The State Historical and Cultural Reserve "Trypillya Culture"

Ushbu maqolada Chirikrabot madaniyatining (miloddan avvalgi IV–II asrlar) dafn marosimlari hind-eron diniy an’analari nuqtayi nazaridan ko‘rib chiqiladi. Arxeologik materiallar, “Avesto” va “Rigveda” matnlari asosida dafn inshootlari – daxmalar hamda yerdan ko‘tarma xom g‘ishtli maqbaralarning semantikasi tahlil qilinadi. Miloddan avvalgi IV–III asrlarda O‘rta Osiyoning o‘troq dehqonchilik aholisi bilan aloqalar natijasida marosimlarning krematsiyadan jasadni ochiq joyga qo‘yishgacha bo‘lgan evolyutsiyasi kuzatib boriladi. Dafn amaliyotlarida bronza davridan so‘nggi sak davrigacha bo‘lgan madaniy davomiylik aniqlangan. Chirikrabot aholisi O‘rta Osiyodagi zardushtiylik diniy-marosimiy an’analarining keng doirasiga kirgan, degan xulosaga kelinadi.

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the implementation of museum projects supported by the Ukrainian Cultural Foundation, aiming to identify key institutional, regulatory, and managerial barriers that prevent museums from fully participating in grant competitions. The relevance of the study is determined by Ukraine’s European integration course, the need to modernize the cultural sector and strengthen the role of museums as outposts for preserving heritage and building national resilience in the context of full-scale war. The study aims to identify and systematize the patterns of success, regional distribution and institutional problems of museum initiatives supported by the UCF. The methodological basis comprises a systematic and comparative analysis of the regulatory and legal framework, as well as an empirical analysis of the UCF’s rating lists and project registers for the period 2018–2025. Quantitative methods were used to calculate the share of successful applications and track regional distribution, as well as a case study method for in-depth analysis of the partnership model for project implementation. The main results show that, despite the UCF’s catalytic role in stimulating digitalization, inclusiveness and innovation in the museum sector, the direct competitiveness of state and municipal museums remains low. This is due to limited financial autonomy, complex budgetary and treasury procedures, as well as low institutional capacity and staff shortages. As a result, the partnership model (“civil society organization as executor – museum as partner”) dominates, covering about 80% of successful museum initiatives, providing flexibility but not solving the problems of systemic reform. Significant regional unevenness in the distribution of projects has been identified. It has been established that museum projects that are structurally “rigid” (exhibitions, digitization) are structurally losing out to “mixed” (event-based, educational) projects within the existing UCF lots. The conclusions emphasize the critical need for systemic reform of the legal status of museums to increase their financial autonomy. Further research should focus on developing specific proposals for the creation of a specialized grant lot for “hard” museum projects within the structure of the UCF, which is a necessary condition for ensuring their sustainability and full participation in Ukraine’s cultural policy.

