Shivaji University

The primary technologies used to build this "E-commerce web service using MERN" are Mongodb, Nodejs, Express, and React. All consumers can browse a large selection of products, but to add a product to their shopping basket, they must first register and log in. Customers can read reviews made by other users before making a purchase. The number of items a customer adds to their shopping basket is up to them. The quantity of a product put on the cart can thereafter be modified by the customers. Finally, customers can enter their information during checkout and submit their order by paying the appropriate amount for it. The administrator can then view the customer's data, including order details, the delivery address for the order, and whether the payment has been received. Due to the inability to try on clothing while purchasing clothing online, it might be challenging for a consumer to choose a desirable outfit on the first try. The virtual try-on assignment has the potential to greatly increase the effectiveness of creating fashion catalogues and improve online user experience. This undertaking seeks to address this issue.

The demand for traditional dairy products in the form of ready to eat with extended shelf life has increased steadily, and to prepare them, minimum moisture has to be maintained by the application of different drying technologies. These technologies have some limitations and these can be overcome by application of foam-mat drying. This method has clear benefits, as it is capable of maintaining nutritional and sensory qualities, providing improved energy efficiency, and reducing costs. This paper covers the applications of foam mat drying in various dairy products, including yogurt, cheese, and whey powder. The challenges linked to foam stability and operational complexity need to be addressed for large scale implementation of foam mat drying.

Palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) are at the vanguard of nanotechnologydriven biomedical and industrial applications due to their exceptional electronic, catalytic, and optical properties. The synthesis methodologies for PdNPs, which include physical, chemical, and biological approaches, are systematically examined in this review. A comprehensive literature survey is conducted to critically analyze key advancements, challenges, and application domains. Search engines explored were PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. Studies ranging from 2015 to 2025 were incorporated. Nanoparticle size and morphology can be precisely controlled through physical and chemical synthesis methods; however, these methods frequently pose environmental and scalability concerns. An eco-friendly alternative with enhanced biocompatibility is provided by biogenic synthesis, which employs microbial and plant extracts. PdNPs exhibit substantial potential in the fields of fuel cells, sensors, catalysis, and emerging biomedical applications, including cancer therapy, drug delivery, and imaging. While there are notable benefits, obstacles like swift mucociliary clearance, restricted drug-loading capacity, and variability in nasal responses continue to exist. Proposed solutions to address these challenges include innovations such as mucoadhesive coatings, hybrid polymers, and stimuli-responsive systems. Utilizing computational modeling and conducting clinical trials are crucial for enhancing formulations. In a variety of domains, PdNPs have the potential to create revolutionary changes. To successfully integrate them into real-world applications, further study into toxicity, functionalization, and scalable production is crucial.

Penicilliopsis clavariiformis Solms. is a rare filamentous fungus previously reported from various woody substrates and decaying plant matter. In this study, we report the first time host association of P. clavariiformis on seeds of Diospyros ferrea (Willd.) Bakh., collected from the Manoli Reserve Forest in the Northern Western Ghats, India. The fungus was isolated using standard seed mycobiota screening methods and identified based on both morphological features such as distinctive clavarioid ascomata, septate conidiophores, and cyanophilic conidia and molecular characterization of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA region. The ITS sequence showed > 99% similarity with authenticated P. clavariiformis sequences in GenBank. This is the first confirmed report of P. clavariiformis from seeds of Diospyros ferrea, expanding its known ecological and substrate range. The finding highlights the underexplored fungal diversity associated with forest seeds and emphasizes the need for targeted mycological surveys in biodiversity hotspots like the Western Ghats. Our results contribute to the growing knowledge of seed-associated fungi and provide a baseline for future ecological and pathological investigations involving this species.

To achieve sustainable renewable energy, there is an urgent need for efficient electrocatalyst. Such electrocatalyst must have capability to drive the water electrolysis with significant stability and electrocatalytic activity. The metal organic framework and their derivatives have become popular material due to its porosity and tunable coordination framework. However, their restricted conductivity and structural delicateness limit their full exploration. Therefore, to reduce their inherent limitation, recently MOF‐based and MOF‐derived composites (MOF‐GO, MOF‐Polymer, and MOF‐MXene) with versatile architecture have been developed. Therefore, such MOF composite can offer improved charge transfer kinetics, high exposure of active sites during electrochemical studies. In this context, this comprehensive review offers a critical assessment of the recent advancement of MOF and MOF‐based and MOF‐derived composites for the oxygen evolution reaction. This review will highlight how structural design and interfacial engineering can dictate electrocatalytic performance. Additionally, to illustrate the contribution of redox‐active metal centers, organic ligands, and hierarchical porosity, significant example and cases are thoroughly discussed. Finally, opportunities and challenges are outlined, including scalable synthesis, in situ/operando insights, and incorporation into practical electrolyzer systems.