Trondheim Kommune

Carbon dioxide (CO2), a natural gas presentin the Earth’satmosphere, continues to produce a greenhouse effect that locks ourplanet into a trajectory of warming. In the global effort to combatthis concerning effect, various suggestions and ideas are constantlybeing considered and investigated. This report examines the CO2 adsorption capacity of two different dyn[4]­arene (D[4]­A)macrocycles by utilizing DFTB calculations. The most effective physisorptionof the CO2 molecules has been found to take place insidethe cavities for both structures. Furthermore, the ability of D[4]­Ato capture multiple CO2 molecules until saturation is achievedhas been investigated. Our findings highlight the unique propertiesof such macromolecules in adsorbing CO2 and indicate promisingresults for the A4 structures, in particular.

«Sommerfugler i magen» eller «magefølelse» er brukt i dagligtale for å uttrykke at vi kan kjenne i magen om noe er galt eller stresser oss. Historisk sett har vi lenge vært fascinert over forbindelsen mellom magen/tarmen og tankene/følelsene, og i nyere tid begynner vi å få et bilde av hvordan hjernen og tarmen kommuniserer. Tarm-hjerne-aksen (engelsk: «gut-brain-axis») er en betegnelse på et toveis kommunikasjonssystem mellom tarmen og hjernen som involverer nervesystemet, hormonsystemet og immunsystemet. Via tarm-hjerne-aksen kan hjernen oppfatte signaler fra tarmen som kan påvirke adferd, bl.a. appetitt, humør, grad av angst og depresjon. Signalene kan imidlertid under visse forhold bli forstyrret eller være misvisende. Derfor kan vi ikke alltid stole på «magefølelsen» vår.

Helsepersonelloven § 7 skaper utfordringer når helsepersonell skal behandle pasienter med gjentagende selvskading uten pasientens samtykke. Øyeblikkelig hjelp ved tvang resulterer i en negativ spiral for slike pasienter, og etiske utfordringer for helsepersonell. Gjennomgang av årsrapporter fra kliniske etikk-komitéer viser økt forekomst av henvendelser om slike saker. Vi diskuterer om helsepersonell kan la være å gi øyeblikkelig hjelp når det er prognoseugunstig. Vi belyser også etiske hensyn de kliniske etikk-komitéene skal ivareta når de skal rådgi. Vi argumenterer for at det er rettslig holdbart å avstå fra å yte øyeblikkelig hjelp ved gjentagende selvskading når slik hjelp er prognoseugunstig.

Transient global amnesia is an acute and temporary failure of the ability to form new memories. The underlying mechanism is not fully understood but is thought to involve dysfunction of the hippocampus, particularly Cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1). Traditionally, the condition has been regarded as rare, isolated and fully reversible, but recent data suggest a more complex symptom profile. The diagnosis is still based on criteria from 1990, established before high-field MRI was widely available. Although the diagnosis is clinical, MRI can provide important clarification for both differential diagnosis and therapeutic decision-making. This clinical review discusses the functional neuroanatomy of the memory system, possible pathophysiological mechanisms and diagnostic aspects of transient global amnesia.

ABSTRACTBackgroundDespite junior doctors' pivotal role as primary contacts for students in clinical placements, they are typically offered minimal or no mentor training, and their knowledge about how to facilitate student learning remains experience‐based. We developed a co‐mentoring program where junior doctors were offered training focused on student learning and agency, near‐peer support and the promotion of psychological safety.MethodsTo evaluate the intervention, we collected qualitative data using interviews, e‐mail prompts and a focus group among 13 junior doctors across four cohorts of mentor training. No baseline data were included. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The research aimed to explore the junior doctors' experiences of transitioning from an unclear supervisory role to a defined mentor role with a relational focus.ResultsMentors felt that they were making a significant difference to the students' learning and that focusing on relationship building and belonging enabled entrustment. Furthermore, mentoring was demystified after the training regime. Finally, the concept of collective responsibility throughout the medical department emerged as a crucial element in the mentoring dynamic.DiscussionRespondents suggested that the intervention had shifted their attitudes: Participants realized that establishing contact and actively collaborating with the students, also beyond the mentor's primary team, were beneficial for both students and mentors without demanding additional sacrifices of time or energy. However, the initiative did not manage to change organizational structures or create motivation in mentors to pursue further pedagogic development, underscoring the need to address structural barriers and promote a growth‐oriented mindset among mentors.

Development of accessible group exercise sessions is warranted for home-dwelling older people with cognitive impairment or dementia. This study aims to explore the experiences of participants in a group exercise session organized with volunteers both as instructors and as those providing support for the participants. This qualitative descriptive study reports on a primary analysis of qualitative data collected through semistructured focus group interviews with 12 people with cognitive impairment or dementia at three group exercise sessions in three municipalities. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Participants expressed an overall satisfaction with the new group exercise sessions. We found four meaning units forming a chain of support. The participants highlighted support to be motivated enough to engage in the sessions, support by offering transportation, the exercise content, and the role of instructors. Overall, the participants expressed that these exercise sessions had become a social arena for them, and all wanted to continue. Exercise groups can be a meaningful and social arena for people with cognitive impairment or dementia, through careful organization with volunteers and minimal involvement from informal caregivers. This study underlines the need for properly organized activities, outside the home, to overcome the challenges associated with participation for this population.

