The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration

Novel measures in Russian family and demographic policy include support for women who have given birth while pursuing vocational education. This is driven by the government’s concerns about the postponement of motherhood, and by a desire to reduce the risks of economic vulnerability for this group of women with children. In this paper we examine the social factors underlying the onset of motherhood at the ages of highest educational activity. We also explore whether childbirth disrupts a woman’s subsequent educational trajectory, considering vocational education and childbirth as significant events within the framework of one’s life path. The empirical basis for the study is data coming from ten waves of the HSE cohort survey “Trajectories in Education and Career” (2011–2021). The analysis includes women born in 1995–1996 who participated in all waves (N = 992). Their educational and reproductive trajectories were constructed for the period up to age 26. The results of the event sequence and regression analyses revealed that the differentiation between the life trajectories including and not including childbirth before the age of 26 has a more pronounced social gradient than the differentiation within the group of those who gave birth before the age of 26. The study elicits selection to the group of young women becoming mothers sooner compared to the population average, and this selection is driven by such factors as place of residence, the human capital of the parental family, educational orientations, and life plans declared before the age of vocational education. Additionally the birth of a child during vocational education generally does not disrupt the educational trajectory of a young woman and does not lead to incomplete education.

The subject of study is the category of "virtual reality," as examined by the authors in the context of multiplayer online games.The purpose of the article is to analyze modern approaches to defining the concept of virtual reality and the relationships arising from the circulation of virtual reality objects. The research methodology incorporates general scientific methods, as well as a comparative research method and a formal legal approach.Results. An analysis of modern approaches to defining the concept of virtual reality and the relationships arising from the circulation of virtual reality objects suggests both the possibility and the necessity of regulating such relationships, particularly in the context of online games. In identifying the philosophical basis of this study, the authors of the article believe that the ontological principle of virtual reality lies in overcoming the limitations of human nature within a virtual environment. The desire to regulate all aspects of human life is excessive and does not lead to the desired consequences. However, virtual gaming actions will be subject to real law if the participant understands that their actions will have consequences in the real world. To support their position, the authors apply the so-called "magic circle theory": the rules in the game space differ from those in the real world until a violation of the game rules is detected, leading to negative consequences for the copyright holder in reality.The authors focus on the relationships that develop between participants in multiplayer online games. These relationships are used as an example of virtual reality, which has been insufficiently studied from a legal perspective and lacks qualified legal regulation.The authors identify three main approaches developed in legal scholarship regarding the description of virtual reality, gameplay, its objects, and relationships: reification of virtual world objects by applying property law to the relevant relationships; consideration of the relationships between players transferring game assets as services for modifying game parameters; and description of the relationships between players as the transfer of a claim (a claim) between the initial and subsequent users of virtual property under a contract for the provision of services for organizing the game process (an agreement between the initial user and the game organizer).In examining the legal classification of relationships between players regarding the alienation of various in-game items in multiplayer online games, the authors seek to answer the question: are such transactions permissible, do they have legal significance, and which legal institution and branch of law should regulate the actions of players? The article concludes that in these cases, a transfer of rights of claim (right of claim) occurs between the users-players: the right of claim against the game developer, arising from the agreement with the gaming organization, is transferred. Currently, this classification of relationships is considered optimal, but it is temporary. According to the authors, neither property law nor contract law in their traditional forms can serve as a full-fledged regulator of virtual reality; sooner or later, courts and legislators will be forced to recognize virtual property as a special type of social relationship.

