Trisakti University

This study examines how conversational artificial intelligence (chatbots, virtual assistants, and large language model–based agents) shapes the customer journeys of travellers, guests, and visitors in hospitality and tourism, including hotel, online travel agency, and airline services. We consolidate dispersed findings into an integrated account that links conversational design levers, psychological mechanisms, outcomes, and contextual boundaries. Using a protocolised bibliometric–systematic review of Scopus (search window 2010–2025; final n = 71 journal articles), we apply transparent eligibility criteria, quality appraisal, structured coding, and bibliometric mapping across booking, concierge/guest service, recommendation/personalisation, and service recovery touchpoints. Evidence indicates that response speed, message concision, empathic style, anthropomorphism, disclosure/explanation practices, visual/emoji enrichment, privacy-by-design features, and hybrid human handoff influence trust, perceived competence, reduced expectancy violation, perceived control, inspiration, and rapport. These mechanisms are associated with adoption and continuance, purchase and recommendation, satisfaction and loyalty, recovery effectiveness, and willingness to disclose data, with effects moderated by task complexity, failure severity, user traits, setting, and culture/digital literacy. From a practical perspective, this synthesis also provides guidance for hospitality and tourism practitioners on aligning large language model (LLM) capabilities with customer-journey touchpoints, calibrating response time and message concision to task and social context, implementing privacy-preserving personalisation, and maintaining human involvement in high-stakes or emotionally sensitive interactions.

BackgroundNano α-tricalcium phosphate (nano α-TCP) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) both possess bioactive qualities needed for pulp-capping materials. AgNPs effectively combat microbial infections without sacrificing cell viability, while nano α-TCP releases calcium and phosphate ions necessary for dentin regeneration. To assess the connection between composite structure and function, a thorough characterization utilizing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ion-release analysis, and pH measurements is necessary.PurposeThis study aimed to develop and evaluate a novel biocomposite composed of nano α-TCP and AgNPs for application in direct pulp capping. The investigation focused on the material's chemistry and physical properties, as well as its antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus.MethodsWe prepared combinations of nano α-TCP and AgNPs with varying concentrations of AgNPs. Subsequently, we analyzed the composites using XRD, FTIR, and SEM. The investigation also evaluated pH stability and the release of ions (Ca²⁺ and PO₄³⁺) at 1, 3, 72, and 504 h. Antibacterial assays were performed against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus.ResultsFTIR and XRD analyses confirmed that the functional groups and crystallinity in the nano α-TCP matrix remained unchanged following incorporation of AgNPs. SEM imaging demonstrated that the particles were uniformly distributed with minimal agglomeration. The 1% AgNPs concentration showed the best results, with a steady release of ions, a stable alkaline pH that helped with mineralization, good mechanical strength (according to ISO 9917-1), and strong antibacterial activity. The 1% AgNPs concentration also had the most potent antibacterial effect.ConclusionThe nano α-TCP/AgNPs composites, particularly the 1% AgNPs formulation, exhibited sustained calcium and phosphate ion release, stable alkaline pH, adequate compressive strength, and strong in vitro antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. These physicochemical and antibacterial properties highlight that this biocomposite is a promising candidate for future direct pulp-capping applications. However, its cellular responses and dentin regenerative potential must be confirmed through dedicated in vitro and in vivo studies.

Vital pulp therapy (VPT) preserves pulpal vitality by utilising bioactive materials that promote cell survival and regeneration. Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) and calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH) are biocompatible and osteoinductive, while acemannan, a polysaccharide from Aloe vera, exhibits immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. Their combination may synergistically enhance pulpal healing. This study evaluates the effects of a novel acemannan-integrated CPC-CSH (CPC-CSH-Ace) bioceramic on pH, human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) viability, and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) release. An in vitro experimental study conducted at ProSTEM (Prodia StemCell) Indonesia. CPC and CSH were combined with 3%, 5%, and 10% acemannan to form test group with NeoPutty and EndoCem Mineral Trioxide Aggregate as controls. pH was measured at 3, 24, and 72 h. hDPSCs viability (%) was assessed using MTT assays at 24 and 72 h, and TGF-β1 levels (pg/mL) quantified by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay after 7 days. Data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc test (P < 0.05). The CPC-CSH-Ace 3% group showed the highest cell viability at both 24 and 72 h (P < 0.05) and significantly increased TGF-β1 release (P < 0.05). This upregulation of TGF-β1 represents a key biological signal that promotes odontoblast proliferation and reparative odontogenesis - essential processes for successful pulp capping. All CPC-CSH-Ace groups displayed a slightly alkaline pH conducive to proliferation. The CPC-CSH-Ace 3% formulation showed superior bioactivity, indicating its potential as a novel material for VPT.

