Tver State University

Citizen-science datasets increasingly support long-term assessments of bird populations, but their value depends on how effectively historical nest inventories can be integrated with contemporary volunteer monitoring. I reconstruct the long-term traje

The isothermal molecular dynamics method and the LAMMPS software package have been employed to perform a comparative study of the stability of Pd5000Ni5000@Pt5000, Pt5000Ni5000@Pd5000, and Pt5000Pd5000@Ni5000 core-shell nanostructures during gradual heating from 300 to 2200 K. It has been revealed that all three homotopes retain their core–shell morphology up to the onset of melting. However, the ternary Pt5000Ni5000@Pd5000 nanoparticles have been found to be most stable: their melting begins at a higher temperature, and they partly inherit the core–shell morphology even after the completion of melting. A conclusion has been inferred about the relation between the higher stability of PtNi@Pd nanostructures and the effect of Pd surface segregation in ternary Pt–Pd–Ni nanoparticles. In turn, the pronounced surface segregation of Pd is explained by the fact that it is this component that has the lowest specific surface energy.

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the historical synanthropization of birds in medieval Novgorod and Tver (10th–15th centuries) through archaeological analysis of bird bones, revealing patterns of urban adaptation amid preservation challenges. Despite the poor recovery of avian remains, which biases assemblages due to postdepositional degradation, findings highlight early synanthropic integration: corvids (ravens, hooded crows, rooks, and jackdaws) and pigeons (Columba livia) emerged as key urban adapters. Extreme synurbanists like feral pigeons and Eurasian tree sparrows (Passer montanus) were documented by the 13th century, while magpies (Pica pica) and starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) showed later medieval colonization. Challenges in distinguishing true synanthropes from seasonal visitors (e.g., raptor prey) underscore methodological complexities, compounded by the absence of references in medieval texts. The study emphasizes the early role of human‐modified landscapes in shaping avian ecology and calls for advanced techniques to refine interpretations of urban bird remains in archaeological contexts.

The article examines the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in warehouse process management and its impact on the economic efficiency of logistics companies. The main areas of AI utilization, including demand forecasting, inventory management, robotics, and computer vision technologies, are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the experience of logistics companies such as DHL, Walmart, and X5 Group, which have successfully integrated AI into their operations. The article also explores examples of AI use in seaports, such as the Port of Los Angeles, where technologies have enhanced cargo flow management.The article presents the results of a survey conducted among logistics industry professionals, which identified the level of AI adoption, key areas of application, and expected benefits. It discusses both the advantages, such as increased accuracy and reduced processing time, and the challenges, including implementation costs and the shortage of qualified specialists. The role of AI in reducing operating costs and accelerating data processing in large-scale logistics chains is emphasized. As a result, the application of AI in logistics, while requiring significant investment, is transforming traditional management practices and leading to more efficient and sustainable operations.

ABSTRACTThis study reports the discovery of a fossilized left scapula of the extinct Miocene seal Cryptophoca maeotica within Hellenistic layers of Panticapaeum, an ancient Greek city on the Kerch Peninsula, Crimea. Excavated from a 4th‐century ad water cistern repurposed as a refuse deposit, the scapula represents a rare instance of fossil remains in an urban archaeological context. Morphological and biometric analyses, supported by the region's Miocene geological context, confirmed the species identification. The absence of human modification suggests that it was probably not used as a tool or ritual object. The find indicates that Hellenistic communities in Panticapaeum, a key center of the Bosporan Kingdom, may have collected such fossils as curiosities or symbolic items, reflecting engagement with the region's paleontological heritage. This discovery underscores the value of interdisciplinary approaches to studying ancient human–fossil interactions.

The article presents possible solutions to tasks 25 of the Unified State Exam in Informatics containing number masks. The considered methods for solving tasks include, firstly, the widely used call of the fnmatch function of the fnmatch module to check whether a number matches a given mask, secondly, using of string operations to check whether a number matches a mask, and thirdly, enumerating number ranges in cycles for numbers of the same digit capacity with subsequent checking of individual digits of numbers for compliance with the mask. Possible promising task 25 of the Unified State Exam in Informatics format of an advanced complexity level are proposed, requiring checking additional conditions, including conditions for: the parity of some digits of a number, the sum of digits of a number, the number of different digits of a number, the number of non-trivial divisors of a number. additional capabilities of the fnmatch function are described, a corresponding example of a task and program code are given. for the presented tasks and various types of their solutions, the developed competences of high school students in the field of programming are presented. It is shown that when developing competences in the field of programming on the described subject content, mathematical competences are also developed. The developed competences of students are included in the Key competences for lifelong learning framework as digital competences and STEM competences.

Ionic liquids were synthesized: 1-alkylpyridinium bromotrichloroferrates(III) [C5H5N–R]FeCl3Br, where R = H, C2H5, C4H9, C6H13, C8H17, C10H21, C12H25, or C16H33. All compounds were characterized by IR and visible spectroscopy data. Their thermal stability in air was studied in the temperature range of 25–600°C, as well as the thermal stability of 1-alkylpyridinium bromides. The influence of the alkyl chain length in the cation and the nature of the anion on the thermal stability of ionic liquids was established. A comparative analysis of the thermal stability of 1-alkylpyridinium bromides and bromotrichloroferrates was carried out. For ionic liquids with long-chain radicals, the critical micelle concentration was determined by conductometry. Surface tension isotherms were obtained and the main colloid-chemical properties were calculated.

Aim. Research of actual problems of labor activity of modern entrepreneurs.Methodology. A review and theoretical analysis of entrepreneurial activity research in labor psychology has been performed. Using the survey method, a questionnaire developed to study the current problems of entrepreneurs, an empirical study of 50 subjects of this type of work was conducted, statistical data were presented and the results were analyzed.Results. The conducted research has shown a discrepancy between the aspects of entrepreneurship studied and described in scientific sources and the real problems entrepreneurs face in their professional activities. It has been established that the most pressing problems are those related to professional selection and selection of qualified personnel.Research implications significance lies in the formation of a subject field, experimental research programs on current problems of entrepreneurs and the creation of a basis for the development of effective business support and development programs.

A numerical solution to the problem of the stress-strain state in a body made of an elastoplastic material with the sequential formation of several cavities in it after preliminary loading at finite deformations has been obtained and studied. To model plasticity, the Mises condition and the law of plastic flow associated with this condition were used. A general mechanical formulation of the problem is given based on the theory of repeated superposition of large deformations. The general solution algorithm is outlined. To solve the problem, we used the finite element method and its modification — the spectral element method. The solution was obtained using methods and algorithms of the engineering strength analysis system. Some results of numerical calculations are presented for the plane static problem of stress concentration in the vicinity of three elliptical cavities formed in a body of square cross-section in the case of plane strain. Effects caused by plasticity, geometric nonlinearity, and redistribution of finitedeformations were studied. The results were compared for cases of sequential and simultaneous formation of cavities.