The paper examines axiological and discursive shifts in the Russian state communicative space of 2025, focusing on one of the year’s central lexical and semantic units, “birth rate”, which was selected as the winner of the Presidential Academy’s project “Word of the Russian State”. The study seeks to demonstrate how the lexical item “birth rate” transcends its status as a statistical category and is reconfigured into the state’s key concept, functioning as an ideologeme through which the image of a “civilizational state” assuming responsibility for the demographic reproduction of the nation is constructed. The theoretical and methodological framework of the research draws on the concept of institutional discourse, critical discourse analysis, as well as approaches in political semiotics and axiological linguistics. The empirical base comprises presidential addresses and speeches, legal and regulatory acts, and federal and regional strategic policy documents. The study employs a set of methods: discourse analysis is used to identify typical communicative scenarios and rhetorical strategies of state discourse; conceptual analysis serves to reconstruct the value‑semantic content of the concept “birth rate”; elements of quantitative corpus analysis are applied to trace the frequency and collocational patterns of key lexical items. It is shown that “birth rate” is embedded in three interrelated semantic domains: demographic security, protection of family and children, and the development of Russia as a civilizational state. The article concludes that in 2025 “birth rate” functions as the state’s key concept of the year, shaping a normative vision of the desired future and acting as a tool of symbolic mobilization around the demographic agenda, thereby revealing how the linguistic framing of demographic policy in state discourse constructs an axiological configuration of time and consolidates the hierarchy of national priorities.

This paper presents methodology for estimating the cyclical component of the Russian economy with a mixed-frequency unobserved components model. The key advantage of the approach is the ability to construct a rapid assessment of the cycle using monthly indicators, which allows for up-to-date estimates to be obtained approximately 3–5 months earlier than when using only quarterly GDP data. The use of monthly dynamics indicators makes it possible to construct a business cycle at a monthly frequency, which is especially relevant for obtaining insights into the effects of the economic policy. Also, seasonality is specified within the model itself which eliminates the need for preliminary seasonal adjustment of the time series. The study presents an estimate of the monthly business cycle dynamics based on the proposed model. Results are then compared with estimates from a quarterly-frequency unobserved components model and the classical Hodrick-Prescott filter. The comparison covers several sub-periods between 2001 and 2025. The most recent observations suggest that the rather aggressive monetary policy of the Bank of Russia at the end of 2024 has undoubtedly contributed to mitigating the overheating of the Russian economy.

IPMA CCT certification for consultants, coaches, and trainers in project ma­ nagement, which is part of the certification line of the International Project Management Association (IPMA), has been analyzed. The certification is based on the IPMA ICB4CCT standard requirements. In Russia, this certification is implemented by the National Project Management Association “SOVNET”. The relevance of the research stems from the growing need to ensure the quality of educational and consulting support for project activities. Implementing IPMA CCT certification is a logical response to the challenges associated with the need to confirm the competence of specialists developing project management talent. The study is based on an analysis of IPMA regulatory and methodological documentation (ICB4, ICB4CCT, and ICRCCT), as well as internal materials and practices of the SOVNET’s certification programs. Methods of system analysis, classification, and comparative description have been used. The authors define the CCT certification’s place within the IPMA-SOVNET certification system, describe its three-level structure, and outline key candidate requirements. The competencybased assessment model has been analyzed, and the end-to-end certification process has been described. It has been concluded that the CCT certification implementation in Russia expands opportunities for professional growth for consul­ tants, coaches, and trainers and contributes to improving the quality of training for project management specialists.

The case study of media and analytical coverage of the 2024 presidential elections in Russia shows the approaches taken by the media and think tanks in Germany and Italy towards their public positioning and influence on various target audiences amid geopolitical confrontation and a changing world order. Media coverage of the Russian elections was focused mainly on the domestic audience and exhibited some features of propaganda, which aligns with the political context. In their turn, think tanks were in a more difficult situation. Having accepted the idea of the inevitable fragmentation of the world and facing an ideological vacuum, which arose amid worsening relations between Germany, Italy, the EU and the West on the one side and Russia on the other, think tanks had to make a choice between politicizing their activities under the influence of the context or maintaining a previous relatively moderate attitude. Both strategies give these organizations the opportunity to preserve or increase their influence – through the mechanisms of “hard” or “soft” power, as well as “ideological power” – with a certain positioning of think tanks in the information space of their states. However, the same strategies are associated with the inevitable loss of influence with a different approach of “think tanks” to shaping their public images. Some German think tanks have politicized their activities, which is explained by several factors. As a result, they were identified by the Russian authorities as “undesirable organizations,” which significantly limited their own “soft power” in relation to the Russian audience, effectively making it impossible to have any dialogue with the Russian side. At the same time, leading Italian and German think tanks which deal with foreign affairs still retain the opportunity to act in a neutral modality, preserving the possibility of constructive interaction with Russia’s expert community if a Russo–Western political dialogue begins.

