Turkmen State Institute of Architecture and Construction

The article considers the solar energy resources of the Kara-Bogaz-Gol Bay as a “solar pond”. Using the developed physical and mathematical methods, the thermal energy potentials оf the accumulation of salt deposits in the bay were determined for the creation and use of energy technologies in industrial sectors. Thermal energy characteristics for the introduction of various solar energy storage technologies were assessed; according to preliminary calculations, the effi ciency of a solar reservoir is 1.14 % in winter and 1.46 % in summer. The solar energy potential of conversion into thermal energy varies from 40 to 70 % depending on the season of the year. The average temperature on the salt surface of the reservoir bottom in summer ranges from 55.04 to 79.8 °C, in winter from 20.0 to 25.6 °C. The obtained scientific results can be used in the deve- lopment of design and estimate documentation, preparation of feasibility studies for the creation of various solar energy technological complexes in the Caspian region, which will contribute to strengthening energy security, development of energy systems and production of autonomous technological installations and equipment based on solar energy, which will reduce the energy consumption of fossil fuels and improve the environmental situation in the Kara-Bogaz-Gol region.

As the nature management practice used today shows, it can be a deterrent in the development of the regional economy.Indeed, the development and condition of the economic sphere directly depends on the state of the environment, since, as before, a person receives most of the resources due to nature.Here, the environmental factor in the region comes to the fore.It is necessary to consider this aspect on the example of the Rostov Oblast.

 Given the constant development of the oil and gas industry and increasing requirements for well drilling efficiency, the study of concentrated slurry density control is critical to ensure drilling processes’ safety and stability and prevent adverse environmental impacts. The study aims to investigate the possibility of using an additive to pure Portland cemented slurry to form high-density concentrated slurry. The mentioned groups are crucial for creating robust cement formulations to line the wellbore at intervals with abnormally high pressure effectively. Laboratory experiments were conducted utilizing various equipment such as the ZM-1003 consistometer, “Sroki” autoclave, “Vicat apparatus,” and AzNII cone. These experiments were based on standard methodologies for analyzing cement slurry and paste properties. During these tests, a particular reagent was introduced, demonstrating the ability to plasticize cement slurries, enhancing their fluidity and enabling precise control over the density of concentrated slurries. The laboratory findings regarding the control of concentrated slurry density were particularly noteworthy. These experiments involved analyzing compositions consisting of pure Portland cement and cement slurries augmented with the hyperplasticizer reagent. The results underscored this additive’s significance in enhancing cement slurry properties, offering improved fluidity and enabling effective density control. This contextualization highlights the pivotal role of the mentioned reagent in optimizing cement formulations for the challenging conditions encountered in well drilling and cementing operations. The added reagent was found to effectively plasticize the pastes, increasing their fluidity and reducing the water-cement ratio, which leads to the formation of paste with increased strength. The results of industrial testing of the reagent during cementing of production string in one of the wells confirmed the possibility of preparing concentrated slurry with a density of 2.4 g/cm³, thus ensuring successful cementing operations under high-pressure conditions. This study provides practical value for well drilling companies and cementing service providers, justifying the use of reagent-hyperplasticiser in concentrated slurries, which opens new perspectives for the creation of high-strength cement slurries when drilling wells, especially in conditions of abnormally high-pressure zones, thus improving cementing technologies and providing more reliable casing slurry strength.

The article "On the discrete part of the spectrum of an elliptic operator" examines the study of the nature of the spectrum, which consists in studying a set of spectral points depending on the behavior of coefficients in a differential operation, the type and nature of boundary value problems.The question of the structure of the spectrum of differential operators is important.Special attention is paid to the construction of functional calculus and the proof of the spectral theorem in its various formulations.

This scientific work summarizes the experience of drilling horizontal wells at abnormally high reservoir pressures in the Western part of Turkmenistan. The article describes in detail the choice of the layout of the bottom-hole assembly (BHA), drilling methods, the area of the angle set and the stabilization interval of the zenith angle, and also notes the importance of the quality of drilling mud when drilling horizontal wells. The work performed proves that drilling of horizontal wells is possible both at an early and late stage of field development and their drilling should be provided for when creating technological development schemes at the level of the field development project. Such work will find application for drilling deep horizontal wells with abnormally high reservoir pressures and will lead to an increase in hydrocarbon production, as well as organizational restructuring of horizontal drilling on a scientific basis. Keywords: oil recovery; geological structure; deviation; zenith angle; borehole; communication channel.

