The Tor Project

The period when the Polish lands (including Toruń) were under Prussian partition was not conducive to create the Polish patriotic monuments. The return of Toruń to the motherland in 1920 changed this situation and allowed for activities commemorating outstanding people or events. In addition to the initiatives to celebrate Polish heroes and historical events, the existing monuments inherited from the Prussians were verified. The Germans withdrawing from Toruń took some monuments with them. Of those left behind, the monuments representing German militarism were destroyed. The only exception was a monument for Bavarian soldiers who defended Toruń against the Russians. Monuments from the interwar period enjoyed a variety of forms, but not many of them were outstanding in artistic terms. It should be noted that in the interwar period, most patriotic monuments were dedicated to soldiers or military units. In second place in terms of the number are religious monuments with strong references to Polishness. Not many monuments and plaques promoting Polishness were created by civilians – exceptions are, among others, plaques of the mayor of Dr. Steinborn, voivode Łaszewski, astronomer Copernicus, or the monument to the composer Moniuszko. In total, about 30 monuments and commemorative plaques were created. Two objects were added to the objects discussed in this study, which were one of the symbols of the interwar Toruń - church dedicated to Christ the King, and a new road bridge across the Vistula. Unfortunately, most patriotic monuments were destroyed within a few days after Germans entered Toruń during Nazi aggression in 1939 in Poland In the period of the Polish People’s Republic, no pre-war „sanation” monuments were rebuilt. Only after 1990 it was possible to recreate some old monuments, such as the Mother of God Queen of the Polish Crown. In place of the monuments smashed by the Germans, they are now completely new in form, in new excellent locations. For example, it happened with the monuments of General Haller and Marshal Piłsudski. Unfortunately, until today, the monument of the 63rd Infantry Regiment „Children of Toruń” has been forgotten. One must be glad, that the remains of communist propaganda which specialized in placing their numerous monuments and plaques disappear from the city landscape. The theme of Torun patriotic monuments of the interwar period is still open and needs to be more detailed.

The aim of the article consists in a brief analysis of the specific legislative solution regulated in Art. 15k of the special-purpose law referred to as the COVID-19 Act. This provision introduces the institution of postponing the effectiveness of withdrawal from a contract before the start of the travel package, while modifying the regulation of Art. 47 of Polish Travel Package Act which implements Art. 12 of EU Directive 2015/2302 on package travel. It seems that the legislator's goal was to extend the maximum 14-day deadline for refund by the organizers of any payments made by the travelers for the package in the face of a crisis in the tourism industry caused by a coronavirus pandemic. Despite the general positive assessment of the state's activity in this respect, the introduced regulation raises doubts in relation to many legal aspects and the most serious objection to the legislator is the introduction of provisions that are contrary to the principles clearly defined in the EU Directive.

Artykuł przedstawia nieznane dotąd fakty współdziałania Mazurów z Działdowszczyzny z Mazurami z Mazowsza na rzecz zjednoczenia Prus Wschodnich z Polską w I połowie XX w. Na treść artykułu składają się trzy części: 1. Kontakty Związku Mazurów z dr Józefem Ostaszewskim i „Gazetą Mławską” w latach 1935–1939. 2. Tajny Mazurski Instytut Badawczy w latach okupacji hitlerowskiej i udział w jego pracach Mazowszan Zawkrzańskich. 3. Instytut Mazurski w Olsztynie miejscem współpracy Mazurów Działdowskich (Karol Małłek), Mazowszan Zawkrzańskich (Witold Witkowski) i Kurpiów (Adam Chętnik) w pierwszych latach PRL.

Vulvar cancer is a malignancy of female lower genital tract with incidence of 1:100,000 in Poland. The most common types of vulvar cancers are squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma. This study was approved by the board of the Clinical Unit of Obstetrics, Women’s Disease and Gynecological Oncology, United District Hospital, Collegium Medicum University of Nicolaus Copernicus in Toruń, Poland. This is a tertiary reference center. We analyzed cases of postmenopausal women diagnosed with vulvar cancer referred to our clinic for surgery. The aim of the study was to compare 48 MHz ultrasound images of vulvar cancer with histological images and assess the utility of high-frequency ultrasonography images in preoperative assessment. We examined 3 cases of squamous cell carcinoma and 1 case of basal cell carcinoma using 48 MHz DermaView high-frequency mechanical probe. We described typical ultrasonographic features of vulvar carcinoma, such as echogenicity, depth of infiltration, as well as we discussed limitations of this transducer. The 48 MHz frequency exhibits a promising value for the preoperative assessment of vulvar carcinoma. High-frequency ultrasonography can provide some important information, such as morphology, boundary, internal echo, and thus help choose adequate surgical approach.

