Toa Pharmaceutical (Japan)

Subsea cables underpin global communications, carrying more than 99 % of all digital data traffic worldwide. While this >1.6 million km-long network has been designed to be highly resilient, subsea cables can be damaged by a number of natural hazards that occur across all water depths in the ocean. Here, we explore the diversity of natural hazards that can damage cables, considering a broad frequency-magnitude spectrum. This paper is the first global perspective of actual and potential hazards affecting cables. As such, it is an accessible overview of the regional variability and complexity of hazards. Relatively rare and extreme events, such as super typhoons, submarine landslides or associated turbidity currents and volcanic eruptions, can synchronously cause widespread damage to multiple systems, in some cases disconnecting entire countries or dramatically slowing data traffic. We show that damage is rarely linked to an initial event, instead arising from cascades of processes that can lag by years. Not all instances of cable damage that relate to natural processes are linked to extreme events. We show that much smaller intensity meteorological and oceanographic processes such as storms and continuous seafloor currents that have been overlooked by previous studies can also damage subsea cables. New analysis of past instances of cable damage reveals that a significant proportion of previously unattributed faults may relate to such low-level but sustained impacts. It is these hazards that are most likely to change in frequency and magnitude in response to ongoing climate change but are also more predictable. Through mapping of exposure to these different hazards, we identify geographically-constrained hazard hotspots and identify various mitigation measures to enhance the evidence base and further strengthen subsea telecommunications network resilience.

This paper presents a method for calculating the appropriate seismic loads for a single-layer cylindrical reticulated shell using machine learning. The equivalent seismic loads are evaluated by combining the dominant two vibrational modes, and the proposed method predicts the dominant vibration mode. The proposed method consists of three stages: imaging of vibration modes, feature extraction of the image using Variational Autoencoder, and prediction of image features. Machine learning results indicate that the proposed method successfully predicts the first dominant vibration mode 97.3% of the time and the second dominant vibration mode 78.4% of the time in the test data.

Recently, there are few construction works in vacant lot. Many construction works take place after demolishing the existing building. In such case, reuse of the existing piles is reasonable. We need a way to verify the performance of the existing piles for reuse. Therefore, in this paper, we proposed a simple method for estimating the static elastic pile-head spring using the impulse response excited by human power. We also proposed a simple method to simulate the impulse response of the pile-head.

The phase transformation and mechanical properties of non-quenchable steels partnered with the quenchable boron steel in hot stamping of tailor-welded blanks were evaluated to produce tailored components with partially balanced strength and ductility. The effect of the forming start temperature after natural air cooling on the phase transformation and mechanical properties for 270 MPa mild steel, non-quenchable steel, 440 MPa high strength steel, and 22MnB5 steel sheets was examined, and the 270 MPa and non-quenchable sheets had enough ductility after hot stamping. Tailored components having a hardness of about 500 HV1 in the high strength zone and a total elongation of about 30% in the high ductility zone were hot-stamped from a tailor-welded blank composed of 22MnB5 and 270 MPa sheets. It was found that the 270 MPa mild steel sheet is sufficient as a partner sheet of tailor-welded blanks. In addition, the safety of hot-stamped components was heightened by welding a 22MnB5 main blank with a 270 MPa steel patch. Even if the main blank is fractured by a collision, the hot-stamped component is not separated by the 270 MPa patch having high ductility.

Neonatal calf diarrhea, which mainly affects animals before weaning, is easy to diagnose and is characterized by frequent passing of soft feces (less than 10% dry content). Long-term utilization of broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy is being followed in order to control these infections. The use of probiotics for diarrhea treatment may have value as an alternative therapy that prevents the use of antibiotics, thereby reducing the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and residual antibiotics in dairy foods, meat, and milk. We aimed to assess the utility of the probiotic products containing 3 probiotics (Enterococcusfaecalis T-110, Clostridium butyricum TO-A, and Bacillus mesentericus TO-A) in shortening the duration of diarrhea symptoms and normalizing the consistency of the feces. In addition, we assessed whether probiotics therapy could be an alternative to antibiotic therapy in calves with moderate diarrhea.

Peace (wholeness and integrity) is to be sought as the highest goal in the divorce process, affecting not only the divorcing couple but their family and community as well. The value of “community” found in the three major Western religious traditions suggests that more than just the immediate family should be involved in crafting divorce settlements and that the involvement of clergy may aid in the divorce process, especially in providing rich religious metaphors and exempla to promote peaceful negotiations. Other religious values such as “humanity in the divine image,” “love,” and “the fullness of time” can be useful in working with the divorcing couple to allow their stories to be told, provide time to sort out their complex emotions, and help reduce the impulse to see the other solely as an enemy to be eliminated in battle. “Sin and atonement” can serve an important role in restorative justice, while “the delayed arrival of the divine kingdom” provides a reasonable way to assess what determines success, both for the divorcing couple and for divorce professionals. Key Points for the Family Court Community: Religious values found in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam can be consciously utilized to help divorcing couples separate more peacefully. Providing opportunities for each spouse to be fully heard and seen is a crucial component in helping to bring more peace into the divorce process.

CCS has been expected as a countermeasure against global warming in recent years. When the injected CO2 reacts to rock minerals, it may form secondary minerals such as calcite, which is called mineral trapping of CO2. It is of significant importance to examine how the mineral trapping exerts an influence on the physical properties in the targeted reservoir rocks because the trapped minerals may change the strength, deformability, and permeability of the reservoir rocks, although such works are quite sparse in literature. In this study, the influence of the mineral trapping on the evolution of physical properties has been evaluated by replicating precipitation of calcium carbonate that may occur in the mineral trapping. The results of mechanical and permeability experiments show that the change of the mechanical and hydraulic properties is significant even if the amount of calcite precipitation is relatively small.

設計を超える津波外力に対して粘り強く減災機能を発揮する防波構造物の必要性が強く認識されるようになった．津波外力に対して粘り強く機能する防波構造物を実現するためには，構造物の被災メカニズムを明らかにし，その知見を構造物の設計に反映させることが重要となる．本研究では，津波越流による防波堤基礎マウンドの洗掘被災について，津波越流量やマウンド材粒径等と洗掘特性の関係を水理模型実験により明らかにするとともに，最大洗掘深，洗掘幅，最大洗掘深の発生位置の推定式を提案し，その適合性を検討した．また，水平板型の洗掘対策工を提案し，その効果を水理模型実験により検討した．

This chapter discusses the deformation characteristics of a mixture of tire chips and sand. First a series of drained triaxial compression tests (CD tests) on a rubber sphere specimen and the tire chips specimen was conducted to observe the deformation behavior of a rubber particle aggregate. From the movement of the rubber sphere traced on computer tomography (CT) images, the basic deformation characteristics of the rubber particle aggregate were considered. Then, a series of CD tests on the tire chips and sand mixture was conducted and the changes in the shape of each specimen before and after compression were shown by CT images. Moreover, the particle image velocimetry (PIV) method was applied to CT images scanned during the test, and the deformation characteristics of the tire chips and sand mixture based on the PIV results were shown. Controlled Vocabulary Terms computerised tomography; deformation