This research is motivated by the large number of divorce cases being sued in the Class 1 A Palembang Religious Court and the low success rate of mediation, even in 2019 nothing was successful at all. The problems raised in this study are First, what are the factors for the failure of mediation for divorce cases in 2019 at the Class 1 A Religious Court in Palembang. Second, how are the efforts of the Class 1 A Palembang Religious Court to overcome mediation failures for the coming year. The method in this study used the field research research method, which is a type of field research where the data was obtained based on field surveys conducted by collecting information through interviews with mediator judges at the Class 1 A Religious Court in Palembang. The approach used in this study is analytical descriptive, which describes the research object as it is in accordance with the existence and information found. The results of this study are, First, the factors that have resulted in the failure of the mediation of divorce lawsuits in 2019, namely the limited time and energy possessed by the mediator judge, the absence of the parties, the lack of knowledge about mediation, the strong will of the parties which is difficult to reconcile , the interference of a third person, the commotion created during the mediation process. Second, the efforts of the Class 1 A Palembang Religious Court in overcoming mediation failures in divorce cases to be sued for the coming year, namely the Mediator will be changed from a judge to a non-judge who has a mediator certificate, the litigants must attend the mediation process without being represented by attorneys, the mediator must also improve excellent service, mediators must be serious and experienced and can handle the atmosphere during the mediation process. Keywords: Mediation; Divorce; Religious Court

The article obtained systematized, scientifically substantiated gross, technical, economic and environmental energy resource potentials from the introduction and use of solar energy technologies. The technical, economic, and environmental priorities of power plants were assessed in terms of energy efficiency , fuel economy, and the impact on the environment per square meter from conversion to thermal and electrical energy in the city of Arkadag. Empirical formulas have been obtained for the implementation of solar energy technological structures and the preparation of design and estimate documentation.

Based on the analytical analysis of the eco-energy resource potentials of renewable energy sources and climate change, the potential for mitigation and costs, the strategy of Turkmenistan on climate change, energy demand and the greenhouse effect, options for reducing emissions, a heterogeneous class of renewable technologies (solar, wind, bioenergy, geothermal and hydropower). Research to date suggests that climate change is not expected to significantly affect the global technical potential for wind energy development, but changes in the regional distribution of wind energy resources can be expected. Climate change is not expected to have a significant impact on the amount or geographic distribution of geothermal or ocean and marine energy resources.

The creep mechanical properties of rock under dry-wet cycles are of great significance for studying the long-term aging stability of engineering rock and soil. In the past, there were few studies in this area, and most of the dry-wet cycle tests on rock samples did not conform to the actual stress state of the rock. In view of the shortcomings of these studies, this paper innovatively carried out the dry-wet cycle test of the rock under the continuous state of the stress field, and studied its mechanical properties. The specific method is to take carbonaceous shale as the research object, and use the soft rock shear rheological test system independently developed by our research group to carry out the shear creep test of carbonaceous shale under the action of dry-wet cycle. The test results show that the creep full-time curves of carbonaceous shale under different dry-wet cycles show a step-shaped curve shape. The dry-wet cycle has a significant effect on the deformation characteristics of carbonaceous shale. With the increase of the number of dry-wet cycles, the instantaneous strain of the rock gradually increases, the instantaneous shear modulus decreases from 596.650 MPa at 0 times to 365.199 MPa at 12 times, and the attenuation rate reaches 38.79%. The creep strain and cumulative creep strain become larger, the stress required for accelerated creep decreases from 3.29 MPa to 2.75 MPa, and the accelerated creep time in the third stage increases from 11.892 h to 5.316 h, and the creep effect is more significant. The long-term strength of carbonaceous shale decreases from 3.05 MPa to 2.49 MPa, and the decrease increases with the increase of dry-wet cycles. The more the number of dry-wet cycles, the smaller the undulation of the shear failure section of the carbonaceous shale, and the smoother the surface. The research results have important guiding significance for the long-term aging stability analysis of engineering rock and soil mass subjected to repeated dry-wet cycles.

One of the urgent problems of Turkmenistan is the development of the Karakum desert, which occupies 80% of the entire territory of the country. For the development of this territory, scientists are faced with the problem of energy and water supply. The priority direction of energy supply is the use of renewable energy sources (RES), and for water supply-the use of groundwater resources. The article considers the energy resources of solar energy for lifting water from various depths with the help of solar photovoltaic water-lifting installations (SFWL). The paper evaluates the technical and economic characteristics of SFWL, capital investments, investment costs, and energy efficiency of operating parameters when used in transhumance in the Karakum Desert. The results of the study will be useful in the preparation of a feasibility study (FS) for the introduction of autonomous SFWLs for the development of transhumance in the desert zone of Karakum.