Franciszek Majchrowicz was a renowned Lvov-based educator and a historian of education. Throughout many years of his professional career he was involved in teaching in secondary schools and teachers’ training colleges. At the same time, he was actively participating in educational initiatives as an activist. Majchrowicz was a co-editor of the periodical Rodzina i Szkoła [Family and School], co-operated with the Council of National Education in Galicia (Eastern Poland) and with the School Board of the Lvov province. His publishing output included numerous articles and pedagogical texts as well as historical and educational works, including one of the first textbooks for teaching history of education in teachers’ training colleges (with many editions throughout the years 1901-1924). Majchrowicz also published source materials for the history of Polish education, promoted the educational ideas of the Commission of National Education and attempted to develop the history of education into a coherent academic discipline for researchers and a subject in the national curriculum for educators. The hitherto available historical and educational literature lacks comprehensive and detailed information on his university education or professional training and qualifications. The present work attempts by no means to be exhaustive or to offer a comprehensive coverage of a full biography of Franciszek Majchrowicz as an educator and historian of education. It merely complements some facts and explanations that have already been published earlier, and provides some new information that may help resolve doubts concerning certain aspects of his professional career presented in the hitherto published body of works on the subject. It is mostly due to the archival material from Lvov (this mainly comprises students catalogues and minute books of doctoral examinations from the National District Archive), constituting the source base for the present work, that providing complete answers to such issues as the course of Majchrowicz’s studies, his doctoral dissertation procedure and the scope of his teacher’s examination, have become possible. The above source material made it also possible to conclude with certain remarks regarding the masters Majchrowicz had in great esteem and their influence upon research and academic interests of the Lvov-based educator and historian of education.

Biografistyka i jej miejsce w historiografii edukacyjnej po II wojnie światowej

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Monografi a Dariusza Makiy wzbudzia nasze zainteresowanie z dwch powodw. Pierwszym jest sam temat pracy, wobec ktrego aden badacz

Abstract The article presents a review of contemporary Polish military topographic maps, with special focus on those in the scale of 1:50,000. They are basic maps used in all armies of NATO countries at tactical stages. After the political breakthrough of 1989 Polish political elites saw the future of our country in the structures of Western Europe, but the Warsaw Pact still existed, and Soviet Army units were stationed in Poland and in the German Democratic Republic. All the Warsaw Pact countries used maps in the “1942” coordinate system and followed standardized rules of map elaboration. The article presents transformation of those maps into NATO standards, the first stage of which was elaboration of the, so-called, maps adapted to NATO standards. At the end of 1990s there started elaboration of a new topographic map of Poland in the scale of 1:50,000. The project involved preparation of a level 2 map, in NATO nomenclature known as VMap Level 2, and simultaneously using the same base for to generate 580 sheets of a paper map in 1:50,000. Map elaboration finished in 2006 and in the following years the project was enhanced with publication of new maps based on high-resolution image data. Since 2003 Polish cartographers have been participating in Multinational Geospatial Co-production Program (MGCP). Within the program high-resolution vector data is being prepared for selected areas of interest. They are mainly areas of current or potential military conflict, terrorist threat, ethnic or religious conflict, natural disaster, etc. MGCP data is not a ready product meant for direct usage, and without proper preparation it is simply unreadable. Therefore, special computer applications were developed to facilitate fast preparation of topographic maps in 1:50,000: MGCP Derived Graphic (MDG) and lately MGCP Topographic Map (MTM). Such maps differ from Polish topographic maps both in contents (to a lesser extent) and in graphic form (to a larger extent). They contain less objects, but include aerial information.