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is still a great challenge in the public health domain to this day. Sputum collection from TB patients followed by an examination of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) is a common diagnostic tool routinely done; however, it could lead to false negative results when the patient excretes saliva instead of sputum. Meanwhile, bacterial culture, which is the gold standard, is time- and labor-consuming. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a type of RNA that is small (18-25 nucleotides) and controls the function of messenger RNA (mRNA). MicroRNA is the 6th and most recent cell communication pathway discovered, as the secreted miRNAs are encased in exosomes and can circulate throughout the body and can be found in any body fluids including sputum. MiRNAs in TB patients associated with TB infection can be expressed as increased or decreased according to the severity of the infection. MiRNA-155 and 21 are miRNAs with increased expression in active pulmonary TB and decrease in the healing process, so both miRNAs hold the potency to be used as biomarkers to monitor the level of disease activity and the healing process.

Development gaps between regions are still a problem that occurs in several countries, including Indonesia. This condition causes an area to lag behind other regions, which ultimately results in poverty and low welfare. This is not in line with the concept of sustainable development, which emphasizes "no one left behind" with the existence of areas that are still left behind. This study aims to analyze the sustainability status of the underdeveloped regions in Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) Province, Indonesia, from economic, social, and ecological aspects and formulate alleviation strategies. The data used in this study was collected through secondary data obtained from the Ministry of Village Development of Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration (Kemendesa), as well as statistical data from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) Indonesia. Data was analyzed using Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries (RAPFISH) to determine its sustainability status and determine the best strategy for alleviating underdeveloped areas. The results showed that the economic dimension has a bad sustainability status compared to the other two dimensions, where there are only 3 districts with good status. Meanwhile, there are 7 districts with good status in the social dimension and 11 districts with good status in the ecological dimension. On the other hand, there are underdeveloped districts that have good sustainability in two dimensions at once. The most influential attributes of sustainability in each dimension include electrification, school participation, and disasters. The strategy for alleviating disadvantaged areas is through mainstreaming intervention programs in disadvantaged districts that have good sustainability on two dimensions and have the highest scores on each dimension. In addition, alleviation optimization is carried out through development planning, which leads to the most influential attributes in each dimension of sustainability.

Investment in renewable energy (RE) is significantly contributing to economic growth, environmental sustainability, and energy resilience. This economic growth is achieved by creating jobs, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and decreasing dependence on fossil fuels. Despite the significant RE potential in Indonesia, challenges such as pollution, limited infrastructure, and price fluctuations still hinder national independence. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the short-term and long-term relationships between renewable energy investment (REI) and economic growth, environmental sustainability, and resilience in Indonesia using the ARDL model and time series data from 2002 to 2022. Based on the analysis, the results showed that there was a significant cointegration relationship between the variables, suggesting the potential of REI to strengthen national resilience and support the transition to more sustainable energy. This study made an important contribution to understanding the dynamics of REI in Indonesia, providing policy recommendations to optimize economic and environmental benefits.

Lignin is the largest component of biomass and the second most abundant natural polymer. Lignin-based products are commonly applied as binders, and are utilized for polymer applications. The purpose of this study is to use lignin as an admixture in mortar. The lignin dissolved in 1M NaOH solution, and the ratio was 1:5 by weight. The lignin contents utilised in this study were 1%, 2%, 3% by weight of cement and a cement water rasio of 0.4. Lignin as an admixture in mortar increased the flowability value. The flowability value increased as the lignin content rose. the highest compressive strength and flexural strength occured at 1% lignin content. They were 35.71 MPa and it was 5.49 MPa, at the age of 28 days. The longest setting time was obtained at 3% lignin content for initial setting time of 285 minutes, and final setting time of 540 minutes. Based on the results of the setting time test, it has been determined that the more lignin was mixed in, the longer the setting time will be. Therefore lignin as an admixture to the mortar makes changes its characteristics.

