TransportForsK

A vital step in implementing Urban Air Mobility is the development of its counterpart to airports: TakeOff and Landing Areas (TOLAs), or vertiports. This paper contributes to the establishment of safe vertiports by identifying where they can be located within a city landscape, in compliance with the Prototype Technical Specifications for the Design of Visual Flight Rules Vertiports for Operation with Manned Vertical-Take-Off-and-Landing-Capable Aircraft, issued by the European Agency for the Safety of Aviation [1]. Specifically, we design, implement, and test algorithms which aid in deciding where the vertiports can be placed. We present the results of experimenting with our tools on data from Stockholm. The results show that our decisionsupport tools can help inform decisions on developing vertiport regulations, policies, and services. An appealing feature of our tools is that they are wrapped up into a web-based graphical user interface (GUI) which anyone on the internet can freely use to create their own sets of feasible vertiports (we allow the user to load and saving their vertiports, choose their purpose, etc.).

Med fraspark i en informants beskrivelse av nedfrysing av egne ubefruktede egg som «vår generasjons p-pille» diskuterer jeg i denne artikkelen i hvilken grad og på hvilke måter kvinner fra millenialgenerasjonen i en nordisk velferdsstat opplever slik nedfrysing som likestillingsfremmende og frigjørende. Diskusjonen baserer seg på den første empiriske studien av kvinners bruk av sosial eggfrysing i Norden, hvor jeg fulgte 22 kvinner som i årene før og etter bioteknologireformen frøs ned egg eller vurderte å gjøre det. Kvinnene var jevnt over oppmerksomme på at eggfrysing har usikker effekt på fertiliteten, likevel beskrev de det som en måte å ta kontroll over forhold som føltes destabiliserte av akutt eller framtidig fallende fruktbarhet, på. Dette gjaldt særlig opplevelsen av å bli «desperat» og sårbar i møte med potensielle partnere. Der hvor kjærlighet og relasjoner opplevdes vanskelig eller umulig å ta direkte kontroll over, var eggfrysing tilgjengelig for kvinnene som relativt velstående forbrukere. Selv om flere problematiserte fertilitetsindustrien, opplevde kvinnene at eggfrysing kunne gjenopprette maktbalansen vis-a-vis menn og skape økt frihet og kontroll i eget liv. Mot slutten av artikkelen diskuterer jeg hva kvinnenes erfaringer potensielt kan fortelle oss om forventninger til og forståelser av frigjøring, likestilling og feminisme, og om mulige «blindsoner» i tenkningen rundt disse spørsmålene i den nordiske konteksten.

Urban rail transport is an efficient and environmentally friendly transport solution.However, there are many challenges due to weak power supply and high capacity demand.To reduce energy consumption, minimize operational costs and increase transport capacity, there are many possible solutions to achieve these goals.It is needed to make a smart and cost-effective plan for efficiently using infrastructure as well as saving energy.This paper proposes a decision-making model to demonstrate the effectiveness of different technical solutions and quantify their costs and benefits on the energy and capacity aspects for comparison.Based on the model, two case studies on the Stockholm commuter trains and metro trains with several technical solutions as examples are analyzed.The model is supposed to provide a key reference for decision-makers to set up a smart and cost-effective management plan for efficiently using infrastructure as well as saving energy.

A fair distribution of accessibility to key activities is a central concern for distributive justice in transport planning. This implies that disparities in accessibility and the negative effects associated with a lack of accessibility should be mitigated. However, even though accessibility is not purely spatial or static, it is conventionally treated as if it were. Several studies have significantly advanced the spatio-temporal representation of accessibility. However, there is still a lack of focus on how these dynamics affect different groups of people with differing socio-economic and demographic characteristics and how these dynamics might influence their travel mode choice. The aim of this paper is to analyse how differences in accessibility to the workplace by public transport during multiple times of the day are associated with the time period in which different groups of people commute to work, and how the flexibility of individuals' time constraints might influence whether they can and do commute using public transport. Using a transport justice-focused time geography perspective, this study draws on the spatio-temporal aspects of people's real activities based on travel survey data for the Stockholm Region. This study contributes to the literature by highlighting the differences in accessibility to the workplace by public transport across multiple departure time periods; showing how these results compare with mode choice (if there is a choice); and revealing which socio-economic, demographic and geographical factors characterise these differences. This study also illustrates how a transport justice-focused time geography approach could help researchers have a more detailed and nuanced understanding of the relationship between accessibility and sustainable travel behaviour, and how this relationship might change at different times of the day.

