St. Joseph University In Tanzania

Using e-money has risks, one of which is losing your balance. Loss of e-money balance can occur due to various factors, such as lost cards, hacked cards, or transactions carried out by irresponsible parties. The purpose of this research is to analyze if the current regulations sufficient to provide legal protection for e-money users, ways to improve the security of the e-money system to prevent balance loss, as well as ways to improve the identification of parties responsible for lost e-money balances. The research method used in this research is normative-empirical legal research with quantitative descriptive analysis. Legal protection for electronic money balances in Indonesia is still not completely adequate. This is because there are several factors that can hinder legal prosecution by e-money users, such as the difficulty of identifying the party responsible for lost balances, the difficulty of proving that there are defects in goods or services and the lack of knowledge of e-money users about legal protection. There are several ways to improve the security of the e-money system to prevent balance loss, namely, using more sophisticated security technology, increasing e-money users' awareness of security and increasing supervision of e-money issuers. There are several ways to increase the identification of parties responsible for lost e-money balances, namely providing obligations to e-money issuers to store e-money transaction data for a certain period of time, increasing cooperation between related parties, such as the government , e-money issuers, and internet service providers, and with improvements in regulations, e-money system security, and identification of parties responsible for lost e-money balances, it is hoped that it can provide more effective legal protection for e-money users. Bahasa Indonesia Abstrak: Penggunaan e-money memiliki risiko, salah satunya adalah kehilangan saldo. Kehilangan saldo e-money dapat terjadi karena berbagai faktor, seperti kartu hilang, kartu diretas, atau transaksi yang dilakukan oleh pihak yang tidak bertanggung jawab. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perlindungan hukum bagi pengguna e-money, cara meningkatkan keamanan sistem e-money untuk mencegah terjadinya kehilangan saldo serta cara meningkatkan identifikasi pihak yang bertanggung jawab atas kehilangan saldo e-money. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif-empiris dengan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Perlindungan hukum atas saldo uang elektronik di Indonesia masih belum sepenuhnya memadai karena terdapat beberapa faktor yang dapat menghambat penuntutan hukum oleh pengguna e-money, seperti sulitnya mengidentifikasi pihak yang bertanggung jawab atas kehilangan saldo, sulitnya membuktikan adanya cacat pada barang atau jasa dan kurangnya pengetahuan pengguna e-money tentang perlindungan hukum. Cara untuk meningkatkan keamanan sistem e-money untuk mencegah terjadinya kehilangan saldo yaitu menggunakan teknologi keamanan yang lebih canggih, meningkatkan kesadaran pengguna e-money tentang keamanan dan meningkatkan pengawasan terhadap penerbit e-money. Cara untuk meningkatkan identifikasi pihak yang bertanggung jawab atas kehilangan saldo e-money yaitu memberikan kewajiban kepada penerbit e-money untuk menyimpan data transaksi e-money dalam jangka waktu tertentu, meningkatkan kerja sama antara pihak-pihak terkait, seperti pemerintah, penerbit e-money, dan penyedia jasa internet, dan dengan adanya perbaikan dalam regulasi, keamanan sistem e-money, dan identifikasi pihak yang bertanggung jawab atas kehilangan saldo e-money, diharapkan dapat memberikan perlindungan hukum yang lebih efektif bagi pengguna e-money.

BackgroundConcomitant invasive ovarian mucinous adenocarcinoma, unilateral renal agenesis and bicornuate uterus is a rare combination. Unilateral renal agenesis has been associated with genital anomalies, such as unicornuate and bicornuate uterus. Furthermore, a wealth of studies has reported the association between unicornuate uterus and ovarian anomalies, such as the absence of an ovary or ectopic ovaries, but rarely has there been a combination of the three to the best of our knowledge. The present case report is the first case presentation with a combination of the three syndromes: ovarian mucinous tumor, unilateral renal agenesis, and bicornuate uterus.Case presentationWe report the case of a 17-year-old who presented with abdominal distension. On examination, a CT scan revealed a large multicystic abdominal mass on the right side, with an absence of the right kidney while the left kidney was normal in size, appearance, and position. Intraoperatively, massive blood-stained ascitic fluid was evacuated. Additionally, a large whitish polycystic intra-abdominal mass with mucus-like materials and solid areas was attached to the midpoint of the colon and the right ovary, with visible metastasis to the omentum. The uterus was bicornuate. The mass and omentum were taken for histopathology and a diagnosis of invasive ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma with metastasis to the colon and omentum was made after a pathological report.ConclusionsThe presence of these conditions in the same individual could potentially complicate medical management and fertility considerations. Thus, a need for a multidisciplinary medical team, including gynecologists, urologists, and oncologists, to address their unique needs and provide appropriate treatment and guidance. Further research and case studies are needed to better understand the possible association and implications of these rare co-occurring conditions.

