Textile Institute of Pakistan

Abstract BACKGROUND The rising atmospheric CO 2 concentration, driven primarily by industrial emissions, has heightened the need for advanced carbon capture materials. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), particularly Ni‐MOF‐74, offer high CO 2 adsorption potential but suffer from structural fragility and limited performance under ambient conditions. To address these limitations, a GO@Ni‐MOF‐74/PZ composite was synthesized via a solvothermal method, incorporating graphene oxide (GO) to improve structural stability and piperazine (PZ) as a nitrogen‐rich functional agent to enhance CO 2 affinity. RESULTS Comprehensive characterization using various techniques confirmed the successful integration of GO and PZ without compromising MOF crystallinity, while significantly increasing surface area and micropore volume. The CO 2 adsorption capacity improved from 4.5 mmol g −1 for pristine Ni‐MOF‐74 to 5.2 mmol g −1 for GO@Ni‐MOF‐74/PZ at 1 bar and 25 °C. Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations showed good agreement with experimental adsorption trends and relative uptake behavior, providing molecular‐level insights into the adsorption mechanism. Adsorption data were further analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich and Sips isotherm models, enabling quantitative evaluation of site affinity, surface heterogeneity and maximum uptake capacity. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that GO‐functionalized Ni‐MOF‐74 combined with amine‐based modification offers a promising pathway toward efficient and scalable CO 2 capture technologies. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

Objective: To investigate the potential relation between dynamic thiol homeostasis and blood transfusion in the pediatric intensive care unit. Methods: Blood samples were collected from pediatric intensive care patients before and after erythrocyte suspension transfusion and from donor blood additionally to measure thiol levels. The study involved 30 patients, including nine females, and a total of 90 blood samples from patients and donors were analyzed. Results: Prior to transfusion, Total Thiol (TT) and Native Thiol (NT) were 414.77 ± 156.14 (μmol/L) and 272.63 ± 115.75 (μmol/L), respectively, and post-transfusion, they were found to decrease to 398.07 ± 187.38 (μmol/L) and 258.97 ± 136.2 (μmol/L), respectively. However, no statistically significant difference was observed between pre- and post-transfusion values. In post-transfusion blood samples, there was a significant increase in Disulfide/TT and Disulfide/NT ratios, indicating an increase in oxidation (34.79 ± 92.34 and 51.89 ± 68.51, respectively), yet no statistical difference was noted. Conclusion: Transfusions administered in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit were associated with a decrease in total and native thiol levels, indicative of increased oxidative stress, despite the lack of statistically significant differences. To mitigate the potential negative impact on patients with high oxidative properties after transfusions, strengthening the antioxidant defense system is recommended. Research should be planned to develop suitable strategies for enhancing the antioxidant defense system and ensuring patients' resilience to this condition.

The usage of natural dyes as environmentally suitable dyeing methods has extended during the recent years. The prime focus of this research is on the extraction and purification of natural dyes from eucalyptus leaves. With its numerous applications, eucalyptus leaves are highly valued for their diverse application, particularly as a rich source of natural colours. Quercetin is the primary colouring component in eucalyptus leaves. It has been utilized as a food dye with strong antioxidant properties and as an antioxidant. The goal of this research is to dye Tencel fabric using eucalyptus leaf-derived natural dye. The dye was extracted by using an ultrasonic extraction technique. Different ratios of the two mordants copper sulfate and ferrous sulphate were applied. Dyeing was carried out with different temperatures and concentrations and the pre-mordanting method was used for mordanting. The dyed Tencel fabric displayed a good colour strength of (K/S = 4.72), CIELAB values, and good to excellent light fastness (5), wash (4-5), perspiration (4-5), and rubbing (dry and wet = 4-5) fastness properties.

Resumo: A busca pelo aumento da eficiência dos processos na produção de biocombustíveis é constante. Desde a utilização de diferentes produtos primários para a produção de combustíveis até a utilização de reagentes capazes de catalisar o processo. Neste sentido, o objetivo presente é entender como os catalisadores, na área de biocombustível, estão sendo discutidos nas pesquisas científicas atualmente. Será possível entender os assuntos mais discutidos, e para onde a área se encaminha. Utilizando a base de dados Scopus para realizar a busca de artigos científicos relacionados ao assunto foram encontrados 12913 documentos. Para a análise destes dados foi utilizado o programa VOSviewer para correlacionar os termos citados nos artigos e realizar conexões e inter-relacionar os mesmos. Com a informação dada pelo programa foram obtidas informações como o assunto mais discutido atualmente.