Background and objectivesPersistent headache has emerged as a symptom following acute COVID-19 and, to a lesser extent, after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate plasma levels of amyloid-related biomarkers in patients experiencing persistent headaches after COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.MethodsIn this prospective observational cohort, patients presenting with severe headache as the dominating symptom after COVID-19 (n=29) or SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (n=31) had neurological assessments with reassessments after 6 months. Plasma levels of amyloid precursor protein (APP), pregnancy zone protein (PZP), cathepsin L1 (CTSL) and serum Amyloid A (SAA1) were measured using ELISA and compared with levels in healthy controls (n=16).ResultsWe found a strong and persistent upregulation of APP in patients with headache after COVID-19 as compared with the two other groups. Notably, APP levels remained elevated at both inclusion and after 6 months in individuals with accompanying cognitive symptoms. In contrast, PZP levels were increased in patients with headache after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination at both time points relative to healthy controls. CTSL was only elevated in the post-COVID-19 at baseline, whereas SAA1 showed levels comparable across all groups.ConclusionAltered plasma levels of soluble markers, potentially reflecting changes in amyloid processing, were found in patients with persistent headache following SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, particularly in those with persistent headache after COVID-19. In the latter group, we also found some association with cognitive symptoms.Trial registration numbersNCT04576351 and NCT05235776.

1 0 0 7 / s 4 0 5 2 0 -0 2 4 -0 2 8 3 9 -yIn the originally published version of this article, an error originating from the provided dataset affected the calculation of grip strength, leading to an overestimation of grip strength for approximately 2,800 participants.This discrepancy arose due to a merging error by our data provider, HUNT databank, when transferring the registration fields for kilograms and grams from the paper-based protocol

BackgroundExternal causes of death, such as accidents, substance use, and suicide, contribute substantially to mortality during adolescence and early adulthood and show marked sex differences. Individuals born preterm are at increased risk of mental disorders, and impaired cognitive and executive functions, potentially increasing their vulnerability to death from external causes. We investigated sex-specific associations between gestational age at birth and mortality from external causes during late adolescence and early adulthood.MethodsIndividual level data from national health registries in Denmark (1978–2001), Finland (1987–2003), Norway (1967–2002), and Sweden (1974–2001) were linked to form nationwide cohorts. In total, 6,924,697 participants were followed from age 15 years to a maximum of 50 years in 2016–2018. Gestational age was categorized as “very/moderately preterm” (23–33 weeks), “late preterm” (34–36 weeks), “early term” (37–38 weeks), “full term” (39–41 weeks), and “post term” (42–44 weeks). Outcomes were mortality from external causes overall and from the largest subgroups transport accidents, suicide, and drugs or alcohol. We estimated sex-specific hazard ratios (HRs), with full term as the reference, and pooled each country’s estimates in meta-analyses.ResultsAcross gestational ages mortality was higher for males than females. Individuals born very/moderately preterm had higher mortality from external causes, with HRs 1.11 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.99–1.24) for males and 1.55 (95% CI 1.28–1.88) for females. Corresponding estimates for late preterm born were 1.11 (95% CI 1.04–1.18) and 1.15 (95% CI 1.02–1.29), respectively. Those born very/moderately preterm had higher mortality from transport accidents, but precision was low. For females, suicide mortality was higher following very/moderately preterm birth (HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.34–2.32), but not for males. Mortality from drugs or alcohol was higher in very/moderately and late preterm born males (HRs 1.23 [95% CI 0.99–1.53] and 1.29 [95% CI 1.16–1.45], respectively) and females (HRs 1.53 [95% CI 0.97–2.41] and 1.35 [95% CI 1.07–1.71], respectively, with some heterogeneity across countries).ConclusionsMortality from external causes overall was higher in preterm than full term born among both males and females. A clear sex difference was seen for suicide, where preterm birth was a risk factor in females, but not in males.

A national policy in Norway demanding certificates for medical absences in upper secondary school was implemented in 2016, leading to an increase in general practitioner (GP) visits in this age group. To assess the policy's effect on the use of primary and specialist healthcare. A cohort study following all Norwegian youth aged 14-21 in the years 2010-2019 using a difference-in-differences approach comparing exposed cohorts expected to attend upper secondary school after the policy change in 2016 with previous unexposed cohorts. Data were collected from national registries. The absence policy led to the increased number of contacts with GPs for exposed cohorts during all exposed years, with estimated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) in the range from 1.14 (95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.11-1.18) to 1.25 (95% CI 1.21-1.30). Consultations for respiratory tract infections increased during exposed years. However, there was no conclusive policy-related difference in mental health consultations with GPs. In specialist healthcare we did not find conclusive evidence of an effect of absence policy on the risk of any contact per school year, but there was a slightly increased risk of contacts with ear-nose-throat specialist services. We found an increase in general practice contacts attributable to the school absence policy. Apart from a possible increase in ear-nose-throat contacts, increased GP attention did not increase specialized healthcare.