Shell (Japan)

This study evaluates Deep Learning (DL) for time-lapse seismic inversion using Ocean Bottom Node (OBN) data, comparing it to the traditional Full Waveform Inversion Double Difference (FWIDD) method. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) was trained on synthetic data with velocity anomalies to predict subsurface velocity changes. The CNN demonstrated strong performance based on MSE and SSIM metrics, offering significantly faster results, as it produced predictions in seconds after a 5-minute training period, compared to FWIDD's 50-minute runtime per iteration. The DL model achieved higher resolution inversion within a known target area. Future work includes testing the CNN on unseen anomaly types and expanding its training with multiple shot locations.

Transport through grain boundaries in polycrystals is described from first principles using quantum scattering theory, explicitly including Feshbach resonances to account for intermittently trapped electronic surface states. An effectiveT-matrix is derived then used to calculate the electrical conductivity which exhibits breakdown, a sharp increase at a critical intergrain bias. Under typical conditions where the electron thermal energy,kBT, is much less than the intergrain barrier height,φb, the electrical conductivity has the formσ∼T-1/2e-φb/kBT. Temperature dependence of the conductivity is also considered for thermal energies much larger than the applied bias, as may be realized in tightly-compressed grains.

Abstract While ZDDP tribofilm formation has been widely studied, the mechanism of ZDDP tribofilm removal during rubbing is still unclear. The study employs a ball on disc tribometer to monitor ZDDP tribofilm development in rolling-sliding, mixed lubrication conditions. It is found that when ZDDP tribofilms are formed very rapidly, as is the case with short alkyl chain, secondary ZDDPs, a large proportion of the initially-formed tribofilm is suddenly lost during rubbing. By contrast, the tribofilms that form more slowly from primary ZDDPs and longer chain secondaries are not partially lost during rubbing. XPS analysis showed that rapidly-formed tribofilm before its partial removal has a very small Zn/O, and a high BO/NBO. This suggests that such tribofilm contains a significant proportion of ultraphosphate, which is likely to have a relatively weak structure due to lack of stabilising cations. This may result in the tribofilm being partially removed when it reaches a certain thickness. By comparison, the remaining tribofilm, and also tribofilms that form slowly, have high Zn/O and low BO/NBO. This suggests that they consist of short chain polyphosphates and are thus stronger and more durable. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Penelitian ini memfokuskan pada strategi komunikasi pemasaran digital yang diterapkan oleh SPBU Shell di Jakarta, dengan penekanan khusus pada analisis Pengalaman Pelanggan dalam industri Stasiun Pengisian Bahan Bakar Umum (SPBU). Melalui pendekatan kualitatif dan observasi, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami aspek-aspek yang terkait dengan pengalaman pelanggan di SPBU Shell. Studi literatur mencakup peninjauan literatur ilmiah dan teknis terkait Pengalaman Pelanggan di SPBU Shell. Sumber data terdiri dari dokumen internal Shell, kebijakan perusahaan, dan informasi resmi dari Shell. Dengan menerapkan analisis tematik dan sintesis informasi, penelitian ini mengembangkan pemahaman holistik tentang Pengalaman Pelanggan di SPBU Shell, dengan penekanan pada strategi komunikasi pemasaran digital. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat memberikan wawasan berharga untuk memperkuat posisi Shell di pasar yang kompetitif dengan menonjolkan keunikan layanan dan penerapan strategi digital yang efektif. Keberhasilan Shell dalam merancang pendekatan ini menciptakan ikatan emosional dengan pelanggan, memperkuat citra merek, dan meningkatkan keterlibatan pelanggan melalui platform digital terintegrasi, konten multimedia yang menarik, interaksi langsung melalui media sosial, edukasi konten, promosi khusus melalui aplikasi, pemasaran influencer, kampanye online tertarget, manajemen reputasi, dan analisis data. Pendekatan pemasaran digital ini bukan hanya mempertahankan, tetapi juga meningkatkan posisi Shell di pasar yang semakin sengit.

Abstract This work describes how microbiology surveillance can be used to drive improvements in unconventional assets. Various microbiology enumeration tools are compared in different case histories for well workovers, surface facilities and production sites. When correctly deployed, new tools and strategies for microbiology management can be powerful resources to further risk assess operations and improve understanding of operating envelopes for safe and reliable production.

Although diversity, equity and inclusion (DE&I) has been a long-term priority for Shell, more recently its Executive Committee has set a goal to become one of the most diverse and inclusive companies in the world — not only because it is the right thing to do, but also because it will help Shell better serve its customers, find innovative solutions to difficult challenges and ultimately make it a stronger company. In this paper, we learn the journey of how Shell Real Estate is rising to the challenge by ensuring its workplaces are leading examples of DE&I for current and future staff and visitors. Although Shell is still continuing its journey and looking for ways to further improve the workplace, this paper reflects where it has reached so far and what lessons can be drawn. The paper can serve as inspiration to others wishing to deliver on their own corporate DE&I goals.