The article tells about the study history of the medieval Talgar settlement and settlements in the locality. If we pay attention to the sources the first researchers and travelers of the city of Talkhiz report that the territory of the city was large. We are also talking about settlements that are part of the territory of this settlement, but have not yet been explored. Nevertheless, the Talgar settlement, which has been studied for more than one hundred and fifty years, undoubtedly has a special significance as a historical monument. Until now, valuable objects found during excavations are stored in many museums and museums-reserves of the country. Among the finds you can see some imported products. This suggests that the medieval settlement of Talgar was a center of artisans and jewelers, where international trade was well developed. One can see how much influence external relations had on the development of this settlement located along the Great Silk Road.Talgar is one of the most important monuments among the historical and cultural sites of Semirechye. However, the article says that some localities still need to be investigated. Талгарын археологийн дурсгалууд Товчлол. Уг нийтлэлд Талгарын дундад зууны үеийн суурин болон тус нутгийн сууринг судалсан түүхийн тухай өгүүлнэ. Судалгаа, тоо баримтад анхаарлаа хандуулбал Талхиз жотын анхны хайгуулчид, аялагчид тус хотын нутаг дэвсгэр их байсныг илтгэдэг. Мөн энэ суурингийн нутаг дэвсгэрт багтсан боловч судлагдаагүй суурин газруудын тухай ярьж байна. Гэвч зуун тавин жил судлагдсан Талгар суурин түүхэн дурсгалт газрын хувьд онцгой ач холбогдолтой, байр суурь эзэлдэг нь дамжиггүй. Өнөөг хүртэл малтлагын явцад олдсон үнэт эд зүйлс тус улсын олон музей, музей нөөцөд хадгалагдаж байна. Олдворуудын дунд та импортын зүйлсийг харж болно. Энэ нь дундад зууны үеийн Талгар суурин нь олон улсын худалдаа сайн хөгжсөн гар урчууд, үнэт эдлэлийн холбоодын төв байсан болохыг харуулж байна. Их торгоны зам дагуу орших суурингийн хөгжилд гадаад харилцаа ямар их нөлөө үзүүлсэнийг харж болно. Талгар бол Жетысу дахь түүх, соёлын өвийн хамгийн чухал дурсгалуудын нэг юм. Гэсэн хэдий ч зарим суурин газарт судалгаа хийх шаардлагатай хэвээр байгааг үг нийтлэлд дурджээ. Түлхүүр үг. Талхиз, эртний суурин, худалдаа, судлаач, археологи, дундад зууны, олдвор, олон улсын, музей

Abstract We present an interdisciplinary analysis of finds from the Trypillia settlement of Kosenivka, Ukraine (ca. 3700–3600 BCE, Trypillia C1), that links information on human, faunal, and botanical remains with archaeological data to provide exceptionally detailed insights into life and death at a Trypillia mega-site. We obtained osteological, palaeopathological, and histotaphonomic data from human bone fragments; performed carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic analysis of human and animal bone to calculate food webs with the software FRUITS; and modelled newly generated radiocarbon dates to refine the site’s chronology. The biological profile of seven identified individuals, some of whom suffered from disease symptoms common in the Chalcolithic, represents a demographic cross-section of the population. The analysis of perimortem cranial trauma suffered by two individuals suggest cases of interpersonal conflict. Food web calculations demonstrate the large contribution of cereals to the protein component of the human diet, which is supported by dental observations, and we suggest that livestock were a major manure producer for crop cultivation.The most probable scenario for the formation of the Kosenivka find assemblage is a deathly fire event. This makes the site a rare example where the archaeological and osteological results can be used to reconstruct a minimum number of house inhabitants. Following a literature review, we contextualise our analysis by discussing the general lack of human remains from Early and Middle Trypillia sites. The individuals from Kosenivka form part of the less than 0.05% of the total estimated Trypillia population that is represented skeletally; its members were deposited within settlements in the Middle Trypillia stage (until C1), preceding the shift to extramural burials in its late phase (C2).Our detailed results indicate the huge explanatory potential that has yet to be unlocked in the rare and often poorly preserved bioarchaeological archives of the Cucuteni–Trypillia phenomenon.

Публикация основана на архивных материалах И.И. Копылова о месте и условиях находки бронзовых зеркал, данных анализов о составе металла. Проводится анализ опубликованных ранее данных по бронзовым зеркалам, происходящих из городища Талгар. Тем самым, на основе архивных данных исследователя средневекового памятника, ставится и во многом решается вопрос о местном производстве зеркал на местном же сырье. Ранее опубликованные статьи фактически ставили вопрос только об этнокультурной принадлежности орнаментального сюжета, из которого состоит рельефно-орнаментированная тыльная сторона зеркала, то есть ‑ о культурных истоках, распространенных в то время на Великом Шелковом пути орнаментов. Детали обнаружения зеркал в культурном слое, принадлежности руин построек крайне важны для реконструкции культурных контактов, а главное, для понимания высокого уровня развития ремесла на Талгаре в XI – первой половине XIII в., роли и месте ювелира и торевта в ремесленной «табели о рангах» Тальхиза, чьи богатые жилища и развитые производства располагались в центре города. Приводятся некоторые данные о сопровождающих находки зеркал в мастерских: массовых артефактах, орудиях, штампах.