Solutions Through Innovative Technologies (United States)

Cadmium silicon phosphide (CdSiP2) is a nonlinear optical material widely used in optical parametric oscillators. Intrinsic defects (vacancies and antisites) are responsible for unwanted broad optical absorption bands in these crystals that degrade the performance of the devices. In the present work, optical absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra are acquired (at room temperature and 12 K, respectively) from a neutron-irradiated CdSiP2 crystal. After the irradiation, the crystal is highly absorbing from the band edge near 600 nm to beyond 1.3 μm because of overlapping defect-related absorption bands. Heating to 550 °C removes nearly all the absorption induced by the high-energy neutrons. EPR spectra show that a primary effect of the neutrons is the production of phosphorous vacancies. A broad EPR signal attributed to perturbed intrinsic defects is seen before heating the irradiated crystal. After warming to 550 °C, an EPR spectrum representing isolated neutral phosphorous vacancies (VP0) is observed without light and an EPR spectrum from neutral phosphorous-on-silicon antisites (PSi0) can be photoinduced with 633 nm light. The formation of the PSi0 antisites (occurring when phosphorous interstitials created by the neutrons are trapped at silicon vacancies) provides direct evidence that the neutrons displaced phosphorous ions. The VP0 and PSi0 donors were not detected in EPR spectra taken from the as-grown CdSiP2 crystal (i.e., before the neutron irradiation).

Kecerdasan Buatan (Artificial Intelligence/AI) saat ini menjadi alat inovatif dalam mendukung pembelajaran desain interior, khususnya dalam eksplorasi dan penerapan penggayaan interior rumah tinggal. Penelitian ini mengkaji peran AI dalam membantu mahasiswa dan desainer memahami serta mengembangkan konsep gaya interior melalui analisis tren, rekomendasi desain, dan simulasi visual berbasis data. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan eksperimen terapan yang bersifat komparatif, dengan tujuan untuk membandingkan efektivitas metode eksplorasi desain interior rumah tinggal berbasis kecerdasan buatan (AI) dengan metode konvensional yang umum digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran desain. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada mahasiswa Prodi Desain Interior STDI Bandung yang mengikuti mata kuliah Studio Desain Interior 2 pada semester keempat. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik analisis komparatif dan analisis konten visual. Subjek penelitian adalah mahasiswa yang mendapatkan tugas untuk merancang interior ruang tidur pada proyek rumah tinggal, dengan menerapkan dua pendekatan eksplorasi gaya: (1) pencarian referensi secara konvensional melalui media sosial dan sumber pustaka, dan (2) eksplorasi visual menggunakan platform kecerdasan buatan mnml.ai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa AI mampu meningkatkan efisiensi dalam pembelajaran, mempercepat eksplorasi desain, serta memberikan rekomendasi yang lebih personal dan berbasis data. Dengan demikian, AI tidak hanya berperan sebagai alat bantu teknis, tetapi juga sebagai medium interaktif yang memperkaya proses edukatif dalam desain interior. Studi ini diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi bagi akademisi dan praktisi dalam mengoptimalkan AI untuk pendidikan desain interior yang lebih adaptif dan inovatif. Kata Kunci: desain interior ,kecerdasan buatan,, penggayaan interior rumah tinggal, pembelajaran desain, rekomendasi AI.

Approximately 20% of patients with multiple myeloma develop progressive kidney failure during the course of the disease. The accumulation of numerous monoclonal chains in renal parenchyma cells is usually correlated with renal failure in a patient with myeloma cancer. These light chains interact with Tamm-Horsfall protein in the distal convoluted tubule, leading to cast formation and disruption of the tubular basement membrane, resulting in acute tubular interstitial nephritis. Therefore, sufficient hydration, maintaining elevated calcium and uric acid levels, and treatment with chemotherapeutic regimens are urgent in treating such patients. Treatment should be followed with medications like thalidomide, bortezomib, and lenalidomide to prevent the severity of the disease. In addition to that, significant consideration should be given to mechanical means of treatment such as hemodialysis, kidney filters to remove the light chain blood transfusion, and many more. According to recent research and development, more efforts must be made to improve kidney function in patients with multiple myeloma and renal failure.

