Sophia University

Examining the skilled migration of IT workers from South Korea to Japan, this study illuminates the critical role of the sending country government in steering migration intermediaries and migrants towards less-than-ideal employment outcomes in the destination country. By analysing the three phases of pre- and post-migration mediation – attraction, allocation and integration – and examining the interactions among multiple actors in each phase, the study uncovers how the continuous flow of IT skilled migration from South Korea to Japan since around 2000 has produced skilled yet flexible migrant labour in Japan’s expanding IT industry. This study advances theoretical discussions on the nexus between migrant labour and the flexible labour market structures of the host country by shedding light on the role of sending states in constructing ‘supply-driven’ skilled yet flexible labour mobility.

Abstract Virus discovery using RNA-seq data from wildlife and livestock offers a powerful strategy for identifying unknown pathogens with pandemic potential. However, conventional approaches rely on homology-based searches that have limited sensitivity for highly divergent viruses, are computationally intensive at scale, and cannot distinguish true infections from contamination. Viral infection induces interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), key components of the frontline antiviral defense, and their expression serves as a robust indicator of viral infection. Here, we developed a host-response–based virus discovery framework that rapidly quantifies ISG expression and predicts viral infection status. Applying this framework to ∼210,000 RNA-seq data sets from diverse mammalian and avian species, we identified hidden viral infections across diverse hosts, including those caused by highly divergent viruses missed by a conventional approach. Our framework complements existing virus discovery strategies by adding host innate immune response context and enabling computationally efficient prescreening for scalable viral surveillance. Highlights Host response–based virus discovery in wildlife and livestock RNA-seq data Quantify interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression and predict viral infection Analysis of ∼210,000 RNA-seq data sets reveals hidden viral infections Detects highly divergent viruses and scalable viral surveillance through rapid prescreening

This research examines the multifaceted experiences of Early Career Researchers (ECRs) navigating the increasingly globalized landscape of atmospheric chemistry. Drawing upon collective insights from the ECR Scientific Steering Committee and quantitative data from a survey of 180 ECRs across 40 countries, we investigate their primary motivations, challenges, and opportunities. Key obstacles identified include systemic difficulties in securing funding and resources, achieving sustainable work–life balance, and uncertainty around long-term career prospects, often compounded by precarious employment conditions. While globalization offers significant avenues for international collaboration, data sharing, and knowledge exchange, it concurrently presents challenges such as heightened competition, visa restrictions, regional disparities, and the risk of inequitable research practices. Despite these hurdles, ECRs are driven by a strong interest in their field, a desire to make a tangible impact on societal concerns, and the appeal of a supportive community. This research offers actionable insights focused on 4 key pillars: (i) strengthening mentoring programs; (ii) reforming funding mechanisms for improved accessibility and equity; (iii) providing targeted skill development workshops; and (iv) promoting equitable collaborations and advancing the decolonization of research practices. To foster a supportive, inclusive, and sustainable environment for the next generation of atmospheric scientists, this work underscores the urgent need for systemic change and sustained collaborative action by networks such as International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC), as well as by senior researchers, academic institutions, and funding agencies.The research presented is published as Maximilien Desservettaz, Martin Otto Paul Ramacher, Simone Thirstrup Andersen, Cybelli Barbosa, Sebastian Diez, Hannah Bryant, Tamryn Hamilton, Stephanie Schneider, Karn Vohra, Yuanzhe Li, Sachin Mishra, Nor Diana Abdul Halim, Shahid Uz Zaman, Flossie Brown, Shyno Susan John, Pravash Tiwari, William Apondo, Emily Matthews; A new generation of Early Career Researchers in atmospheric chemistry: Navigating a globalized scientific landscape. Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene 3 January 2025; 13 (1): 00064. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2025.00064.

This paper examines the relationship between green credit and carbon emissions using balanced provincial panel data from China (2012–2024). A two-way fixed effects model serves as the baseline framework, with mediation and threshold analyses exploring mechanisms and nonlinearities, while dynamic system GMM estimates are used for robustness checks. Results demonstrate that green credit significantly reduces regional carbon emissions through three pathways: green technological innovation, energy structure optimization, and industrial structure upgrading. Energy transitions account for 21% of the total effect as the dominant channel. Threshold analysis reveals that the efficacy of green credit shows a non-monotonic pattern across green credit intensity levels and almost doubles in economically developed regions (per capita GDP over 31,380 yuan or US$4,500). These findings show that carbon emissions can be effectively supported by green credit; nevertheless, to maximize its impact, regionally tailored green credit policies that focus on energy infrastructure and reach crucial deployment scales are needed.

