TOBB University of Economics and Technology

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are a serious medical condition that may culminate in internal bleeding and death. Clinicians are expected to assess the rupture risk of AAAs accurately to determine the mode and timing of intervention. In general practice, AAA diameter and growth rate are used as rupture risk indicators. However, numerous cases have been reported where relying solely on these two AAA characteristics has proven insufficient, suggesting that other biomechanical factors deserve further consideration. This paper aims to investigate the involvement of disturbed hemodynamics in AAA rupture. Twenty-two AAA cases that had progressed to the point where surgical intervention was necessitated were assessed to examine the flow dynamics around the rupture sites. Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), four key wall shear stress (WSS)-related hemodynamic parameters were calculated for each studied case, namely the time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS), oscillatory shear index (OSI), endothelial cell activation potential (ECAP), and relative residence time (RRT). CFD geometries were developed exclusively using patient computed tomography images, and simulations were run with general physiological boundary conditions to demonstrate a clinically practical, low-input CFD pipeline. The study found that analyzing the spatial distribution of the WSS-related hemodynamic parameters can be a powerful approach for predicting the site of rupture in AAAs. Low TAWSS and high OSI/ECAP/RRT regions (specifically within the ranges: TAWSS 0-0.5 Pa, OSI 0.35-0.5, ECAP 1.6-2.0 Pa-1, RRT 24-30) were found to be high-risk locations for rupture. Additionally, the simultaneous analysis of all four parameters was critical for rupture risk assessment.

Fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can be used for numerous civilian purposes such as passenger transport, cargo transport, crop dusting, forest fire fighting, and aerial photography. This research presents the trim, linearization, and proportional integral derivative (PID) controller design of a fixedwing aircraft. Modeling and simulation studies were carried out using MATLAB/Simulink. The created model takes elevator, aileron, rudder, and throttle as input and produces angles, angular rates, and position as output. The analyzed simulation studies confirm the success of the modeling and controller design.

Aim: The research aimed to reveal the minority charity hospitals’ contribution to Turkey’s complementary medicine. Our research material was the minority charity foundation hospitals mainly aim to serve the health needs of Orthodox, Gregorian, Catholic and Jewish societies. Nowadays, they converted their duties to private hospital care because of the decrease in the population of minorities after the 1923 population exchange, 1955 Pogrom, 1963 and 1974 Cyprus conflicts, and diaspora’s attitude against diplomatic missionns 1970 and 1980. Method: As research materials Or Ahayim, Surp Pırgic, Surp Agop ve Balıklı minority charity hospitals were researched with a historical methodology and procedures were defined. Results: The research revealed that although working as a private hospital but different from the classical concept which has been mainly established to gain profit; these minority charity foundation hospitals not only aimed to give health care to both Muslim and non-Muslim citizens but also look after the disabled and elderly members of their society. After 2014 Traditional and Complementary Medicine regulations they also use complementary medicine. Conclusion: The procedures performed in these charity hospitals, besides scientific medicine includes Traditional Medicine that defined as a health applications being used in ancient times as the knowledge of those ages that hoped to be curative for the patients and Complementary Medicine that identified as treatment methods being practised alongside with scientific medical applications with a consent and for the relief of the patients’ pain and discomfort.

The aim was to evaluate the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on the root canal microbiota and its response to antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) combined with chemomechanical preparation in asymptomatic apical periodontitis (AP), by next-generation sequencing. A total of 22 teeth with a single root and single canal, diagnosed with asymptomatic AP, were included in this study: 11 teeth from patients with T2D (T2D group) and 11 from systemically healthy individuals (Control group). Root canal samples were collected before root canal treatment and after aPDT combined with chemomechanical preparation. Following chemomechanical preparation, canals were incubated with methylene blue for 5 min and photoactivated with a 630 nm LED for 60 s. Root canal samples were collected at two time points—before treatment (Control.Pre, T2D.Pre) and after treatment (Control.aPDT, T2D.aPDT). Following propidium monoazide (PMA) treatment, genomic DNA was isolated using a silica column method and quantified fluorometrically. The V3–V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were amplified and sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Data were processed in QIIME2 with DADA2 for denoising and classified taxonomically using Human Oral Microbiome Database (HOMD). Diversity analyses and statistical evaluations (PERMANOVA and multivariable association analysis using MaAsLin3; FDR-corrected) were performed in R. A total of 44 root canal samples (Control.Pre, Control.aPDT, T2D.Pre, T2D.aPDT; n = 11) were analyzed via 16S rRNA V3–V4 sequencing, yielding 4.6 million high-quality reads and 2,745 Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs). Alpha diversity did not differ between pre and post disinfection procedure samples in healthy individuals (p > 0.05), whereas a significant reduction in observed ASV richness was detected in the T2D group after the disinfection procedures (p < 0.05). The number of ASVs shared between pre and post disinfection procedure samples was lower in the T2D group than in controls. Beta diversity based on unweighted UniFrac distances showed significant shifts after the disinfection procedures in both groups (p < 0.05), while weighted UniFrac analyses showed no significant differences (p > 0.05). Taxonomic analysis revealed a post disinfection increase in oxygen tolerant taxa and a reduction in obligate anaerobes in both groups, with more pronounced changes in the T2D group. Following chemomechanical preparation and aPDT, a pronounced restructuring of the root canal microbiota was observed in both healthy individuals and individuals with T2D. In individuals with T2D, the post-disinfection period was characterized by reduced alpha diversity and a lower number of shared ASVs, indicating more limited microbial continuity. The reduced microbial stability observed in individuals with diabetes suggests that systemic metabolic status may affect microbial responses to chemomechanical disinfection combined with aPDT.

