Tele & Radio Research Institute

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex ecosystem of cells, signaling molecules, and extracellular matrix components that profoundly influence cancer progression. Among the key players in the TME, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have gained increasing attention for their diverse and influential roles. CAFs are activated fibroblasts found abundantly within the TME of various cancer types. CAFs contribute significantly to tumor progression by promoting angiogenesis, remodeling the extracellular matrix, and modulating immune cell infiltration. In order to influence the microenvironment, CAFs engage in cross-talk with immune cells, cancer cells, and other stromal components through paracrine signaling and direct cell-cell interactions. This cross-talk can result in immunosuppression, tumor cell proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, contributing to disease progression. Emerging evidence suggests that CAFs play a crucial role in therapy resistance, including resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. CAFs can modulate the tumor response to treatment by secreting factors that promote drug efflux, enhance DNA repair mechanisms, and suppress apoptosis pathways. This paper aims to understand the multifaceted functions of CAFs within the TME, discusses cross-talk between CAFs with other TME cells, and sheds light on the contibution of CAFs to therapy resistance. Targeting CAFs or disrupting their cross-talk with other cells holds promise for overcoming drug resistance and improving the treatment efficacy of various cancer types.

Switched reluctance motors (SRMs) are still under development to maximise their already proven usefulness.Amagnetic circuit of theSRMcan be made of soft magnetic composites (SMCs). The SMCs are composed of iron powder with dielectric and have a lot of advantages in comparison to commonly used electrical steel. The paper deals with the modelling and analysis of theSRMproduced by Emerson Electric Co. forwashing machines. Numerical calculations and modelling were done using the FEMM 4.2 program. Magnetic flux densities and magnetic flux lines were calculated, as well as electromagnetic torque and inductance for changing the position of a stator to a rotor. The obtained results were compared with other measurement results and are quite similar. The developed numerical model will be used for the project of a motor with an SMC magnetic circuit.

Wire bonds are one of the most common interconnects used in microelectronics; however, their application to millimeter wave monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) may severely decrease the overall system performance due to transmission loss, radiation loss, and impedance mismatch. The goal of this work was to optimize a wire-bonded patch antenna to minimize losses and maximize the gain in the frequency range from 81 to 83 GHz. Optimization was based on electromagnetic simulations of different variants of the wire bond. Results show that the optimized structure demonstrates two major advantages. Firstly, it does not require any external matching network; hence, it can be directly connected to a contact pad of an MMIC die. Secondly, the wire bond radiation effect is utilized to enhance the patch antenna gain at the broadside direction.

Efficient electrical impedance imaging fault detection in grounding grid is necessary. In this article, we propose an optimized differential-multigrid-homotopy (MG-HT) algorithm for grounding grid impedance imaging. To enhance the iteration speed, we introduced an optimized differential algorithm to obtain the Jacobian matrix and derive calculation methods for the 2-D constraint operator and interpolation operator. Moreover, we utilize multigrid fast iteration and HT methods simultaneously to improve the rapidity and ill-posedness of the inverse problem. We validate the proposed algorithm through numerical simulations and experimental studies. First, we verify the time and convergence of the optimized differential algorithm for solving the Jacobian matrix. Second, we investigate the CPU time and convergence of image reconstruction based on the Tikhonov algorithm, HT algorithm, and MG-HT algorithm under different ground grid fault scenarios and noise levels. The simulation and experimental results show that the optimized differential-MG-HT algorithm has better robustness and convergence.

Wydawnictwo SIGMA-NOT wydaje czasopisma fachowe informujące swoich czytelników o najnowszych osiągnięciach naukowych i nowoczesnych rozwiązaniach technicznych w Polsce i na świecie, popularyzuje problemy techniczne oraz poszerza wiedzę i kulturę techniczną.

Application of permanent magnets bonded by rubber is still growing, especially in the automotive industry. Magnetic and mechanical properties of permanent rubber magnets can be tailored by a production's technology and a magnet's composition. Permanent magnets bonded by rubber are produced by a method called calendaring. Physical properties of rubber bonded permanent magnets depend on a type and amount of hard magnetic powder in a mixture with rubber. Anisotropic strontium ferrite powder and spherical isotropic Nd-Fe-B alloy powder were used in research. The results of measurements show that with an increasing amount of ferrite powder magnetic properties and Shore hardness increase whereas tensile strength decreases. Addition of Nd-Fe-B powder to the mixture instead of some ferrite slightly increases magnetic properties of magnets.

A positive trend towards circular economy in many domains has been observed. This approach is based on reuse, repair activities that would lead to new functional device or a retrofitting that would lead to a new product. The standard period of use of mobile electronic devices is short and although the device as whole or partly might be still functional it usually is recycled as whole. It has been proven that recycling might not be the optimal way to source the materials that would be reused as there is possibility of the use of the components almost "as is" to bring them to second lift. The presented article focuses on the ball grid array (BGA) chips that are often used in nowadays electronic devices. The sourced chips were retrofitted to a new design devices that has been tested.

This paper presents the biological aspect of the interaction of magnetic fields on living organisms, the types of signals used for therapy and physical rehabilitation, and the method of their preparation. The block diagram of the controller with the touch panel is presented and its functions are discussed.

Wydawnictwo SIGMA-NOT wydaje czasopisma fachowe informujące swoich czytelników o najnowszych osiągnięciach naukowych i nowoczesnych rozwiązaniach technicznych w Polsce i na świecie, popularyzuje problemy techniczne oraz poszerza wiedzę i kulturę techniczną.

1. Opracowanie rekordu w ramach umowy 509/P-DUN/2018 ze środkow MNiSW przeznaczonych na dzialalnośc upowszechniającą nauke (2019).