With the decarbonization of internal combustion engines, alternative fuels have gained increasing attention. When using fuels with low combustibility, such as ammonia, detailed analysis of the intake system and in-cylinder flow is essential for improving combustion efficiency. Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) has been widely used to extract coherent structures in flow fields within internal combustion engines. However, most previous studies have focused on analyzing cycle-to-cycle variations in gasoline engines, while time-resolved analysis within a single cycle of diesel engines has rarely been conducted. In this study, the effect of tangential port opening on in-cylinder flow characteristics was investigated using an optical single-cylinder diesel engine equipped with two intake ports and two exhaust ports. The opening area of the tangential port was varied under five conditions using different gaskets, and in-cylinder velocities were measured using particle image velocimetry. POD was applied to the acquired velocity data to evaluate the flow structures of the higher modes and their correlations with the mean flow and turbulence intensity. The results showed that in POD mode 1, a swirl flow was formed during the compression stroke when the tangential port opening exceeded 25%. Evaluation of the correlation between POD mode 1 and the ensemble-averaged flow using the relevance index revealed a strong correlation during the compression stroke. In POD mode 2, complex flows were observed during the intake stroke, and structures different from the mean flow were also confirmed during the compression stroke. A moderate correlation was observed between POD mode 2 and turbulence intensity under all conditions. Energy contribution analysis indicated that in the early intake stroke, the variation in mode 1 was large, and the flows represented by mode 2 and higher modes were dominant, whereas in the late compression stroke, mode 1 consistently accounted for a higher proportion.

The determination of the biodistribution of cyclodextrin‐based (nano)materials represents a critical point for their development and in vivo use as drug carriers and gene‐delivery systems. In this work, we report the design and preparation of a Eu(III)‐based emissive probe based on a new adamantyl‐appended β ‐diketone. This probe has favorable emission and structural features, as it is endowed with a long lifetime (280 µs). Also, it is able to form a stable supramolecular inclusion complex with virtually any cyclodextrin‐based systems. With such an emissive probe, time‐resolved fluorescence imaging techniques could be exploited to obtain images with higher contrast and hence enhanced quality, allowing one to follow the fate of cyclodextrin‐based delivery systems in complex biological media, such as cells and tissues.

Editorial PhD. Jorge Luis León-González Nursing Education in the Digital Age: SmartNurse as a Bridge to Innovation Karen Elizabeth Sánchez-Núñez Accreditation and certification in higher education: perspectives for university quality management Mohammad Narimani La investigación acción participativa de la medicina tradicional en la comunidad de San Juan Solís Mariana Cerón-Sánchez Digital skills in nursing: Adapting to the digital health era María del Carmen Chávez-Cárdenas, Cruz Xiomara Peraza-de Aparicio, Yoel López-Gamboa, Miguel Ángel Fernández-Marín Estrategias docentes para una pedagogía del cuidado: estudio de caso de una institución primaria adscrita a un barrio tradicional en Pachuca, Hidalgo Denisse Alejandra Ramírez-Trejo, Irma Quintero-López, Lydia Raesfeld, Javier Moreno-Tapia Dominio y aplicación de normas de bioseguridad en el personal de enfermería: un análisis crítico Cruz Xiomara Peraza-de Aparicio, Roxibel Wendy Medina-Jiménez Derechos del niño en el siglo XXI: Un análisis jurídico de los avances y desafíos Eimy Eliana Espinoza-Guamán Artificial intelligence in scientific research: an analysis from the ethics and responsibility perspective Farzad Sattari-Ardabili, Arnoldo José de Hoyos-Guevara

This paper studies the applicability of the concept of “secular stagnation” to four Northeast Asian economies, specifically China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. It revisits growth outcome in those countries since the 1980s and discusses future growth prospects. A bibliometric analysis demonstrates that secular stagnation and related concepts of “lost decade”, “growth trap” or “growth slowdown” have risen in academic studies focusing on East Asia. While some deceleration in growth is expected as economies approach the technological frontier and move beyond catch-up growth, recent performance has been weaker than earlier expectations. On the supply side, rapid population aging, slower labor force expansion, and the flattening of educational attainment have contributed to declining growth potential. On the demand side, rising inequality and cross-country spillovers have further dampened growth prospects. Nevertheless, the diversity of country experiences and policy responses within East Asia suggests that prolonged stagnation is not inevitable.

It is important to control the vibration of the car body and maintain good ride-comfort especially on high-speed railway. This paper focuses on the vertical vibration of car body. The vibration modes and intensities of actual running rolling stock were analyzed using the Tokaido-Shinkansen as an example. The results showed that the anti-roll damper between cars causes bending vibration peaks at a frequency lower than the first natural bending eigenvalue of the car body. Therefore, we developed a multi-body vehicle dynamics simulation model that can simulate a train set and clarified the vibration mechanism caused by the anti-roll damper between cars. Specifically, it was found that bending vibrations caused by the anti-roll damper between cars occur in the following two cases. The first case occurs when the following two conditions overlap. The first condition is that the even multiple of the half-wavelength of the longitudinal irregularities is close to the distance between the two bogies, and the front and rear bogies are vibrating up and down in the same phase. The second condition is that the odd multiple of the half-wavelength of the longitudinal irregularities is close to the distance between the vehicle centers, and the neighboring vehicles are vibrating up and down in the opposite phase. And the second case occurs when the following two conditions overlap. The first condition is that the odd multiple of the half-wavelength of the longitudinal irregularities is close to the distance between the two bogies, and the front and rear bogies are vibrating up and down in the opposite phase. The second condition is that the even multiple of the half-wavelength of the longitudinal irregularities is close to the distance between the vehicle centers, and the neighboring vehicles are vibrating up and down in the same phase.