Società Italiana di Fisica

In our previous article “All the reasons to reject the AS-AD model” we focused on the criticisms of the AS-AD (Aggregate Supply-Aggregate Demand) model. In this second part of the article “All the reasons to reject the AS-AD model” we intend to move from the criticisms leveled at the AS-AD model to proposals for its modification. We thus arrive at the downward-sloping competitive aggregate supplì curve CAS and the equally downward-sloping competitive aggregate demand curve CAD. Their intersection, unlike traditional approaches, does not result in the reassuring «natural equilibrium» of full employment, but rather in the problematic «competitive equilibrium» of full unemployment. The article concludes with the shifts in the «competitive equilibrium» resulting from economic policies, whose disruptive effects are very different from traditional ones. We would like to point out that this article has much in common with the macroeconomic model of overproduction we developed previously (1991-2025), by examining in depth the price movements in the competitive context which were not sufficiently considered in the latter.

En la Edad Media, y no sólo, la aproximación de un ejército enemigo era para los habitantes de las ciudades y del campo un suceso bastante frecuente y muy peligroso. Por esta razón, los señores, los oficiales de los Visconti, las autoridades de las ciudades y las comunidades rurarles idearon una serie de medidas para limitar el daño que los enemigos podían infligir al territorio. La más común era disponer guardias y guarniciones en fortificaciones urbanas, castillos y asentamientos rurales, pero también utilizaban estratagemas como señales sonoras, de humo o espías mediante los cuales era posible vigilar la aproximación de los enemigos y preparar las contramedidas necesarias. Es un tema muy amplio y no investigado, al menos en el contexto italiano, que aquí, por comodidad, examinaremos analizando la información recogida dentro de las comunidades controladas por los Visconti en el siglo XIV.

This opinion paper aims to clarify the interacting elements that affect the substantial consequences of urban floods. The main goal is to elucidate the assessment of risk and its mitigation by examining relevant elements, including the comprehension of the causes and characteristics of urban floods. This analysis addresses the challenges of informed urban flood management, emphasizing intelligent planning, operational efficiency, and community preparedness, with the objective of ensuring timely, resilient, and effective responses that maintain social and environmental equity. Ultimately, the unresolved issues that hinder decision makers from making informed decisions are succinctly delineated.

implicito, come atteggiamento di attenzione e di curiosit per le caratteristiche della lingua italiana nel suo uso comunicativo reale, dall'altro in senso esplicito, come scoperta e successiva sistemazione delle regolarit, con la contestuale acquisizione del linguaggio specifico della grammatica".L'importanza del metalinguaggio (cio, appunto, del linguaggio specifico della grammatica) dunque collegata in maniera molto stretta alla possibilit di riflettere sulla grammatica per poterne fissare le regolarit e i concetti e per poterli nominare correttamente.In altre parole, per poterla apprendere raggiungendo il livello della consapevolezza.

To examine the clinical burden and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) among patients with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia (TDT) and patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) with recurrent vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs) in Italy. Eligible patients were identified from an administrative claims database from 1 January 2010 and 1 February 2019. Patients with TDT had ≥ 1 iron chelation treatment, ≥ 8 red blood cell transfusions (RBCTs) during any 12-month period, and ≥ 12 months of available data pre- and post-index (i.e., first RBCT claim). Patients with SCD with recurrent VOCs had ≥ 2 VOCs/year in ≥ 2 consecutive years and ≥ 12 months of available data pre- and post-index (second VOC claim in the second of 2 consecutive years). Patients were propensity score matched to five controls by age, sex, geographic area, and index year. Clinical and HCRU outcomes were evaluated post-index. In total, 214 patients with TDT and 111 patients with SCD with recurrent VOCs were matched to 1070 and 555 controls, respectively. Both patient groups had substantially higher mortality rates than controls (TDT: 4.8 versus 0.8 deaths per 100 person-years; SCD: 1.6 versus 0.4 deaths per 100 person-years). Clinical complications were prevalent in both patient groups. Compared with controls, both patient groups had significantly higher mean rates of all-cause hospitalizations (TDT: 1.4 versus 0.1; SCD: 2.0 versus 0.1) and outpatient services (TDT: 21.9 versus 1.6; SCD: 6.2 versus 1.0) per patient per year (all: p < 0.05). Management of TDT and SCD in Italy is associated with significant clinical and health system burden, highlighting the need for new treatments that eliminate RBCTs and VOCs.

Purpose of ReviewIn an attempt to clarify the most appropriate nomenclature for the very low-calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKD), we propose to change the nomenclature and acronym of this medical nutrition therapy. The new definition and acronym proposed by the "KetoNut" panel of experts of the Italian Society of Nutraceuticals (SINut) and the Italian Association of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition (ADI) is Very Low-Energy Ketogenic Therapy (VLEKT).Recent FindingsIn the last few years, different authors have focused on the issue of confusion in the nomenclature of ketogenic diets. In detail, have been differentiated the VLCKD that provides < 800 kcal per day, which is intended for the weight loss in the medical treatment of obesity, and a eucaloric ketogenic diet, which contains more calories from fat (predominantly unsaturated) and with specific ketogenic ratios, for allow growth in children while helping, at the same time, to establish epileptic seizure control.SummaryIn recent years, ketogenic diets have attracted great interest for their efficacy in the treatment of epilepsy and other neurological diseases but also in patients with overweight and obesity-related metabolic disorders. Nevertheless, although ketogenic diets are a dietary intervention designed to induce nutritional ketosis, different diets with different macronutrients’ composition have been called with this name. The confusion in the nomenclature of ketogenic diets may result in significant bias and mistakes in the interpretation of the current scientific evidence.Graphical

PurposeSuicide attempts (SA) during perinatal period have the potential to adversely affect a woman’s health and her developing infant. To date, little is known about perinatal SA and their risk factors. This study aimed to synthetize the evidence on risk factors of SA in pregnant and postpartum women.MethodsWe systematically reviewed studies retrieved from PubMed/Medline, PsycINFO, and CINAHL, following the PRISMA guidelines for reporting. A meta-analysis was conducted only for risk factors examined in at least three distinct samples.ResultsA total of ten studies were eligible for inclusion. All the studies found significant associations in regression models between perinatal SA and other variables (sociodemographic, clinical factors obstetric, neonatal, and psychosocial). The meta-analysis showed that unmarried women (pooled OR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.26–2.78), with no higher education (pooled OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.31–2.74) and affected by a mood disorder (pooled OR = 11.43, 95% CI = 1.56–83.87) have a higher risk of postpartum SA; women who smoke during pregnancy (pooled OR = 3.87, 95% CI = 1.35–11.11) have a higher risk of SA in pregnancy; and women with previous suicidal behavior(pooled OR = 38.04, 95% CI = 3.36–431.17) have a higher risk of perinatal SA, whether during pregnancy or in the postpartum period. The type of sample, whether community or clinical, is a relevant moderating factor.ConclusionOur study extends prior reviews about suicidal behaviors in women by studying perinatal suicide attempts independently, as well as it synthesized data on some sociodemographic, clinical, and obstetric/neonatal risk factors. Further studies about specific risk factors for perinatal SA are needed in order to improve early detection and intervention of women at risk.