Shinhan University

Background: To assess trends and distributional characteristics of forced vital capacity (FVC) and vital capacity index (VCI) (a measure of FVC adjusted for weight) among Chinese children and adolescents aged 7-18 years from 1985 to 2019. Methods: FVC and VCI data for Chinese children and adolescents were obtained from the Chinese National Surveillance on Students’ Constitution and Health surveys in 1985, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2014 and 2019. VCI (ml/kg) = FVC (ml)/weight (kg). Trends were estimated by sample-weighted regressions with post-stratification population-weighted procedures. The trends in the distributional characteristics were visually described. Results: For the total population, FVC improved by 78.7 ml (95% confidence interval: -203.3 to 360.7 ml) or 0.12 effect size (ES) (-0.42 to 0.66 ES), which was a negligible improvement. VCI decreased by 11.5 ml/kg (4.8 to 18.3 ml/kg) or 0.84 ES (0.34 to 1.34 ES), which was a large decrease from 1985 to 2019. The sex, residence, and age-stratified VCI both experienced significant moderate to large decreases. Stratified by period, the FVC and VCI decreased dramatically until the 21st century, and the decrease stabilized from 2000 to 2010 and thereafter improved. FVC decreased in the lower percentile and increased in the higher percentile. For the VCI, the larger the percentile was, the smaller the decrease was. Conclusion: Absolute levels of lung function among Chinese children and adolescents have stabilized over the past three decades, but relative levels of lung function have declined significantly. The government should implement health promotion programs to improve respiratory health.

To evaluate the effects of whole-body vibration training on bone mineral density at different sites in the elderly population via meta-analysis. We systematically searched CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, China Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science from inception to April 20, 2025, for randomized controlled trials comparing whole-body vibration training with conventional exercise on bone mineral density in elderly individuals. Methodological quality was assessed using the TESTEX (Tool for the Assessment of Study Quality and Reporting in Exercise) checklist, while risk of bias was evaluated with the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool. Data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.4 for meta-analysis and heterogeneity assessment, Stata MP 18 for Egger’s test, and the GRADE framework for evidence quality evaluation. Fourteen studies involving 1,447 participants were included, with TESTEX = 9.5 (good quality) and risk of bias (21% low risk, and 79% some concerns). Results indicated that whole-body vibration training significantly increased bone mineral density in the Ward's triangle region (WMD=0.04, P < 0.00001) and greater trochanter region (WMD = 0.03, P = 0.0002) in the elderly. It also showed improvement effects on the femoral neck region (WMD = 0.01, P = 0.01) and lumbar spine L2‒L4 region (WMD = 0.04, P = 0.003). However, no significant effects were observed in the lumbar spine L1‒L4 region (WMD=0.00, P=0.79) or total hip region (WMD=0.01, P=0.56). Whole-body vibration training significantly increased bone mineral density in Ward's triangle and greater trochanter regions in elderly subjects, with smaller improvements in the femoral neck region. The L2‒L4 lumbar spine segment may substantially increase, whereas the L1‒L4 lumbar spine segment and total hip region have negligible effect. CRD420251038478.

ABSTRACT While existing research has primarily examined whether individuals accept or reject basic income schemes in Europe and North America, this study explores a broader range of attitudes among young adults towards basic income schemes in Korea. This study utilises the five features of basic income defined by the Basic Income Earth Network and identifies favoured and disfavoured conditions of basic income. The vignette‐based survey targets the respondents who had firsthand experience of receiving Youth Basic Income in Gyeonggi Province, as well as those without such experience. A conjoint analysis reveals mixed attitudes among young adults for the basic income attributes and their alternatives. Specifically, unconditionality consistently receive less favourable evaluations, even among respondents with prior experience. Also, direct exposure to the programme does not produce a generalised increase in support for basic income, but selectively shapes evaluations of design features. These findings may contribute to the ongoing discussion on basic income programme design and the influences of institutions.

Background: This scoping review examined research on artificial intelligence (AI) published in Korean academic journals in the fields of dental hygiene and dentistry.The Context-Concept-Maturity framework was applied to compare research trends and identify future directions.Methods: Following the Arksey and O'Malley framework, with extensions by Levac et al., the review adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines.Domestic academic journals published between January 1, 2020, and September 30, 2025, were searched in KISS, RISS, ScienceON, and DBpia.Studies were screened, extracted, and coded according to population, concept, and context criteria, yielding 70 eligible articles (26 in dental hygiene and 44 in dentistry).Results: In dental hygiene, most research focused on education (38.5%) and community/public oral health (38.5%), while clinical applications were limited (7.7%).Major conceptual domains included education/training tools (42.3%), workflow/automation (38.5%), prediction (15.4%), and classification (3.8%).Dentistry studies were predominantly clinically oriented and imagingbased, emphasizing classification, automation, and segmentation.Maturity analysis indicated that dentistry primarily occupied Stage 2 (application; 84.1%), whereas dental hygiene showed a dual distribution across Stage 1 (exploration; 46.2%) and Stage 2 (application; 46.2%), with limited Stage 3 (integration; 7.7%) studies.Conclusion: AI research in Korea exhibits divergent developmental trajectories.Dental hygiene research emphasizes education, prevention, and public oral health, combining exploratory and applied approaches, while dentistry demonstrates greater clinical integration and application-level maturity.Advancing AI maturity in dental hygiene will require expansion of clinical data-driven studies, incorporation of AI and data literacy into curricula, standardized integration of unstructured and clinical data, multicenter long-term validation, and the development of ethical and performance governance frameworks.