ABSTRACT Introduction: This study focuses on the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of Kabasura Kudineer, a Siddha formulation renowned for its properties against cold and exclusively utilized during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: The medication was obtained from a reputable Siddha vendor in Chennai, India, and subsequently extracted and subjected to GC-MS analysis. Results: The GC-MS profiling revealed the presence of several molecules, including benzoic acid, eugenol, alpha-ylangeneol, trans-2,4-dimethylthiane, S, S-dioxide, humulene, methyl 4,7,10,13-hexadecatetraenoate, 17-octadecynoic acid, 1-hexadecyn-3-ol, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl, sulfurous acid, butyl heptadecyl ester, chloroacetic acid, tetradecyl ester, n-propyl cinnamate, oleyl alcohol, trifluoroacetate, 1-heptatriacotanol, and fenretinide. These compounds exhibit expansive medicinal roles. Conclusion: Kabasura Kudineer emerges as a highly effective remedy for cold-related ailments, particularly owing to the presence of bioactive compounds such as eugenol and humulene. These constituents play pivotal roles in antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. Further investigations into the individual medicinal efficacy of each identified molecule are warranted to substantiate the therapeutic potential of Kabasura Kudineer, providing valuable insights for future applications.

A direct antiglobulin test (DAT) is not routinely used in developing countries including Sudan. The direct antiglobulin test (DAT) is a screening test for antibodies present in an individual’s red cells and is used to diagnose hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). The study was to determine the prevalence of DAT among infants at Atbara and Eldamer. The study was designed as a descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out among neonates during January and February 2019 Atbara and Eldamer. ABO group and DAT were carried out among 100 samples of neonatal cord blood. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. A total of 100 neonates were recruited for the study. Among 100caces ABO incompatibility status was determined in 74 cases. The higher frequency was (O+, O+)(40%), the lower frequency was (AB+/AB+)(2%) while ABO incompatibility between neonates and mothers was found in 26 (26.0%) cases, The higher frequency of (A/O) incompatibility (15%), the lower frequency was (B+/A+),(AB+/A+)(1%) by the ABO group distribution at the Atbara & Eldamer localities. in this study positive DAT was detected in 2/100 (2.00%) cases (positive DAT was attributed to a typical antibody) two cases are the (O+/O+) group, These two neonates (O RhD positive) and the mothers (O RhD positive), The two cases of alloimmunization were mothers multipara without a history of past transfusions. The study concluded that sensitization with alloantibodies was found among neonatal blood which reflects the importance of detection of allo Abs among cord blood and mothers.

Background: Covid-19 vaccine is an immunization method used to reduce coronavirus incidence but lately caused life-threatening events such as thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome. Methods: This is a case-control study conducted at Shendi town to evaluate platelet parameters and fibrinogen levels in vaccinated healthy individuals With Covid-19 vaccines between Augusts to November 2021. A total of (100) vaccinated healthy individual With the Covid-19 vaccine was enrolled in the study as test groups, compared with (50) healthy volunteers as a control group. Venous blood samples were transferred into Trisodium citrate and EDTA anticoagulant. Data was collected using a questionnaire and the (SPSS) version (22) program was used for data analysis. Results: The study revealed that the vaccinated healthy individuals were; (50%) male and (50%) female. The platelets parameter and fibrinogen indicated the mean values of platelets count, mean platelets volume, platelets distribution width, platelet crit, and fibrinogen, in Janssen vaccine groups, were (251.14 109\L), (8.39 fl), (15.6), (0.203%), and (158 mg\dl) respectively. The results study revealed the mean of PLT, MPV, PDW, PCT, and Fibrinogen, in Astrazeneca vaccine groups, were (272.08 109\L), (8.13fl), (15.56), (0.2211%), (159 mg/dl) respectively. Also explained the mean of PLT, MPV, PDW, PCT and Fibrinogen, in Astrazeneca vaccine groups were (272.08 109\L), (8.13fl), (15.56), (0.2211%), (159 mg\dl) respectively and in Janssen vaccine groups the mean values of PLT, MPV, PDW, PCT, Fibrinogen were ( 251.14 109\L), (8.39fl), (15.63), (0.2034%), (158 mg\dl) respectively. Conclusions: Covid-19 vaccines are responsible for significant changes in fibrinogen level in both AstraZeneca and Janssen vaccine groups.