Summary This paper establishes drilling surveillance interpretation and monitoring techniques for digital drilling data which can be used to support drilling forensics and improve drilling performance. One significant advancement in the last 20 years has been the widespread availability and use of sensors to monitor all aspects of the drilling process. The majority of sensors will take surface and downhole data at several hundred samples per second, process the data, and store a record at one sample per second. The data from these sensors are collated and processed using some form of electronic data recording (EDR) system. The information is subsequently displayed in real time and stored for off-site transmittal. This paper extensively evaluates the impact on drilling performance due to how data from such sensors are collected and processed and the information is displayed. A number of observations are investigated, analyzed, and explained identifying how data quality, consistency, frequency, sensor errors, and data artifacts can skew the displayed results. This can critically impact the drilling forensic analysis and subsequent interpretation. Failing to account for these data quality issues in real time may mask drilling dysfunction, causing accelerated damage to the drill bit and drilling assembly. This paper also aims to highlight techniques for displaying and interpreting drilling data to enhance drilling performance as well as diagnose dysfunction during reviews of historic wells. Understanding these limitations in advance and incorporating them in a team’s surveillance strategy can help with the diagnosis of drilling dysfunction and aid performance improvement. These recommended practices have been developed to offer a foundation for drilling surveillance, interpretation, and monitoring as well as training for the industry. They have been created such that they can grow organically and may be used for developing subsequent industry publications. The work described in this paper is part of a joint International Association of Drilling Contactors (IADC)/Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) industry effort to revise the IADC dull-grade process.

Perbaikan pada tanah lempung umumnya menggunakan metode stabilisasi untuk memperbaiki sifat-sifat tanah lempung dengan bahan tambahan yang di campurkan pada tanah lempung asli sehingga meningkatkan kuat dukung tanah sesuai spesifikasi teknis dalam kontruksi bangunan. Egg Shell Powder (ESP) merupakan hasil limbah dari rumah tangga maupun insdustri rumahan yang mempunyai kandungan kalsium karbonal (CaCO3) cukup tinggi sehingga dapat mengisis lubang antara pori-pori dan merekatkan partikel-partikel tanah. Sedangkan Sugarcane Pulp Ash (SPA) merupakan salah satu limbah dari hasil rumah tangga maupun pengolahan tebu yang tidak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sekitar sehingga dapat mengurangi polusi lingkungan. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah pengujian laboratorium terhadap nilai kadar air, berat jenis dan nilai CBR penambahan ESP dan SPA terhadap tanah lempung dengan variasi 0%, 5%, 10% dan 15% serta terhadap penambahan 5% SPA. Hasil Tanah asli dalam penelitian ini termasuk dalam klasifikasi tanah CL, yakni Lempung Tak organik dengan plastisitas rendah sampai sedang. Nilai kadar air optimum cendrung mengalami penurunan seiring dengan penambahan ESP dan SPA pada tanah asli yaitu pada variasi ESP 15% dan SPA Yaitu 19 % dan nilai berat jenis mengalami peningkatan yaitu 1,71 gg/cc . Peningkatan nilai CBR terjadi pada penambahan ESP 15% dan SPA 5% yaitu sebesar 9,23%.

Abstract The Southeastern portion of the East African Rift System reactivates Mesozoic transform faults marking the separation of Madagascar from Africa in the Western Indian Ocean. Earlier studies noted the reactivation of the Davie Fracture Zone in oceanic lithosphere as a seismically active extensional fault, and new 3D seismic reflection data and exploration wells provide unprecedented detail on the kinematics of the sub‐parallel Seagap fault zone in continental/transitional crust landward of the ocean‐continent transition. We reconstruct the evolution of the seismically active Seagap fault zone, a 400‐km‐long crustal structure affecting the Tanzania margin, from the late Eocene to the present day. The Seagap fault zone is represented by large‐scale localized structures affecting the seafloor and displaying growth geometries across most of the Miocene sediments. The continuous tectonic activity evident by our seismic mapping, as well as 2D deep seismic data from literature, suggests that from the Middle‐Late Jurassic until 125 Ma, the Seagap fault acted as a regional structure parallel to, and coeval with, the dextral Davie Fracture Zone. The Seagap fault then remained active after the cessation of both seafloor spreading in the Somali basin and strike‐slip activity on the Davie Fracture Zone, till nowaday. Its architecture is structurally expressed through the sequence of releasing and restraining bends dating back at least to the early Neogene. Seismic sections and horizon maps indicate that those restraining bends are generated by strike‐slip reactivation of Cretaceous structures till the Miocene. Finally based on the interpretation of edge‐enhanced reflection seismic surfaces and seafloor data, we shows that, by the late Neogene, the Seagap fault zone switched to normal fault behaviour. We discuss the Seagap fault's geological and kinematic significance through time and its current role within the microplate system in the framework of the East African rift, as well as implications for the evolution and re‐activation of structures along sheared margins. The newly integrated datasets reveal the polyphase deformation of this margin, highlighting its complex evolution and the implications for depositional fairways and structural trap and seal changes through time, as well as potential hazards.

Abstract Austenitic Stainless steel SS304L and SS316L are extensively used as piping material for cryogenic and corrosive services in an LNG plant. GTAW welding process is a widely used welding process for joining stainless steel pipe work in pipe fabrication yards. For pipe welding, the GTAW process uses inert backing gas or purge gas (e.g. Argon) to prevent oxidation of root pass in order to achieve the weld quality. Welding large diameter stainless steel pipes using GTAW with inert gas introduces significant risk of asphyxiation when a welder enters the pipe that has resulted in fatalities based on industry references. A large LNG project mandated that only welding techniques without backing gas were permitted for joining stainless steel pipes of size > 24”. The project team evaluated four alternative welding techniques with no backing gas and Advanced or Modified Short-arc GMAW was selected. Initial scope covered cryogenic services and later extended to include corrosive / wet (aqueous) services. This paper discusses the approach the project chose including the literature evaluation from the industry experiences, non-backing gas welding qualification and test protocols, curating technical specification, PQR testing and developing WPS’s and welder training and qualification program at the module fabrication yards. The paper also presents the knowledge, experiences gained, and challenges faced in implementing the non-backing gas welding for joining large size stainless steel pipe work in an extensive scale spanning multiple piping module fabrication yards globally.