Roma hukukunda superficies (üst hakkı), bir başkasına ait arazi üzerinde yer alan veya inşa edilen binanın bir bedel karşılığında kullanılmasına imkân sağlayan, devredilebilen ve miras yolu ile geçebilen sınırlı ayni haktır. Hakkın ortaya çıkışı ve sınırlı ayni hak olarak kabulü; hukuki, ekonomik ve sosyal olarak nitelendirilebilecek birçok nedenin etkisiyle gerçekleşmiştir. Üst hakkının ortaya çıkış nedenlerinden ilki, Roma mülkiyet hukukuna ait temel ilkelerden olan “superficies solo cedit”in uygulanmasının yarattığı sorunlardır. Nedenlerden bir diğeri, Roma toplumunun önemli bir kısmının ekonomik olarak zayıf bir konumda bulunması, konut ve işyeri ihtiyaçları karşısında kamu arazilerinin vatandaşlar arasındaki dağılımında görülen adaletsizliktir. Bunlar dışında, devlete veya özel kişilere ait arazilerin veya bu araziler üzerindeki binaların kullanımında taraflar arasındaki hukuki ilişki tespit edilirken var olan kurumların yetersiz kalması da hakkın ortaya çıkışında etkili olmuştur. Bütün bu sebepler sonucunda, arazi ile arazinin üzerini kullanan kimse arasında da bir hukuki ilişkinin kurulması gerektiği düşüncesi gelişmeye başlamıştır. Başlangıçta binayı kullanan kimseye praetor tarafından interdictum de superficiebus koruması sağlanmış, Iustinianus Dönemi’nde ise bir ayni dava olan actio de superficie’nin tanınmasıyla birlikte üst hakkı sınırlı ayni hak konumuna ulaşmıştır.

ABSTRACT This study aims to numerically investigate the Mode I and Mode II fracture behaviors of additively manufactured, degradable, bioplastic Polylactic acid (PLA). Numerical simulations for both fracture modes were performed using the eXtended finite element method (XFEM), incorporating the mechanical and fracture material properties of PLA extracted from specimens fabricated in three different build orientations (i.e., horizontal, lateral, and vertical). The maximum principal stress and fracture energy power‐law criteria were respectively utilized to model damage initiation and evolution in two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) analyses. Experimental load–displacement responses of single‐edge notched bending specimens obtained from symmetric and asymmetric four‐point bending tests were utilized to validate the Mode I and Mode II XFEM analyses, respectively. A transversely isotropic elasticity model was employed to account for the effects of build orientation. A common calibration factor was applied to the fracture and mechanical properties to ensure agreement between the numerical and experimental results. It was found that both 2D and 3D analyses are of high accuracy compared to the corresponding experimental results, with differences of 2.7%, 8%, 4.5%, and 3.6% observed for the 2D and 3D analyses of Mode I and Mode II fracture loads, respectively.

The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is rising in newly industrialized nations, yet nationally representative data from Türkiye are limited. We characterized recent epidemiologic trends, clinical features, and geographic distribution of newly diagnosed IBD across Türkiye. This retrospective multicenter cohort included adults (≥18 y) with newly diagnosed IBD at 24 gastroenterology centers spanning all 7 Turkish regions (2010-2022). Demographics, disease behavior/extent, smoking status, family history, and province of residence were collected. Temporal and regional patterns were analyzed using χ2 tests and segmented regression. Among 3463 patients, 51.1% had UC, 44.0% CD, and 0.7% IC. Males comprised 57.7%; median age at diagnosis was 30 years for CD and 32 years for UC. Annual IBD diagnoses more than doubled from 2010 to 2021. The UC-to-CD ratio increased from 0.94:1 (2010-2016) to 1.29:1 (2016-2022, P < 0.001). CD most often showed inflammatory behavior (55.5%) and ileocolonic involvement (37.1%); UC frequently presented as pancolitis (39.3%). Smoking (24.2% vs 10.9%) and family history (6.8% vs 4.5%) were more common in CD than UC (both P <0.01). Choropleth mapping revealed a west-to-east gradient, with Marmara and Aegean regions bearing the highest burden. Multivariable analysis showed UC diagnosis was independently associated with state-hospital care, residence in Central Anatolia or the Black Sea, and age ≥60 years. Incident IBD in Türkiye has risen steadily, with UC now exceeding CD. Patients predominantly present in early adulthood. Regional and hospital-level differences highlight the need for a national registry and targeted resource allocation.