This study aimed to develop a patient safety management protocol for nurses in long-term care hospitals. A methodological approach was employed to design the protocol. The preliminary protocol was drafted based on a comprehensive literature review and expert evaluations, with content validity verified through these reviews. Eighteen nurse experts assessed the initial protocol for content validity, and the final version was refined following feedback from 40 nurses working in long-term care hospitals. The finalized protocol comprises 11 categories and 65 patient safety management items, organized across three stages: admission (one category, 16 items), hospitalization (nine categories, 39 items), and discharge (one category, 10 items). The patient safety management protocol is expected to enhance the quality of foundational data utilized by nurses, clarify their patient safety responsibilities, and promote standardized, systematic safety practices in long-term care hospitals. It holds promise for widespread adoption in long-term care settings.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-025-29547-5.

BackgroundWhile there is some research on hypertension self-management programs for individuals with profound hearing loss who use sign language as their primary mode of communication (commonly referred to as Deaf), there is no systematic program that considers their unique needs and health literacy. Given the high prevalence of hypertension among Deaf individuals and their vulnerability to limited health literacy, we developed the Hypertension Self-Management Education for the Hearing-Impaired using Sign Language (H-SMILE) program, focusing on health literacy.MethodsFollowing the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation model, this methodological study included: (1) analysis through a systematic review of health education interventions for Deaf populations, a survey of 95 Deaf individuals with hypertension, and in-depth interviews with 10 Deaf sign language users; (2) draft design of the program; and (3) program development and expert validation. A pilot test with five Deaf individuals was conducted to assess feasibility.ResultsA 12-session program was developed, covering key topics such as the definition of hypertension, dietary management, weight control, exercise, blood pressure monitoring, medication adherence, smoking and alcohol use cessation, and stress management. The program includes eight pre-recorded educational video sessions produced in Korean Sign Language (KSL) and four small-group in-person sessions for review and feedback. Expert validation of the program, including both the sign language videos and the group session materials, showed high content validity (CVI = 0.94). A pilot test with five Deaf individuals with hypertension demonstrated strong engagement, an over-80% completion rate, and satisfaction scores of 5 out of 5 across all evaluated components. The program integrates linguistic, functional, and digital health literacy to ensure a comprehensive and accessible approach for Deaf participants.ConclusionsThe H-SMILE program is designed for Deaf individuals with hypertension and may be particularly beneficial for those with limited health literacy who use sign language. The program, validated by experts and evaluated in a pilot test showing high satisfaction scores and strong feasibility, appears to be a promising intervention with the potential to enhance health literacy, promote self-management behaviors, and improve health outcomes among Deaf individuals.Trial registrationClinical Research Information Service (CRIS), South Korea (KCT0008292, registration date: March 7, 2023; https://cris.nih.go.kr/).Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-025-13726-1.

Abstract Studies on Protein – protein interactions and RNA – protein interactions between Transcription factors/ receptors and tumour suppressor proteins plays a key role in designing new antitumor drugs for cancer treatment. BRCA1 RING domain shows protein – protein interactions with Vimentin, FOXC1, Focal adhesion kinase and EGFR where as EGFR nucleic acid contig show RNA - protein interactions with Vimentin, FOXC1, Focal adhesion kinase and BRCA1. ErbB2 and Progesterone receptor protein shows protein – protein interactions with BRCA1 RING domain and ErB2, PR nucleic acid contig show RNA - protein interactions with Vimentin, FOXC1, Focal adhesion kinase and BRCA1 RING domain majorly though non covalent interactions.

IntroductionThe purpose of this research is to examine the influence of consumers' perceptions of corporate ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) performance on brand-related attitude and sustainable consumption behaviors, with attention to the boundary conditions imposed by varying degrees of green skepticism toward low-carbon offerings.MethodsThis study conducts a multi-wave survey design to test all hypotheses.ResultsThe empirical study establishes three critical pathways: (1) All perceived ESG dimensions exert significant positive effects on brand trust, (2) Environmental and governance indicators emerge as unique predictors of brand identification, and (3) These attitudinal shifts, in turn, positively influence consumers' intentions to purchase low-carbon products.DiscussionTheoretical contributions are twofold: First, the integration of signaling theory with brand attitude frameworks elucidates the psychological sequencing through which institutional sustainability signals translate into purchase behaviors. Second, the typological approach to green skepticism advances existing environmental psychology models by delineating context-specific moderation effects. Practically, the results provide actionable insights for marketers aiming to design effective ESG communication strategies and foster consumers' positive brand attitude in low-carbon consumption.

BackgroundAthlete burnout is a critical psychological concern, and perfectionism—characterized by excessively high standards and self-critical tendencies—may play a role in its onset. However, prior findings on the link between self-oriented perfectionism (SOP) and burnout remain inconsistent, and the mechanisms underlying this relationship are not fully understood.MethodsThis longitudinal study employed a Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model (RI-CLPM) to examine reciprocal associations between SOP and athlete burnout, as well as the mediating role of loneliness. A total of 422 athletes (Mage = 19.74, SD = 1.77) completed three waves of assessments between June 2024 and June 2025.ResultsSOP significantly predicted subsequent athlete burnout (SOP_T1 → AB_T2: β = 0.355, p < 0.001; SOP_T2 → AB_T3: β = 0.374, p < 0.001). Loneliness emerged as a significant mediator: higher SOP predicted increased loneliness (β = 0.376, p < 0.001), which in turn was associated with greater burnout (β = 0.265, p < 0.01). The indirect effect was significant (β = 0.099, 95% CI [0.033, 0.209]). Notably, no evidence supported a reverse pathway from burnout to subsequent SOP.DiscussionSOP is a longitudinal risk factor for athlete burnout, partly through its contribution to heightened loneliness. Preventive interventions that enhance social and coach support, alongside resilience-building strategies such as mindfulness, may help reduce vulnerability to burnout in athletes.