Surface du Verre et Interfaces

Therapeutic Communities (TCs) are long-term residential treatment settings for individuals with substance use disorders, who often present with neuropsychological impairments. These impairments may influence treatment retention, yet little is known about their evolution in TCs or their association with dropout. This study aims to: (1) identify early risk factors for dropout; (2) investigate the potential recovery from the risk of neuropsychological impairment during an 8-mont stay in a TC; and 3) identify variables at TC entry that may predict the risk of neuropsychological impairment during follow-up. Fifty-seven residents from 3 French TCs completed clinical, substance use, and medical assessments, along with a neuropsychological screening (BEARNI) at entry. Twenty-four completed the 8-month follow-up. The dropout rate was 47%. The only significant predictor of dropout was the BEARNI total score, with residents at lower risk of neuropsychological impairment more likely to leave the TC prematurely. Among completers, BEARNI total scores improved at follow-up, primarily explained by improvements in balance rather than in cognitive areas. Lower education, unemployment, recent alcohol use, depressive symptoms, and a history of hepatic disease were consistently associated with a higher risk of neuropsychological impairment at both time points. Unlike other treatment settings, the TC care framework may be particularly appropriate and supportive for residents who are more cognitively vulnerable, as they may be better able to benefit from TCs. Motor recovery among those who remain in treatment is encouraging. However, demographic, addiction-related, and comorbidity factors are consistently associated with the risk of neuropsychological impairment, both at baseline and after 8 months, suggesting a stable and persistent influence over time. Not applicable.

PTH 2: Determinants of Health Disease and Interventions 2, B307 (FCSH), September 3, 2025, 15:45 - 16:39AimPrevious findings have indicated that immigrant smoking behaviour differs from that of the native-born population. However, certain factors identified as predictors among the general populations, such as social norms and religion, are seldom examined among immigrants. This study aims to identify demographic, social norm and religion-related determinants associated with smoking among immigrants and descendants of immigrants in the French context.MethodsA sample of immigrants and descendants of immigrant(s) in France completed a cross-sectional online survey in 2020. Data was collected on factors hypothesized to be determinants of smoking. Associations between selected covariates and smoking were quantified through multivariable logistic regression analyses. Comparability of the study sample with the source population was also assessed.ResultsSex-specific immigrant and descendant analyses revealed variation between these groups in demographic and other predictors of smoking. High odds of smoking were noted among male and female descendants of Middle Eastern and other North African origin, descendants who indicated that not smoking had negative social consequences and among female immigrants with an insufficient health literacy status. Lower odds of smoking were noted among female descendants of immigrants who practiced a religion.ConclusionsThese findings underlined the need for the inclusion of seldom-studied key determinants of smoking such as religion and social norm factors in development of smoking prevention and cessation programs that target immigrants and descendants of immigrants in France.

La division du travail peut-elle procéder d’une séparation religieuse et de pratiques rituelles distinctes ? Dans la vallée de Kaboul, les artisans appartiennent tous à des clans et rendent, selon leur filière, des services aux fidèles de plusieurs milieux religieux. Si l’histoire de leurs clans est difficile à établir, un certain nombre d’indices montrent que, à partir du xvie siècle, les mouvements hindou, sikh et musulman ont eu besoin du soutien d’artisans et d’ouvriers agricoles pour assurer leur implantation. Ces spécialistes produisent les denrées, transforment les matières, fabriquent les objets ou rendent les services qui sont indispensables aux rites quotidiens et aux célébrations occasionnelles, pourtant ils n’ont jamais été pleinement acceptés comme fidèles au sein de ces mouvements. En plus de la spécialisation professionnelle, c’est la régularité de ces échanges pour des besoins religieux qui a contribué à la division du travail dans cette région et à la formation de clans d’artisans. Nous exposerons ici cette hypothèse en nous intéressant aux artisans du métal, du coton et de l’exploitation des restes d’animaux de la ville de J̌alālābād qui transmettent encore leurs savoir-faire à leurs proches et continuent de nouer les mariages au sein de leurs clans.

Interfaces between a water droplet and a network of pillars produce eventually superhydrophobic, self-cleaning properties. Considering the surface fraction of the surface in interaction with water, it is possible to tune precisely the contact angle hysteresis (CAH) to low values, which is at the origin of the poor adhesion of water droplets, inducing their high mobility on such a surface. However, if one wants to move and position a droplet, the lower the CAH, the less precise will be the positioning on the surface. While rigid surfaces limit the possibilities of actuation, smart surfaces have been devised with which a stimulus can be used to trigger the displacement of a droplet. Light, electron beam, mechanical stimulation like vibration, or magnetism can be used to induce a displacement of droplets on surfaces and transfer them from one position to the targeted one. Among these methods, only few are reversible, leading to anisotropy-controlled orientation of the structured interface with water. Magnetically driven superhydrophobic surfaces are the most promising reprogramming surfaces that can lead to the control of wettability and droplet guidance.

When a drop laden with solid particles and suspended in a liquid passes through a narrow pore, its interface experiences strong shear and elongation, and the raft of particles may accumulate toward the back of the drop. Using well controlled formulations of Pickering drops driven at set pressure, we determine the two conditions for which solid particles are expelled from the oil-water interface after a Pickering drop passes a converging-diverging pore: (i) particles accumulation at the rear of the drop is such that surface pressure builds-up at the interface. (ii) Surface pressure relaxation by buckling is impaired by geometrical constraints. These two conditions are rationalized using three non dimensional numbers: the capillary number, the particle to pore size ratio, and the drop to particle size ratio, which allow to account for the viscous shear at the interface, the stability of the lubricating film between the pore wall and the drop, the drag on the raft of particles adsorbed at the interface, and its mechanical behaviour.