The French Institute for International and Strategic Affairs

La crise de la Covid-19 oblige à revoir la stratégie industrielle de défense de l’Europe. Il est nécessaire de définir et de construire une politique crédible permettant de consolider la BITDE, en acceptant des restructurations et des mises en commun des moyens de production. Cette ambition est indispensable désormais.

BackgroundThe GABAA-α5 receptor antagonist S44819 is a promising candidate to enhance functional recovery after acute ischemic stroke (IS). S44819 is currently evaluated in this indication; RESTORE brain study started in Dec 2016 and was completed in March 2019.Methods/designThe study is a 3-month international, randomized, double-blind, parallel group, placebo-controlled phase II multicentre study. Patients in 14 countries who suffered an IS leading to a moderate or severe deficit defined by NIHSS score ranging from 7 to 20 and are aged between 18 to 85 years are included between 3 and 8 days after the stroke onset. Approximately 580 patients are to be included.The primary objective of the study is to demonstrate the superiority of at least one of the two doses of S44819 (150 or 300 mg bid) compared to placebo on top of usual care on functional recovery measured with the modified Rankin scale at 3 months. Comparisons between two doses of S44819 and placebo are assessed with ordinal logistic regression evaluating the odds of shifting from one category to the next in the direction of a better outcome at day 90. Secondary objectives include the evaluation of S44819 effects on neurological examination using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale total score, activities of daily living using the Barthel Index total score, and cognitive performance using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale total score and Trail Making Test times. Safety and tolerability of the two doses of S44819 will also be analyzed.DiscussionThe RESTORE BRAIN study might represent the first proof of concept study of an innovative therapeutic approach that is primarily based on enhancing functional recovery after IS.Trial registrationRandomized Efficacy and Safety Trial with Oral S 44819 after Recent ischemic cerebral Event, an international, multi-centre, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled phase II study. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02877615; Eudract 2016–001005-16. Registered 24 August 2016

espanolThe 2019 European Elections were portrayed as an occasion for the extreme-right and radical right to become majoritarian, or at least, to gain enough importance to block the European integration. The press echoed these efforts of achieving a union of all populist and Eurosceptic right-wing parties in one parliamentarian bloc. However, the end result was not what was expected: the extreme-right is marginalized and the radical right, whose program focuses on nation survival, immigration, and identity, is still fragmented in the new European Parliament. portuguesAs eleicoes de maio de 2019 para o Parlamento Europeu foram apresentadas pela extrema-direita e pela direita radical como a ocasiao para se tornarem maioritarias ou, pelo menos, com peso suficiente para bloquear o aprofundamento da construcao europeia. A comunicacao social repercutiu esses esforcos para alcancar a uniao de todos os partidos populistas e euroceticos de direita num grupo parla‑ mentar. No entanto, os resultados do escrutinio sao reduzidos: a extrema-direita encontra-se marginalizada e as direitas radicais, cujo programa se articula em torno da sobrevivencia nacional, da imigracao e da identidade, permanecem fragmentadas no seio da nova assembleia.

L’Iris n’est pas uniquement un Think Tank dédié à la recherche. C’est également un outil de formation aux relations internationales. Iris Sup’ contribue ainsi à élargir le vivier de compétences autour de l’analyse géopolitique, s’appuyant sur les spécificités de l’Iris et permettant une réelle ouverture à ses étudiants.

Partir se battre pour le djihad s’inscrit dans une tradition ancienne d’aller faire la guerre au nom d’une cause supérieure qui dépasse le cadre normal de la citoyenneté. À l’heure des réseaux sociaux, cette volonté d’agir s’appuie sur une vision rétrograde mais dangereuse du monde.

2575 Background: Preclinical data indicate that abexinostat enhances sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents, such as doxorubicin, particularly when administered 48h before infusion. A phase I dose-esca...

Aims: Cardiac interleukin-1 beta (IL1-β) production is enhanced acutely after myocardial infarction and is involved in myocardial damages. We tested if early and delayed IL1-β modulation by IL-1β modulating antibody, gevokizumab, prevent left ventricular (LV) remodeling and endothelial dysfunction induced by LV ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in diabetic rats (GK). Methods: Gevokizumab (Gevo; 10 mg/kg) was administered 1 hour (early) or 7 days (delayed) following reperfusion, after a 20 min of transient ischemia induced by LV artery occlusion and continued every week for 90 days. Delayed perindopril 1 mg/kg was used as a control. LV remodeling and function were assessed by echocardiography at 7 and 90 days. LV hemodynamics (Millar catheterization) and relaxation of isolated coronary arteries to acetylcholine were evaluated at 90 days. Results: At 7 days, early Gevo limited the early LV expansion and reduction of FS induced by I/R (Table). At 90 days, early, delayed Gevo and perindopril limited in a similar manner, the LV late dilatation, the reduction of FS and LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction induced by I/R (Table). At 90 days, GK coronary endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine was impaired by I/R (59±13 vs. 17±4%, p<0.05). Early, delayed Gevo and perindopril prevented (86±4, 92±2 and 98±1% respectively; p<0.05 vs GK+I/R) coronary endothelial dysfunction. Table 1. LV remodeling and function LVDD, LV diastolic diameter; LVFS, LV fractional shortening; LVESP and LVEDP, LV end-systolic and end-diastolic pressures; LVESPVR and LVEDPVR, LV end-systolic and end-diastolic pressure volume relations. *p<0.05 vs GK; †p<0.05 vs GK I/R. Conclusion: In a clinically relevant model of I/R, the IL-1β modulating antibody, gevokizumab, started early or late after myocardial reperfusion exerts beneficial cardiovascular effects.