Taiwan Power (Taiwan)

Renewable energy and energy storage systems rely on power converters, which lack the inherent inertia response of synchronous generators. As their penetration increases, system inertia is influenced by their control strategy. Without effective control mechanisms, inertia declines, challenging frequency stability and heightening the risk of rapid frequency drops and outages. Accurate inertia estimation is crucial for maintaining grid stability. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a variable structure recursive dynamic regressor extension and mixing for estimating inertia in renewable power system. By incorporating primary frequency control effects and simulating droop control in converters, the proposed method improves estimation accuracy. The test results from both a modified IEEE 9 bus system and a practical island renewable power system confirm its effectiveness.

Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) are rapidly growing, requiring more robust telemetry and control systems in smart grids. Based on the Taiwan Power Company’s (TPC) experience with its Energy Trading Platform (ETP), this paper proposes a distributed communication architecture to replace the traditional centralized (star topology) model, which poses risks of single points of failure and limited scalability. The proposed master–worker architecture enables dynamic task coordination and distributed data processing, enhancing system reliability and performance. Key technologies include consensus-based master election, intelligent scheduling, load balancing, and fault-tolerant communication. Supported by recent IEEE studies, this architecture offers a resilient and scalable solution for DER telemetry in modern energy trading platforms.

The transition to a sustainable energy future will result in greater dynamics of aggregated power generation and demand in distribution networks. A vast network with limited real-time measurements presents challenges in comprehensively monitoring the system status and responding promptly to localized disturbances. Sparse signal reconstruction techniques based on affine-constrained rank minimization have been proposed to estimate distribution feeder states with a few measurements, which are presumably well-suited for contexts with very limited observability. Although previous studies on matrix completion-based distribution system state estimation (MCDSSE) have demonstrated acceptable node voltage estimation performance, their effectiveness in estimating branch flow states, to monitor line and transformer loading, remains unproven in the literature. This study assesses the consistency between estimated system states obtained using a variant of the MCDSSE method and actual branch flows and node injection powers to judge the method’s applicability in distribution system monitoring with limited available measurements. The test results confirm that solving a low-rank minimization problem does not enable MCDSSE to recover a realistic AC solution in areas with insufficient measurements, and show that degenerate solutions and multiplicity appear to occur frequently. To leverage its advantage in providing complete solution of the system states, based on operator-defined visibility requirements, four fidelity-monitoring-driven MCDSSE meter placement methods were tested to enhance its acceptability for system monitoring with affordable additional measurements. Numerical examples highlighting practical implications are provided.

This study proposes a method to enhance the airtightness of the joint between the ZrO2 and Crofer alloy using coating technology. With the aid of vacuum sputtering technology, a titanium-copper alloy layer with a thickness between 1.5 μm and 6 μm was first deposited on the surface of ZrO2 and Crofer, respectively. The chemical composition of the deposited reaction layer was 70.2 Cu and 29.8 Ti in at%. Then, using silver as the base material in the reactive air brazing (RAB) process, we explore the use of this material design to improve the microstructure and reaction mechanism of the joint surface between ceramics and metal, compare the effects of different pretreatment thicknesses on the microstructure, and evaluate its effectiveness through air tightness tests. The results show that a coating of Cu-Ti alloy on the ZrO2 substrate can significantly improve bonding between the Ag filler and ZrO2. The Cu-Ti metallization layer on the ZrO2 substrate is beneficial to the RAB. After the brazing process, the coated Cu-Ti layers form suitable reaction interfaces between the filler, the metal, the filler, and the ceramic. In terms of coating layer thickness, the optimized 3 μm coated Cu-Ti alloy layer is achieved from the experiment. Melting and dissolving the Cu-Ti coated layer into the ZrO2 substrate results in a defect-free interface between the Ag-rich braze and the ZrO2. The air tightness test result shows no leakage under 2 psig at room temperature for 28 h. The pressure condition can still be maintained even under high-temperature conditions of 600 °C for 24 h.

The Gaoping Submarine Canyon (GPSC) off Southwest Taiwan has been extensively studied due to its unique geology, the role of transferring terrestrial material to the deep sea, and diverse biological communities. However, there is a lack of understanding of carbon cycling across the sediment-water interface in the canyon. This study aims to fill the gap by utilizing the field data collected between 2014 and 2020 and the Linear Inverse Model (LIM) to reconstruct the benthic food web (i.e., carbon flows through different stocks) in the head of GPSC and the upper Gaoping slope (GS). The biotic 15 and abiotic organic carbon (OC) stocks were significantly higher on the slope than in the canyon, except for the bacteria stock. The sediment oxygen utilization was similar between the two habitats, but the magnitude and distribution of the OC flow in the food web were distinctively different. Despite a significant input flux of ~1400 mg C m -2 d -1 in the canyon, 85% of the carbon flux exited the system, while 14% was buried. On the slope, 75% of the OC input (~105 mg C m -2 d -1 ) was buried, and only 11% exited the system. Bacteria processes play a major role in the carbon fluxes within the canyon. In 20 contrast, the food web in the upper slope exhibited stronger interactions among metazoans, indicated by higher fluxes between meiofauna and macrofauna compartments. Network indices based on the LIM outputs showed that the canyon head had higher total system throughput (T..) and total system through flow (TST), indicating greater energy flowing through the system. In contrast, the slope had a significantly higher Finn cycling Index (FCI), average mutual information (AMI), and longer OC turnover time, suggesting a relatively more stable ecosystem with higher energy recycling. Due to 25 sampling limitations, the present study only represents the benthic food web during the "dry" season. By integrating the field data into a food web model, this study provides valuable insight into the fates of OC cycling in an active submarine canyon, focusing on the often overlooked benthic communities. Future studies should include "wet" season sampling to reveal the effects of typhoons and monsoon rainfalls on OC cycling. Submarine canyons are V-shaped valleys with steep walls carved into continental margins (Shepard, 1981) . These canyons are crucial in transporting sediments and organic matter from the continental shelves to the deep ocean basins (Vetter and

This paper proposed a monolithic GaN IC for a 4SV-to-72V boost converter which includes a GaN power device, power diode, gate driver with the internal bootstrap circuit to fully turn on the GaN power device, and control stage. Because GaN applications involve high switching frequency and high voltages, the parasitic components, especially the parasitic inductance of the printed circuit board (PCB) would greatly affect the switching performance and switching frequency. Therefore, this paper presents a monolithic enhancement-mode GaN IC that reduces the parasitic components which reduces the voltage spike that appears at the power device. Compared to the conventional structures of gate drivers, this work not only improves the output rising (falling) time of the gate driver in output stage but also ensures the gate-source voltage of every GaN device in the gate driver operates less than VDD. This work was fabricated in TSMC 0.5$-\mu$m GaN process and experimentally verified.