The study reported in this paper investigated the perceived potential for utilization of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for quality assurance practices in secondary schools in Dar es Salaam. The study used survey research design and a total of 56 quality assurers (i.e., 53 school quality assurers and 03 chief school quality assurers) drawn from Dar es Salaam, Ilala, Kinondon and Temeke participated in the study. Structured questionnaires and interview guides were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data which were then analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Data Reduction Technique respectively. Findings have revealed that there is a potential for utilization of ICT for quality assurance practices in secondary schools. Findings have shown that between 57.1% to 98.2% of quality assurers have access to computer (83.9% and mobile phones (98.2%). Also, over 50% of the school quality assurers are already utilizing ICT for report writing (66.1%), storage of information (58.9%), to access stored information (53.6%) and to surf educational resources (50%). However, about 40% of the quality assurers lack ICT knowledge of basic computer applications. Appropriate recommendations are suggested based on the findings and discussion.

Over the last decade, Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) dragged the research community’s attention due to the associated benefits in physiology and pathology. In this study, the probable role of AHR in cancer development is discussed. The ABCG2 gene that regulates uric acid metabolism is controlled by AHR. The study noticed that the failure of AHR control over ABCG2 leads to the accumulation of uric acid, reduction of vitamin D, and hormonal imbalances that are sequentially associated with several types of cancer. Furthermore, the location of AHR in the cytoplasm and its role in the regulation of the development and differentiation of blood cells, makes it impacts on overall cells of the body, while cancer genes can be transmitted through AHR receptors in the placenta to the offspring. Overtiredness of AHR by aging, microbial, chemical, or other environmental factors escalates the risk of cancer cell growth. Consequently, immune system dysfunction is facilitated by metastasis. Meanwhile, the Tryptophan catabolism indicates the exhaustion of AHR. However, this hypothesis lacks experimental exploration for further validation.

Myecetoma is one of the neglected tropical diseases, most prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions in the area known as myecetoma belt. It is caused either by fungi (eumycetes) or bacteria (actinomycetes). We suggest that, through their strong and stable, mycotoxin inhibits pain and aryl hydrocarbon receptor actions and promotes IL-17 release. Furthermore, it affects Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), which is responsible for male sexual orientation and this explains the predominance of myecetoma among men and we suggest that the size of lesion is related to the strength of COMT activity in male patients. Due to the absence of laboratory facilities, we are not able to achieve more than these suggestions, so experimental studies are recommended.

Introduction: Female Anopheles mosquitoes are the exclusive vectors of malaria parasites in Sudan, along with several metazoan parasites such as filarial worms and viruses. The sense of smell is one of the most important senses that mosquitoes use for long-range host-seeking. Carbon dioxide from the breath of humans and animals is a strong attractant of female mosquitoes. Methods: This correlational study was performed in Al-Qaddal Center for Malaria Research in Sinnar State, Sudan. In this study, individual volunteers were topically applied Ocimum bascilicum oil to test its repellency activity. O. bascilicum oil was tested at four different concentrations (30%, 50%, 70%, and 100% v/v), respectively. Results: Based on the obtained results, the oil exhibited the highest repellency activity at 100% concentration, and the average repellency rate was 100%. However, the lowest repellency activity was at 30% concentration, and the average repellency rate was 45%. Diethyltoluamide 13% (Soffell cream) was tested as a reference repellent cream and showed the same effect as O. bascilicum oil at 70% concentration, and the average repellency rate was 94%. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that O. bascilicum oil had high repellency activity against female Anopheles mosquitoes, and thus can be used as mosquito natural repellent.