Aim . This work aimed to analyze data on migration processes in modern Russia, their manifestations, and their impact on the country’s economic and national security, as well as to identify associated risks and threats and consider existing opportunities for various forms of migration. Objectives . The work seeks to study Russia’s migration policy within the context of global migration trends, as well as to investigate the impact of internal and external migration processes on Russia’s economic and national security, their causes, and types. Methods . The study is based on comparative, systemic-structural, cause-and-effect, factor, functional, and statistical analysis. Expert assessment and observation methods were also used. Results. The Russia’s migration policy is primarily aimed to ensure a balance between the economy’s need for labor resources, the protection of national security, and social stability. The migration strategy serves as a tool designed to fulfill the purposes of Russia’s migration policy and achieve its objectives in the long term. Internal migration in Russia is largely represented by a young, active, and productive segment of the population, driven primarily by economic, geopolitical, and climatic factors. External migration to Russia is caused primarily by economic factors, particularly a steady increase in labor migration. Meanwhile, intellectual migration is experiencing an outflow of people from the country. As a result, migration legislation is being reformed to encourage scientists to return to the country, however no significant effect has been noted to date. Conclusions . Nowadays migration takes various forms and has varying intensities. Internal migration continues to develop as migration from small towns to cities, while external migration fluctuates depending on the political situation and other factors. This determines the origin and intensity of migration processes. Internal and external migration can not only be a source of threats to Russia’s economic and national security but also create opportunities to address demographic, economic, and social problems through properly implemented migration policies. As long as the Russian economy remains inconsistent in its priorities for scientific and technological development and the implementation of support tools at various levels, the outflow of promising population and the influx of unskilled and illegal migrants will remain a huge risk to Russia’s economic and national security. Russia’s migration policy requires fundamental changes and refinements to avoid irreversible consequences due to lost time.

Competition on the market of goods and services has always stimulated various approaches to corporate development strategies. Amidst the shifting global landscapes and the relentless proliferation of data, strategic decision-making necessitates increasingly sophisticated and adaptive frameworks. Artificial intelligence provides a synergy of corporate development strategies. The article describes the potential of AI within the schools of strategy that focus on learning, culture, and formalization. Identifying the current strategy for each approach, the authors improved it, using a combination of traditional schools of strategy, Professor V.L. Kvint’s theory of strategizing, and fundamental AI studies. In socio-economic management, AI models process big data and perform a wide range of strategizing tasks, adjusting conventional strategizing algorithms to the new frameworks. A synergetic approach that combines various schools of strategizing with AI achievements makes it possible to exercise an effective set of corporate development strategies. The more unpredictable the external environment becomes, the higher the total corporate intelligence that combines the benefits of organizational learning with those of advanced AI scenarios. An AI-integrated company culture maintains the corporate identity while providing an adaptive foundation for a new strategy. The symbiosis of human strategic thinking and the analytical power of AI solutions enables organizational learning and adaptation for more efficient strategizing and strategy execution.

The research studies steps of support and stimulation of business structures in implementing innovation projects in the old-industrial region. The Vladimir Region was chosen as a research object. The authors investigate steps of support to innovation projects and show structures that carry out such stimulating measures. Apart from that the article puts forward a coordination mechanism in two options: when budget funds are allocated and with the help of investors. Within the frames of the research the problem of communication and coordination of steps was resolved by using conceptual model of electronic site, which can speed up the process of getting stimulation measures aimed at innovation project implementation in the old-industrial region.