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ABSTRACTThis study examined the relations of nativity, language, and neighborhood context to pregnancy norms among U.S. Hispanic teens. We used data from a sample of 972 Hispanic females and 960 Hispanic males from Waves I and II (1994–1996) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) collected in eighty high schools and fifty-two middle schools across the country. Results indicated that nativity, language, and neighborhood context were related to Hispanic teen pregnancy norms, although these relationships varied by gender. Specifically, foreign-born, non-English speaking females and those who lived in immigrant neighborhoods held stronger norms against unmarried teen pregnancies compared to English speakers and/or lived elsewhere. Yet, no relationship was demonstrated for males. The results of this study suggest an immigrant advantage related to female teen pregnancy norms, and that context matters in the formation of pregnancy norms for Hispanic females.

The Journal of Wildlife ManagementVolume 80, Issue 3 p. 583-586 Reviewers Reviewers for 2015 Paul R. Krausman, Paul R. Krausman Arizona, Clinton, WashingtonSearch for more papers by this authorEvelyn H. Merrill, Evelyn H. Merrill Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AlbertaSearch for more papers by this authorAllison S. Cox, Allison S. Cox 302 ABNR, Columbia, MissouriSearch for more papers by this authorAnna C. S. Knipps, Anna C. S. Knipps 2200 S Eldridge Ct, Lakewood, ColoradoSearch for more papers by this author Paul R. Krausman, Paul R. Krausman Arizona, Clinton, WashingtonSearch for more papers by this authorEvelyn H. Merrill, Evelyn H. Merrill Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AlbertaSearch for more papers by this authorAllison S. Cox, Allison S. Cox 302 ABNR, Columbia, MissouriSearch for more papers by this authorAnna C. S. Knipps, Anna C. S. Knipps 2200 S Eldridge Ct, Lakewood, ColoradoSearch for more papers by this author First published: 17 February 2016 https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.1047Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume80, Issue3April 2016Pages 583-586 RelatedInformation

The project upon which this report is based was conceived in 2012 during discussions between the East Tennessee Clean Fuels Coalition (ETCleanFuels) and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) who both noted that a detailed summary of idling recommendations for a wide variety of engines and vehicles were not available in the literature. The two organizations agreed that ETCleanFuels would develop a first-of-its-kind collection of idling recommendations from the owner’s manuals of modern production vehicles. Vehicle engine idling, a subject that has long been debated, is largely shrouded in misinformation. The justifications for idling seem to be many: driver comfort, waiting in lines, and talking on cell phones to name a few. Assuredly, a great number of people idle because of the myths and misinformation surrounding this issue. This report addresses these myths by turning to statements taken directly from the automobile and engine manufacturers themselves.

Background: The vasculature is derived from many different sources during embryonic development, including neural crest, and mesoderm of splanchnic, pharyngeal and somitic origin. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) of the aorta are similarly derived from several embryonic sources, however the developmental and phenotypic heterogeneity of their progenitors is poorly understood. Methods & Results: Using specialized Cre mice which irreversibly mark cells of specific embryonic origin, we isolated distinct subsets of progenitors from the aorta that are derived from neural crest (Wnt1), somite (Myf5) and another (Brachyury; T) mesoderm source. Intriguingly, a population of lineage-marked cells that express high levels of the reporter tdTomato (tdT-hi) is uniquely expressed in the aorta, and not found in blood, bone marrow or spleen. In Myf5- and T-marked lineages, this tdT-hi population gave rise to clonally-derived spheres that differentiated into VSMC, adipocytes, S100β-positive neural cell and macrophage in vitro. Consistent with the observed progenitor activity of the tdT-hi population, a subset of these cells co-express Sox2 and Sca1, known adult stem/progenitor cell markers. Further evidence of progenitor activity was demonstrated in an in vitro CFU assay where tdT-hi cells gave rise to Mac3+Ly6C+ macrophage and Ly6G+ neutrophils. As experimental cell culture is prone to artifact, and differentiated cell types may not be represented in vivo, we conducted complementary analyses in mice. Leukocytes such as macrophage, B-cells and T-cells from Myf5-Cre mice were found to be lineage-marked cells with lower levels of tdT expression (tdT-lo), suggesting derivation from somitic mesoderm and differentiation from the tdT-hi aortic progenitor. Indeed, somite-derived leukocytes were enriched over 6-fold in the arch of the aorta vs. the blood, bone marrow and spleen of these mice. Summary: These data support the existence of an aorta-resident Myf5 lineage-marked (i.e. somitic mesoderm-derived) progenitor capable of contributing to both VSMC and blood compartments. How these neural crest vs. somite- and other mesoderm-derived aortic-resident progenitors and their progeny participate in vascular pathogenesis is not yet known.

This chapter contains sections titled: The Positive Deviance Approach Case 1: Combating Malnutrition in Vietnam Case #2: Reducing Maternal and Newborn Mortality in Pakistan PD inquiry to Implementation Conclusions Acknowledgments References

Compared to other sports, very little research has been conducted on which variables can predict victory in the sport of boxing. This investigation examined whether boxers' age, weight change from their preceding contest, country of origin, total number of wins, total number of losses, performance in their preceding contest, or the possession of a championship title was predictive of a winning performance in a given bout. A 1-mo. sample of male professional boxing records for all contests held in the USA (N = 400) were collected from the BoxRec online database. Logistic regression analysis indicated that only boxers' age, total number of wins and losses, and the performance in the preceding contest predicted significant variance in outcome.

Campus intramural sports officials often participate in external officiating experiences beyond campus intramural contests, such as community sport programs, middle and high school sports, and even intercollegiate sports. While these external opportunities may enhance an official's skills and abilities, there are concerns that the demand from external agencies and competing salaries result in campus intramural programs being left with underdeveloped officials. This in turn contributes to the critique that encouraging external officiating experiences does not contribute to the college or university mission of learning, research, and professional development. The purpose of this article is to present a justification why campus intramural sports officials should engage in sports officiating experiences beyond campus intramural and extramural contests. A conceptual framework known as Communities of Practice (Wenger, 1998) is presented to illustrate how external officiating experiences may contribute to the college or university mission of learning, research, and professional development. Benefits of participating in external officiating experiences are also presented.

James Steven Rogers, The Early History of the Law of Bills and Notes: A Study of the Origins of Anglo-American Commercial Law, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Pp. xxv + 267. $59.95 (ISBN 0-521-44212-5). - Volume 16 Issue 2

Late Quaternary pollen records of biogenic deposits of the American North Pacific coast show multiple responses of vegetation to forcing by climate and glaciers. Overall trends during the Holocene have been toward development of closed forest, but intervals are evident that were both progressive and retrogressive. Vegetation apparently responded in concert with fluctuating climatic and glacial episodes. Grass-sedge tundra, widespread initially in a relatively cold, late-glacial setting, was replaced by open arborial communities in the early Holocene during milder millennia of the thermal maximum. Climate did not support the development of structurally closed forest until the cool and humid late Holocene. With reactivation of glaciers during recent millennia, vegetation has been altered by a series of stadial and interstadial events. Current interglacial climate trends appear to involve a shifting pattern in the duration and intensity of seasonal atmospheric circulation centers over the North Pacific Ocean. Climatic-glacial forcing recorded in these studies is attributed to changes in solar radiation, among a number of other factors.