Trimble (Germany)

Like many of you, I have never set foot in the University College London (UCL) Map Library.I've never browsed its shelves, opened the drawers, or sorted through the piles of antiquated maps that are older by decades than most of us.After reading The Library of Lost Maps, however, I have a sense of nostalgia for this room I've never entered and whose (now retired) librarian I've never met.The Library of Lost Maps is not so much a book documenting a miscellaneous bunch of maps, as it is a novel about a library.It reads as if it were a memoir of the library itself, with the author James Cheshire taking on the role of dutiful biographer.Each chapter introduces a freshly rediscovered map pulled from the back of a drawer that was last opened who knows how long ago, and walks us through its background, reception, and acquisition by the archive.Through this framework we are introduced to a cast of characters (that is to say, actual cartographers) whose methodologies and motivations bring us outside the walls of UCL and into the mapmaker's own time and territories.

<title>Abstract</title> In this paper, we present simulation studies of scintillation effects and tracking of global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-like signals propagating from a low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite through ionospheric plasma irregularities to a receiver on the Earth’s surface. Realistic strong scintillation effects are simulated by propagating signals through a phase screen based on real GNSS scintillation signals. Configurations with different phase screen altitudes, LEO satellite orbits, and scintillation severity levels are simulated. We first statistically analyze the number of fades, fading depth and duration, and phase rate disturbance in the signal. A software-defined radio receiver is then applied to process the simulated signals. The impacts of such signals on tracking performance, e.g., <italic>C</italic>/<italic>N</italic>₀, cycle slip, and loss of lock, are analyzed and compared with that of the same signal traveling through the same irregularity, but from a medium Earth orbit. The results provide a quantitative assessment of the effect of ionospheric plasma irregularities on LEO satellite signal transmissions and receiver processing.

The delivery of drugs into the eye is an important issue because there are physiological barriers to the delivery of drugs that include tear turnover, corneal impermeability, and nasolacrimal drainage. Traditional formulae do not readily attain therapeutic concentrations at the desired site and the need to develop new delivery systems has arisen. Non-ionic surfactant-based vesicular carriers (niosomes) have become a promising alternative to liposomes and conventional dosage forms because of their biocompatibility, stability and encapsulation of both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. The review indicates the concepts of the niosome technology, current development trends in the field of ocular applications, and the benefits of the niosome technology over the traditional systems. The most important studies that investigate the therapeutic outcomes of treating such conditions as glaucoma, conjunctivitis, retinal disorders are presented, as well as the problem of stability, scalability, and ocular irritation. The paper ends by identifying gaps in the research and proposing areas of future growth, which makes the niosomes an effective approach to transform ocular therapeutics.

An AI-enhanced threat intelligence tool can detect intrusions before they happen in complex multi-cloud setups. Traditional detection methods don't function as effectively because they can't adapt to changing scenarios or understand cloud activity. The proposed three-step methodology enhances data preparation, identifies multimodal anomalies, and generates semantic insights. It finds key danger patterns utilizing entropy-based filtering, temporal behavior modeling, and unsupervised threat categorization. These patterns are then interpreted using knowledge graphs and adaptive learning. The system's design evolves and employs feedback loops to improve detection logic and reaction protocols. Combining deep learning models with contextual risk information ensures high classification accuracy. Real-time choices with few false positives are possible. The tests demonstrate it's superior at discovering and running stuff. The system finds items 97.8% of the time, delivers real positives 96.9 %, and phony positives 1.5 %. It has the best practical features. The system achieves an AUC-ROC of 98.4 %, a threat response time of 105 ms, and exhibits strong scalability, robustness, and computational efficiency scores. These results demonstrate that the proposed approach is a reliable, adaptable, and extendable cloud security solution. This study establishes a solid foundation for artificial intelligence and contextual semantics to improve cyber resilience. This makes it suitable for massive, multi-cloud company infrastructures.

