Tata Main Hospital

The genus Blumea (Asteraceae) comprises aromatic herbaceous plants widely distributed in tropical Asia and well represented in eastern India. The present account synthesizes field observations and local knowledge on Blumea species occurring in East Singhbhum district, Jharkhand, with particular emphasis on morphology, medicinal use, habitat preference, distribution, and ecological interactions with insects. Species such as Blumea flava, B. fistulosa, B. lacera, B. axillaris, and allied taxa were recorded from forest edges, grasslands, roadside vegetation, and disturbed habitats around Dalma, Jamshedpur, Musabani, and Ghatshila. Local communities utilize these plants extensively for respiratory, digestive, febrile, and dermatological ailments. Flowering Blumea species attract a wide assemblage of insects including butterflies, bees, moths, ants, and beetles, indicating their role as important nectar and pollen resources. The study highlights Blumea species as key components linking traditional medicine with ecosystem functioning in Jharkhand’s forested landscapes.

A growing body of research links diabetes to cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), possibly through mutual pathological mechanisms. This study explores the role of gut microbiota, specifically the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus casei (L. casei), in diabetes-induced AD (DI-AD). Using a rat model injected with streptozotocin (STZ), we assessed the effects of L. casei, donepezil (DNP), and their combination over a 21-day period. L. casei significantly improved cognitive function in behavioural tests, increased antioxidant enzyme (SOD) levels, and reduced oxidative stress marker (MDA) levels. RT-PCR analysis showed enhanced beneficial gut bacteria and reduced E. coli, indicating improved gut health. Additionally, L. casei treatment lowered amyloid-β levels and reduced neurodegeneration in both gut and hippocampal tissues. These results suggest that L. casei, especially when combined with DNP, may protect against DI-AD by modulating gut microbiota and reducing neuroinflammation and amyloid pathology, offering a promising therapeutic approach.

Compared to other overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms, incontinence has a more negative impact on quality of life and is frequently challenging to treat with antimuscarinic monotherapy. This study's goal was to compare the safety, tolerability, and effectiveness of a combination of solifenacin 5 mg and mirabegron 25 mg or 50 mg versus solifenacin 5 mg in patients with OAB. In a tertiary care hospital, 258 individuals with overactive bladders participated in a randomised controlled open-label research to examine the safety and efficacy of mirabegron as a supplement to solifenacin. Randomisation was used to assign patients to one of three groups: those receiving solifenacin (5 mg) with mirabegron (25 mg), solifenacin (5 mg) plus mirabegron (50 mg) or solifenacin (5 mg) monotherapy. OABSS was used to examine the patients. A change in the OABSS from baseline to end of treatment (EOT) was the main outcome measure. This research also examined the safety and tolerability of combination treatment in comparison to solifenacin monotherapy. All combinations with solifenacin five substantially improved the OAB symptoms score as compared to solifenacin 5 mg monotherapy. When compared to solifenacin 5 mg, both combination groups significantly decreased the frequency of micturition. Although there were no dose-related differences between the combination and monotherapy groups in terms of TEAEs, blood pressure, pulse rate, PVR volume, or laboratory or ECG parameters, combination medication did result in a slightly higher frequency of constipation. When compared to solifenacin 5 mg monotherapy, combination therapy with solifenacin/mirabegron markedly improved OABSS, micturition frequency, and urgency. When compared to monotherapy, all combinations were well tolerated and showed no significant extra safety concerns.

Birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) is a critical strategy to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes by reducing delays in accessing skilled care. Despite its importance, knowledge levels remain inadequate, particularly among primigravid women. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a companion-integrated BPCR (CI-BPCR) awareness package in improving knowledge and childbirth experience among primigravid women in Eastern India. A quasi-experimental study was conducted at two tertiary care hospitals serving comparable demographic populations. Eighty primigravid women (40 per group) were enrolled through purposive sampling. The intervention group received a structured CI-BPCR awareness package at 28-32 weeks of gestation, incorporating education on birth preparedness, danger sign recognition, and birth companion training through interactive sessions. The control group received standard antenatal care. Knowledge was assessed at baseline and 2 weeks postintervention using a validated questionnaire adapted from the JHPIEGO tool. Childbirth experience was evaluated 24-48 h postpartum using the Childbirth Experience Questionnaire. Thirty-five participants per group completed the study. The intervention group demonstrated significant improvements in knowledge across all domains: birth preparedness, danger signs in pregnancy, labor, puerperium, and newborn ( P < 0.001). Childbirth experience was significantly better in the intervention group across dimensions of own capacity ( P < 0.001), professional support ( P < 0.001), perceived safety ( P = 0.003), participation ( P = 0.001), and sense of security ( P < 0.001). Pain levels showed no significant difference ( P = 0.607). The CI-BPCR awareness package significantly improved knowledge and childbirth experience among primigravid women, demonstrating its potential for integration into routine antenatal care in resource-limited settings.