Abstract In the digital age, complaints of eyestrain, or asthenopia, have become increasingly common. This condition is often associated with prolonged near-work activities, such as extended use of computers or digital devices, with reported prevalence rates ranging from 40% to 90%. Eye fatigue is influenced by a decline in the eye’s accommodative capacity. Optimal visual function and acuity contribute to reducing visual discomfort by enhancing contrast sensitivity – the ability to clearly and precisely discern the boundaries of microscopic or fine-detail objects. Materials and Methods The study design was observational analytics and a cross-sectional approach. The number of patients was 94 people aged 18-60 years, without having anatomical abnormalities of the eye in the form of corneal opacities, cataracts, turbidity of refractive media, and retinal abnormalities. Research instruments in the form of asthenopia questionnaires and Pelli Robson charts were used to examine eye contrast sensitivity. Results 84% of respondents in this study were aged &gt; 25 years, 72.4% had worked for &gt; 2 years, and 34% did close viewing activities for 2-5 hours/day. The incidence of asthenopia was 76.6%, and 96.8% had normal eye contrast sensitivity ability. Analysis using the chi-square test showed no significant relationship (p = 1,000) between contrast sensitivity and asthenopia. Conclusion There was no significant relationship between contrast sensitivity and asthenopia.

The Mamuju region in West Sulawesi, Indonesia, is a High Background Natural Radiation Area (HBNRA) characterized by a significant enrichment of high field strength elements (HFSEs) and rare earth elements (REEs) within its lateritic deposits. This study investigates the geochemical behavior, mineralogical distribution, and enrichment processes of HFSEs and REEs in lateritic profiles of drill cores and surface samples derived from alkaline volcanic rocks. The mineralogy and geochemical content of HFSEs and REEs in the alkaline bedrocks indicate its potential to become a source of lateritic enrichment. An intense lateritic weathering process leads to the residual accumulation of HFSEs and REEs, particularly in B-horizon soils, where clay minerals and Fe–Al oxides are crucial in element precipitation. Moreover, groundwater redox conditions are a key factor for uranium precipitation in the lateritic profile. The findings provide insight into the potential of lateritic weathering as a natural mechanism for HFSE and REE concentration, contributing to the broader understanding of critical metal resources in Indonesia. These insights have implications for sustainable resource exploration and environmental management in areas with high natural radiation exposure.

Abstract Background As the global burden of oral diseases rises, cost-effective solutions are needed to overcome accessibility barriers in oral healthcare. In Indonesia, geographical challenges further limit access to dental services. Teledentistry has emerged as a promising intervention to bridge these gaps by enhancing access to professional guidance and promoting better oral hygiene practices. This paper evaluates a Teledentistry initiative that aims to support progress towards achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC) for oral health. Methods This mixed-methods study evaluated the effectiveness of Unilever Oral Care’s Teledentistry initiative (the Tanya Pepsodent “Talk to a Dentist” programme) rolled out in Indonesia. The quantitative component compared oral health outcomes between individuals who voluntarily used an app (test group) and those who did not (control group). The qualitative component involved in-depth interviews with dentists to assess the app’s usability and feasibility in providing dental care. Results Quantitative findings showed that test group respondents adopted better brushing habits and experienced fewer difficulties with chewing and speech. They also demonstrated a stronger recognition of the importance of dental care by intending to reduce the interval between dental visits. Qualitative findings revealed that dentists viewed the teledentistry service as an efficient alternative due to its flexible availability, including on weekends. They also noted that it helped reduce dental anxiety among patients. However, some challenges were identified, including long wait times and usability difficulties. Conclusions The Teledentistry service enhanced oral health awareness and brushing behaviours, demonstrating its potential as an accessible digital health tool. While it fosters proactive oral care habits, maintaining long-term engagement may require continued professional support. These findings provide valuable insights into the role of Teledentistry in promoting oral health, though further research is needed to assess its sustained impact over time.