Abstract The waste effluents of two different dyes including one vat dye Indigo and one sulphur dye (Stay Black) were treated using continuous electrocoagulation (EC) technique at a denim dyeing plant. A coagulator reactor of 3 L capacity was designed to treat 7.9 L/h to 65.4 L/h of the dye wastewater. Process parameters like pH, flow rate, number of electrodes and material of electrodes were optimised to obtain maximum decrease in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and colour of the effluents before discharge. It was found that by controlling process parameters, COD can be reduced up to 79% and 90% for low concentrated Indigo and sulphur Stay Black dyes, respectively, with a reduction of colour value 98% and 70%, respectively, while for higher effluent concentrations EC efficiency was reported for 81% and 72.3% colour and COD removal, respectively, for indigo dye and 89.3% and 77.6% colour and COD removal, respectively, for sulphur dye. Hence results of the proposed study could provide important information to design a scale up large reactor unit to commercially apply on denim dyeing discharge and control pollution limits of sulphur and sulphates during denim dyeing.

Birçok doku, normal fizyolojik olaylar veya yaralanmaya yanıt olarak çoğalma ve yenilenme yeteneğine sahiptir. Kök hücrelerin bu benzersiz nitelikleri, organizma yaşlandıkça doku homeostazisinde oluşan kayıplar, proliferatif ve dejeneratif hastalıklara neden olmaktadır. Organizma yaşlanmasıyla sadece kök hücreye özgü değişiklikler değil, aynı zamanda çeşitli dokularda kök hücre işlevini ve rejeneratif kapasiteyi de etkileyen yerel ve sistemik koşullarda da değişiklikler meydana gelmektedir. Erişkin kök hücreler, kendi kendini yenileme ve çoklu hücre tiplerine farklılaşma yeteneği ile karakterizedir. Her ne kadar ölümsüz olarak kabul edilseler de replikatif yaşlanmaya tabi olmadıkları için hasar birikimine duyarlılık göstermektedirler. Kök hücrelerde yaşa bağlı işlev bozukluğu, hem hücreye özgü hem de hücre dışı mekanizmalardan kaynaklanmaktadır. Sürekli olarak yenilenen dokularda, kök hücre ve organ düzeyinde yaşlanmayı ayırt edebilmek için kök hücrelerin yaşlanmasına etki eden faktörleri anlamak gerekmektedir. Kök hücre fonksiyonundaki gerileme, organizmanın sağlığı ve canlılığı üzerinde etkisi olan doku fizyolojisinde değişikliklere neden olur. Hücresel yaşlanmanın altında yatan mekanizmalar; telomer yıpranması, proteostazdaki değişiklikler, epigenetik ortamdaki kaymalar, DNA hasarı, mutasyon yükü ve mitokondriyal işlev bozukluğu gibi içsel değişiklikleri içermektedir. Ek olarak dışsal değişiklikler, yerel niş/ makroçevresel değişikliklerden sistemik seviye değişikliklerine, ışın tedavisi, patojen ve reaktif oksijene maruz kalma gibi daha yüksek seviyeli çevresel zararlara kadar değişebilir. Bu derlemede, kök hücre popülasyonlarının yaşlanmaları, yaşlanmalarına etki eden faktörler ve yaşlanmaya karşı kullanılan ajanlar ele alınmaktadır.

Scorpion venom is a substance that shows strong neurotoxic effects with its complex protein content and thus plays an important role for the scorpion in catching and digesting the hunt. Human body stung by a scorpion can show life-threatening systemic effects in a short time, ranging from erythema, pain, edema and local fever to abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, diplopia and even coma. Scorpion venome is known to possess antimicrobial activity, and some of its compounds have potent antibacterial and antifungal activities. Leishmaniasis is a common vector-borne parasitic infection caused by Leishmania sp. protozoa and can lead skin, mucosa and fatal internal organs involvement in patients . There is a need for new drugs in the treatment of leishmaniasis, because it has been documented lately that there is a growing resistance against antimonial compounds which have been used in its treatment for decades. Leishmania species are known to be susceptible to antimicrobial peptides that act as ion-channel inhibitors, which are known to be present in scorpion venome. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the anti-leishmanial activity of scorpion venome extract obtained from Androctonus crassicauda species in our country. In this context, Leishmania tropica promastigotes which were thawed from liquid nitrogen in our laboratory and first grown in NNN and then RPMI-1640 media, were exposed to different dilutions of the extract containing A.crassicauda venom and meglumine antimonate used in the standard treatment of leishmaniasis and the efficacies on the promastigotes were compared and measured in vitro. This was followed by XTT cell viability test, which assessed whether anti-leishmanial dose of the extract was lethal for human cells or not. Trials showed that the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of the venome extract and meglumine antimoniate were 18.12 µg/ml (17.33-18.94) and 8.411 µg/ml (7.922- 8.927), respectively. This preliminary study showed that scorpion venome can be lethal on L.tropica promastigotes in vitro, on relatively higher doses compared to meglumine antimonate. Next step will be to determine the anti-leishmanial proteins in the extract and thus to identify new drug candidates with more specific studies.