Abstract. The 17th century represented one of the most difficult climatic and social periods in the recent history of Europe, being marked by the transition to the Maunder Minimum, the peak of the Little Ice Age; marked by low thermal values, long and severe winters, rainy and cool summers, numerous dangerous climatic phenomena, a reduced number of normal years and seasons, famines, epidemics, etc. Taking these aspects into account, the present study aims to reconstruct, based on written historical sources, the climatic variability in the Principality of Transylvania during the 17th century. The emphasis is placed on the climatic phenomena generated by temperature and precipitation, as well as on the calamities associated with climate and their impact on society. The analysis identified a high prevalence of events associated with cold weather, 54 winters being mentioned as particularly cold in this century, of which 36 occurred during the Maunder Minimum (1645–1715). This interval was also characterized by numerous episodes of excessive precipitation and a clear imbalance between events associated with excessive humidity and drought. Variable climatic conditions caused poor harvests, famine, high prices and favoured the emergence of severe epidemics and social crises. Correlating historical sources with proxy data from the natural archive confirms the exceptional character of this century and validates the reconstruction based on historical information. They also indicate that natural factors such as solar activity and general atmospheric circulation generated the colder and wetter climate in 17th-century Transylvania, especially during the winters of the Maunder Minimum.

Optimal placement of switches and tie lines is an integral task in distribution system planning. Owing to the problem complexity and the presence of binary decision variables, using heuristic methods for obtaining a close to optimal switch and tie line plan is a common practice in industry. Efforts to employ mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) to guarantee the solution optimality also tend to sacrifice the modeling accuracy through oversimplifying assumptions to make the problem tractable. Aiming to tackle these challenges, we present an efficient, yet accurate, MILP model for optimal switch and tie line planning. The proposed model avoids common simplifying assumptions in the state-of-the-art MILP models while preserving the solving efficiency. In order to demonstrate the applicability and scalability of the proposed MILP approach, it is applied to multiple test networks, and the results are compared with those of a fast heuristic model. The outcomes not only represent the high efficiency and accuracy of the MILP model but also validate the close to optimality of the heuristic approach developed for practical applications as a module in a commercial distribution system planning toolbox.

To assess the potential of αvβ6-integrin as a theranostic target in esophageal cancer. Membranous β6-integrin (ITGB6) expression was analyzed in 306 specimens of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) obtained by immunohistochemistry (IHC) from 100 patient cases (1, 37, 58, and 4 of grade G1, G2, G3, and G4, respectively). Ga-68 labeling of D0103 was done manually for preclinical experiments and fully automated for clinical application. Preclinical characterization of Ga-68-D0103 was performed in SCID mice bearing subcutaneous xenografts of H2009 (αvβ6-positive) or MDA-MB-231 (αvβ6-negative) carcinoma cell lines, by ex vivo biodistribution (10, 30, 90, and 180min p.i) and PET imaging (30, 90, and 180min p.i.)., without and with co-injection of gelofusine (4% succinylated gelatin). A patient with type-II diabetes (f, 68y, 115kg) with proximal G2 ESCC was investigated by Ga-68-D0103 PET/CT (193MBq) at 15, 45, 90, and 104min p.i.. 99% of ESCC cases were found β6-integrin positive by IHC, of which 48%, 31%, and 20% showed strong, moderate, and low ITGB6 expression, respectively, with no correlation to tumor grade. Ex vivo biodistribution of Ga-68-D0103 in H2009 xenografted mice after 30, 90, and 180min showed tumor-to-blood ratios of 6.8, 37, and 124, respectively; tumor-to-muscle ratios of 12, 14, and 36, respectively; tumor-to-liver ratios of 10, 17, and 14, respectively; and tumor-to-pancreas ratios of 20, 47, and 56, respectively. Co-administration of gelofusine did not change the tumor uptake but reduced the kidney uptake by 89% (from 178%iA/g to 19.1%iA/g, 90min p.i.), resulting in an 8.7-fold higher tumor/kidney ratio. µPET imaging in H2009 xenografted mice confirmed a high tumor uptake and low background already 30min p.i.. Blockade biodistribution and µPET in αvβ6-(-) MDA-MB-231 mice demonstrated target specificity. Clinical PET/CT of a patient with ESCC showed increasing tracer uptake over time in the primary tumor (SUVmax 9.0 and 11.3 at 15 and 104min p.i., respectively) and in a lymph node metastasis (SUVmax 19.5 and 28.3, respectively), and a decreasing blood pool activity (SUVmean 2.75 and 0.98, respectively). High (99%) membranous expression frequency and density on tumor cells underscores the potential of αvβ6-integrin as a theranostic target in ESCC, suggesting that αvβ6-integrin PET/CT imaging may adopt a role in re-staging and therapy guidance in this cancer type. The prolonged tumor retention furthermore indicates a therapeutic potential of αvβ6-integrin targeted radiopharmaceuticals when labeled with radionuclides such as lutetium-177, terbium-161, or actinium-225.