Optical bandpass filters are designed using layer thickness-dependent optimization with experimentally derived optical dispersion data from complex index ultrathin metal films (≤20 nm). Improvement in passband transmission is presented while maintaining low blocking band transmission.

The science of artificial intelligence is rapidly expanding, and its application to the global diabetes pandemic could revolutionize how this chronic disease is diagnosed and managed. AI has been used to design algorithms to assist prediction models for the risk of diabetes or its complications. During the last 10 years, the combination of continuous glucose monitoring and data from insulin pumps has revolutionized the management of diabetes. More recently, wristbands or watches have been able to track a wide range of physiological characteristics and functions, including heart rate, sleep duration, number of steps taken, and mobility. Future updates will provide more information, including barometric pressure, hydration, and geolocation. When these variables are analyzed, they can support the decision-making of patients and medical professionals. There has been a growing interest in developing and using artificial intelligence (AI) methods for decision assistance and knowledge acquisition in recent years. Comparable new situations have emerged in various medical domains. The industry is considering a significant potential for the application of artificial intelligence (AI), which is now being applied to generate personal health histories. However, cost and privacy concerns have not yet been resolved.

We introduce solid carbon nanorod whiskers, a derivative of carbon nanotubes which are fabricated via a solid state methodology and are completely free from metallic impurities. We explore the electrochemical properties of these unique carbon nanostructures towards the electrochemical oxidation of NADH, dopamine and uric acid, and compare and contrast to other carbon nanomaterials/composites where appropriate. It is shown that thin layer behaviour dominates when the coverage of the nanomaterials is increased giving the false impression of electro-catalysis. The SCNR whiskers are analytically similar to other reported carbon nanotube structures and yet do not suffer from problems associated with metallic impurities, suggesting their beneficial use in many areas of electrochemistry.

Supervisory control of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) raises many issues concerning the balance of system autonomy with human interaction for optimal operator situation awareness and system performance. A UAV simulation environment designed to manipulate the application of automation was used to evaluate participants' performance on routing tasks under three levels of automation. Trials also involved completion of several mission-related secondary tasks as participants supervised either one or three UAVs. Both objective and subjective data were collected. The results showed that participants took longer to complete the routing task when automation was high due to the time they spent verifying the accuracy of the imperfect decision aid. These results show the importance of designing an interface that provides an efficient means of interacting with the automation and communicates the automation's rationale, especially under high automation levels.

The developmental neurotoxicity of methylmercury (MeHg) in humans has been described following catastrophic events in Minamata Bay, Japan and in Iraq, and following the exposure to lower doses elsewhere in the world. The most common route of MeHg exposure in humans is through the intake of contaminated food, especially fish. Although the precautions against the ingestion of potentially contaminated food during pregnancy are well recognized, precautions against the ingestion of MeHg during lactation are not so uniformly recognized. However, the continued development of the central nervous system during the early postnatal period serves to prolong the period during which this critical system is susceptible to the toxic insult of MeHg. Because no direct method is available to quantitatively assess the lactational transfer of MeHg to humans, a computer-aided simulation method was developed. An available gestational physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was refined and expanded to include parameters and algorithms specific for the elimination of MeHg in breast milk. The predictions of the completed model were compared with experimental data obtained from rodents, and the model parameters were allometrically scaled to humans. Finally, the model was validated by comparing its predictions against the available clinical data for MeHg distribution and elimination in mothers and their nursing infants. This model incorporated current and previous maternal exposures to MeHg to accurately predict the kinetics of MeHg excretion in breast milk and the daily intake by the nursing infant. This model may be used to quantify MeHg intake by the nursing infant, under different rates of maternal MeHg ingestion.