Background The fast-paced acceptance of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in various sectors of society, such as health, the judiciary, and education, has had several socio-ethical, legal, and human rights consequences. While AI technologies allow for more efficiency and specialization in decision-making processes, the use of such technologies in very sensitive spheres of social life brings with it great potential dangers, such as bias, discrimination, and violation of privacy. Methods The analysis was performed using Biblioshiny, which is the web interface of the Bibliometric R-package and VOSviewer, to ascertain trends in publication rates, citation impact, keyword development, concentration of journals, institutional affiliations, and inter-country contributions. A co-word and cluster analysis was also performed to show the current dominant and emerging themes of the literature and the thematic evolution from 2018 to 2025. The (theo–context–characteristics–methodology TCCM () framework was applied to analyze the theoretical, contextual, characteristic, and methodological gaps in the literature. Results Most of the heavier hits and influential research are found in only a small number of journals and institutions, mainly located in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia. There is a predominance of the themes of AI ethics, governance, and data protection. New themes, such as AI governance and algorithmic accountability, have become apparent in recent years. Conclusions This study contributes to the research in the area in that it provides a comprehensive overview of the developments in AI ethics and human rights and also notes the major gaps in this area. A future agenda for research using the TCCM framework is presented, whereby a call is made for the integration of formal ethical theories into the sphere, a move to empirical methodologies, and enhancement of the geographic and sectoral spread of research.

Spindle cell malignancies of the oral cavity are uncommon and pose considerable diagnostic challenges due to overlapping histomorphology and immunohistochemical features. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) with heterologous differentiation is particularly rare. Moreover, its coexistence with a synchronous hematological malignancy such as small cell lymphoma (SLL) is exceedingly unusual. A male 62 year, presented with a progressively enlarging, pigmented, ulcero-proliferative painless mass over the right upper alveolus extending to the hard palate. Imaging revealed a heterogeneously enhancing mass with cervical lymphadenopathy. Initial punch biopsy suggested fibroma/low-grade spindle cell neoplasm, but frozen biopsy raised the suspicion of malignant melanoma or spindle cell sarcoma. The patient underwent right upper alveolectomy with bilateral modified radical neck nodal dissection (MRND). Histopathological evaluation revealed spindle cell morphology with heterologous melanin pigmentation, favoring MPNST with dedifferentiation. Extensive nodal dissection (134 lymph nodes) revealed small cell lymphoma (SLL, stage I) in a few nodes. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) confirmed a dual primary malignancy -MPNST with rhabdomyoblastic and smooth muscle differentiation coexisting with SLL. This case illustrates the uniqueness of synchronous dual malignancies involving MPNST and SLL, a combination rarely documented in the oral cavity. The diagnostic challenge lay in distinguishing spindle cell malignancies with overlapping features, requiring multidisciplinary approach and IHC testing. The patient was managed with complete surgical excision and adjuvant radiotherapy (60Gy/30 Fractions), with no evidence of systemic lymphoma or metastasis. for six weeks. At two yrs follow up, the patient remained disease free, highlighting the favorable outcome despite the complexity of diagnosis.

The industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) setting produces volumes of heterogeneous data that are interconnected, and anomaly detection is an essential part of the reliability, security, and efficiency of the system. The use of edge computing allows the analysis to be done nearer to data sources, which minimizes latency and reliance on cloud-based centralized data warehouses. The current anomaly detection solutions of IIoT usually use the traditional machine learning or shallow deep learning models, which cannot cope with the presence of high-dimensional data, low generalization, and large communication, resulting in poor accuracy and slow reaction. To solve these issues, this paper develops the Edge- IIoT Anomaly Framework (EIAF) that incorporates transfer learning with ResNet50 and an autoencoder that is deployed on the edge devices. ResNet50 will be utilized to extract highly detailed, transferable IIoT data stream feature representations, and an autoencoder will be utilized to recreate patterns successfully to detect anomaly indicators of outliers. This synergy improves the accuracy of the detection and reduces the use of resources. The proposed framework is especially appropriate in real-time monitoring of the industrial environment, where it is possible to detect faults before they occur and conduct proactive maintenance and prevent cyber-physical threats. Experimental results show that EIAF outperforms the current methods in accuracy on detecting the anomalies (by 97.2 percent), decreasing false positive rate (by 2 percent), and having a lower latency (178 ms), and a 94.5 percent reduction in resources consumption, which proves its suitability to serve as a solid and scalable solution to intelligent IIoT systems.

Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a vital first-line diagnostic tool in evaluating lymphadenopathy, particularly in the head and neck region, where malignancies often present with nodal enlargement. Historically, the lack of a standardised reporting system for lymph node cytology has resulted in interobserver variability and inconsistent diagnoses. The Sydney System, introduced in 2019, provided a structured five-tier framework, which was further refined by the newly proposed World Health Organisation (WHO) Reporting System for Lymph Node, Spleen, and Thymus Cytopathology (2024). This study aims to assess the diagnostic performance of the proposed Sydney system in the context of head and neck lymphadenopathy and determine the associated risk of malignancy (ROM) for each diagnostic category. A retrospective-prospective study was conducted on 295 cases of cervical and supraclavicular lymphadenopathy evaluated through FNAC, with or without ultrasound guidance, after institutional ethical clearance. ROM values were calculated and compared with those previously published in the literature for the years 2024 and 2025. Ancillary techniques, such as ROSE and cell block preparations, as well as immunohistochemistry, were employed as necessary. The study demonstrated high sensitivity (89.9%), specificity (92.9%) and diagnostic accuracy (90.47%). The ROM varied across diagnostic categories, with the highest in malignant cases and the lowest in benign cases. No cases were reported as atypia of undetermined significance (AUS), reflecting effective clinicoradiological correlation. When plotted as an ROC curve, the present study demonstrates a strong diagnostic ability (AUC≈0.91). FNAC, when interpreted using a standardised system like the WHO or Sydney framework, remains an effective, minimally invasive and cost-efficient diagnostic tool. It enhances communication, reduces diagnostic ambiguity and facilitates streamlined treatment planning, particularly in resource-limited settings.