The development and production of intraocular lenses (IOLs) necessitate comprehensive measurements of their optical performance. There are various standards that describe methods for the image quality evaluation of IOLs. One of the measurement procedures described in the latest update of the according ISO norm introduces using broadband white light instead of narrowband illumination without providing an easy-to-use example for the model eye. This paper provides a brief overview of common model eye designs, shows a method to compare the optical designs of different model eyes, and presents, to our knowledge, a novel variant that is compatible with even the most demanding and recent standards.

IntroductionThis study examines the intersection of mental health services and gender-based violence (GBV) in Moldova, identifying knowledge gaps and assessing service capacity through a mixed-methods approach, including focus groups and a national KAP survey. The findings highlight the urgent need for specialized training and evidence-based interventions to improve mental health outcomes and GBV responses.ObjectivesThe study aimed to develop targeted interventions and training programs to enhance the capacity of mental health professionals in Moldova to address mental health challenges and gender-based violence (GBV) by identifying knowledge gaps, assessing practices, and providing actionable insights for improved service delivery and outcomes.MethodsThe study used a mixed-methods design, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative focus groups to assess knowledge gaps and training needs among mental health professionals in Moldova. A cross-sectional survey gathered quantitative data on perceptions of knowledge gaps, confidence, and training needs from a representative sample of professionals, including CCSM coordinators. Focus group discussions, held on the same day, provided qualitative insights into their challenges and suggestions for service improvement. This approach offered both breadth and depth, leading to evidence-based recommendations for addressing the identified gaps in knowledge and training.Results The study uncovered major knowledge gaps among mental health professionals in Moldova, particularly in psychopharmacology, child and geriatric psychiatry, and gender-based violence (GBV) management. These gaps, identified via surveys and focus groups, reflected a lack of confidence in applying modern protocols and navigating legal aspects. There was a strong call for continuous professional development, especially through structured training in underserved regions. Inadequate training negatively affected the quality of care, particularly in GBV cases, though professionals were eager to improve their skills despite regional disparities in resources. The findings underscore the need for targeted training and better resource allocation.ConclusionsThe study concluded that mental health professionals in Moldova face significant knowledge gaps, particularly in psychopharmacology, child and geriatric psychiatry, and managing gender-based violence (GBV). These gaps, along with insufficient training, negatively impact care quality, especially for GBV cases. Despite motivation to improve, professionals face challenges like limited access to updated training and regional disparities in resources, highlighting the need for structured, continuous training and equitable resource distribution to improve mental health services nationwide.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

The deployment of surface seismometers on the Moon and Mars has demonstrated their ability to recover both internal structure and seismicity of these planetary bodies.However, on planets with dense atmospheres and extreme surface conditions like Venus, seismometers deployed at the surface face significant challenges, including short measurement durations due to the high temperature limitations of the electronics and elevated background noise due to ground deformations generated by atmospheric dynamics. However, the relatively unconstrained internal structure of Venus is an important missing piece in our understanding of the formation and evolution of Solar System planets.In response, atmospheric seismology measurement concepts that rely on detecting infrasound generated by seismic waves -- already successfully demonstrated on Earth &amp;#8211; are being explored for Venus exploration. In this context, we present a comparison of the seismic wave detection capabilities for ground based sensors, atmospheric balloon sensors, and airglow imagers measurements concepts. We then examine the scientific potential of different airglow imager configurations, demonstrating not only their relevance for Venus seismology but also their applicability to broader, high-level science questions. Furthermore, we address technical challenges associated with such a mission concept. are also discuss. These discussions provide valuable insights for the design of future missions to explore Venus&amp;#8217; seismicity and internal structure.