Tula State University

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by damage to small and medium-sized vessels, the formation of granulomas, and the formation of antibodies to neutrophil cytoplasm (ANCA). The prevalence of the disease is steadily increasing, affecting the working-age population. Late diagnosis and delayed treatment lead to rapid progression of the disease and death. The article presents a case of granulomatosis with polyangiitis with damage to the kidneys, upper respiratory tract, skin, and vessels, ANCA-positive in a 49-year-old man. The diagnosis was made in a timely manner by a general practitioner, which allowed for the initiation of pathogenetically based treatment with glucocorticosteroids and cyclophosphamide, with positive results.

<p><strong>Context and relevance.</strong> In digital reality, the attachment of young Internet users to their avatar — the digital self-image — is linked to the search for life's meaning and the problematic pathway of identity development. However, little is known about the sign mediation mechanism associated with these phenomena. The theoretical basis of the research was cultural-historical theory, within which an attempt was made to interpret an avatar as a sign. <strong>Objective.</strong> To study the mediating role of the avatar in the development of virtual identity and life-meaning orientations. <strong>Hypothesis.</strong> The avatar identification characteristics mediate the connections between virtual identity, identification with the avatar, and life-meaning orientations. <strong>Methods and materials.</strong> The study involved 457 young Internet users of online platforms (M = 20,6, SD = 2,6, 67% female). The study measured the indicators of virtual identity (VISI), Purpose-in-Life Test, (PIL), avatar identification (IOS), and avatar identification characteristics (the “Who am I?” test with modified instructions). <strong>Results.</strong> The results showed that the social, physical, and reflective characteristics attributed to the avatar are mediators of the effects of the search for and acceptance of virtual identity on life-meaning orientations (Goals, Result, Locus of control) and avatar identification. This means that avatar-mediated identity enhances clarity in life goals and satisfaction with self-realization, while reducing the flexibility of meaningful control over behavior among Internet users. <strong>Conclusions. </strong>It has been shown that the semiosis of the avatar, mediating the preadaptive pathway of development of identity and life-meaning orientations, depends on the experience and gender of the Internet user. The materials can be used in the development of new methods of applying avatar technologies to foster the psychosocial well-being of young Internet users.</p>

Obesity has become one of the most serious health problems in the 21st century, affecting millions of people worldwide (approximately 42–43% of the adult population). However, there is a tendency to increase life expectancy in the world, which inevitably increases the frequency of comorbid pathology, one of which is sarcopenia. According to international experts, sarcopenia will become a global problem by 2045. The urgency of the problem of sarcopenic obesity is due to the steadily increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide. An important aspect that is often overlooked in the context of combating obesity is the preservation of muscle mass, which plays a key role in maintaining health and quality of life. The purpose of our review is to analyze data on the effect of modern drugs such as tirzepatide and semaglutide on muscle tissue.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains associated with a higher risk of mortality compared to the general population. The prognosis in RA is determined not so much by chronic arthritis as by comorbid diseases. The article presents data on the prevalence and structure of comorbid conditions, as well as the causes of death in patients with RA in different countries. Differences in comorbidity profiles and mortality among RA patients in European, Asian, and African countries are shown.

Metal nanoparticles are unique materials with diverse properties and a wide range of paramount applications in various scientific fields, from catalysis and electrochemistry to pharmaceuticals and high-tech composite materials. Among the many methods for producing nanoparticles, those that use renewable plant biomass or its extracts, as well as biogenic approaches for synthesizing nanoparticles within living cells, are particularly promising from the viewpoint of Green Chemistry and sustainable development. These techniques, which are part of the rapidly growing field of Nanobiotechnology, can help solve problems associated with the use of toxic or expensive chemicals and increase the sustainability and affordability of the production of nanoparticles and biohybrid materials based on them. This review explores various methods for creating nanoparticles from both precious and base metals, using a variety of reducing agents and enzymes found in plants and bacteria, as well as promising biochemical approaches involving the reduction of metal salts inside living cells.

The dynamics of the macroeconomic indicators in 2020 - 2024 testify under dissect about the intensive growth emergence of the domestic mechanical engineering. The authors outline the improvement directions of the government support measures of the machine-building enterprises.

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The article considers key issues related to the results of an experimental study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of the control of machined surface roughness in the course of tool wear and at modeling the process of rolling shaving of cylindrical gears during turning, with a special combined cutting and deforming cutter, a cylindrical workpiece divided into working sections. Considerable attention is given to analysis of the results of the experiment, which provides the opportunity to simulate, in laboratory conditions, the process of gear shaping of a large batch of gears. Roughness parameters of the machined workpiece sections are determined, and the boundaries of the onset of tool wear (according to this parameter) are established based on one of the key design parameters of the combined tool: the angle of inclination of chip groove walls.