Ambulanspersonal, och annan prehospital vårdpersonal, arbetar i en krävande och farlig miljö, och löper risk för både traumatiska skador (t.ex. trafikolyckor) och långsiktiga hälsoeffekter. Organisationsförändringar i den svenska sjukvården har lett till centralisering av resurser till färre och mer specialiserade, men därför också mer avlägsna, sjukhus. Det innebär ökade transportavstånd och att fler medicinska ingrepp måste utföras under transporten. Sjukvårdssystemet är särskilt beroende av vård under transport i större kriser och katastrofer. I dessa överstiger vårdbehovet per definition de tillgängliga medicinska resurserna. En del av hanteringen av sådana kriser går ut på att fördela patienter mellan sjukhus och andra vårdinrättningar på ett sådant sätt att inget enskilt sjukhus får ett ohanterligt inflöde av patienter. I sådana situationer kan det förekomma att även svårt skadade patienter får en längre transportsträcka än vad som är önskvärt, eftersom de måste fördelas till sjukhus som är mer avlägsna skadehändelsen. Projektet SPURT kommer etablera en forskningsplattform som kan användas för att nå en fördjupad kunskap om arbetsmiljö, säkerhet och arbetskvalitet för ambulanspersonal och annan personal som utför vård under transport. Den centrala komponenten i plattformen kommer att vara en internationellt unik ambulanssimulator med rörelseplattform som inkluderar både den främre förarmiljön och den bakre vårdmiljön i en ambulans. Rörelseplattformen som kommer användas är Sim III. Sim III har ett linjärt rörelsesystem som medger rörelse i fyra frihetsgrader, och erbjuder både linjär- och lutningsrörelse. Genom att koppla samman slädens förflyttning med fordonets sidoposition, skapar simulatorns rörelsealgoritm realistiska sidorörelser. Utöver de yttre rörelsesystemen har Sim III även ett separat skakbord som rör kabinen relativt projektionsytan. Plattformen kan även vridas 90 grader så att linjärrörelsen kan utnyttjas för acceleration och inbromsning i stället för krafter i sidled. Målet med forskningsplattformen är att kunna bedriva forskning för att öka säkerheten för ambulanspersonal, särskilt med avseende på risker i trafik, etablera riktlinjer gällande vilka vårdmoment som kan utföras under färd med bibehållen säkerhet för både utförare och patient, minska den fysiska och mentala arbetsbelastningen för ambulanspersonal, samt förbättra säkerhetskultur och möjligheter till träning.

Abstract Background: Care transitions, such as a patient’s hospital discharge, are complex processes encompassing multiple interactions and requiring coordination between stakeholders. To identify potential improvement measures in care transitions for people with complex care needs, intra- and inter-organisational everyday work needs to be properly understood, including its interdependencies, vulnerabilities and gaps. The aim of this study was to map the coordination of care across healthcare and social care organisations and describe interdependencies and system variability in care transitions. Methods: The study was inspired by multi-method research. Data were collected through participant observations, interviews and a document review in a region of southern Sweden. The Functional Resonance Analysis Method was used to model the discharge process and visualise and analyse coordination within and between different organisations and units. Results: The results show that hospital discharge is a time-sensitive process with numerous couplings and interdependencies where healthcare professionals are constrained by system design and organisational boundaries. The greatest vulnerability can be found when the patient arrives at home, as maladaptation earlier in the care chain can lead to an accumulation of issues for the municipal personnel in social care working closest to the patient. The possibilities for the personnel to adapt are limited, especially at certain times of day, pushing them to make trade-offs to ensure patient safety. To counteract variability in performance of care, flexibility and adequate resources need to be ensured, to promote the possibility to respond and adjust to uncertainties. Conclusions: To achieve safe and secure care transitions from hospital to home, proactive work during discharge planning needs to be facilitated by improving the timing and precision in assessment and planning of patient care. Responding to unexpected events and variations requires successful adaptation and use of allocated resources during the first few days after homecoming, and a system allowing for flexibility to promote safe and personalized care.

This study examines the extent of the gap between the proportions of survey respondents reporting (1) having the possibility to use and (2) using special transport services (STS) compared to the corresponding gaps for other transport modes. For persons eligible for STS, differences between those who use them and those who do not use them are explored. The frequencies with which these two groups leave the home are then compared. Those aged 65-69, those with higher self-rated health and those cohabiting were less likely to use STS, despite being eligible. Those using STS tend to leave the home less often.

We introduce a novel measure of how a factor influences train delays: the excess probability of delays. Using some 50 million observations across two years of railway operations in Sweden we then investigate the role of train meets and passes in explaining dwell time delays, which are known from previous research to be behind most train delays. About 4% of observed train movements include either meets or passes at stations, with the former being much more frequent. On average, they are associated with a 30%-points higher probability of delay, more than double the baseline rate of 25%. Accounting for their frequency, this adds about 1%-point to the probability of dwell time delays, or about 4% of existing dwell time delays. As expected, these delays are mostly concentrated on single-track lines with relatively dense operations. Considering that the railway sector is mature and under pressure to cost-effectively improve both capacity and punctuality, these results suggest an encouraging potential for improvement. Reducing the probability of delays even by a single percentage point would be valuable, and quantifying this contribution is helpful when prioritising resources and measures across issues and geographies.