Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology

The article continues the series of publications about the universum evolution of the Ancient Greek subcivilization of the Antique civilization and is devoted to the characteristics of its spirituality and culture in the context of complex processes of appropriation of essential human powers. It is shown that in the early period in Ancient Greece, as in the East, fetishism, totemism, animism, polydemonism developed in parallel and succession, but, unlike the East, ancient Greek Olympic polytheism is characterized by a pronounced anthropomorphism, and the priesthood never turned into a closed privileged caste due to the absence of a single state. Later, the strengthening of religion was facilitated by the formation of a mixed public-individual appropriation by the people's assembly and the ruling group of the majority of city-wide objects, including the proto-institutions and proper institutions of religion. It has been proven that the objective dialectic of the general civilizational and special ancient Greek, concrete historical principles of appropriation gives birth to philosophy and science in their classical understanding in the background of the democratization of the policies, the Great Colonization and the limited centripetal possibilities of mythology and religion. The middle position of philosophy between religion and science is emphasized. The assumption is formulated that the cosmogonic constructions of the first philosophers and scientists were inspired mainly by the mechanistic perception of the polis and the not fully conscious desire to improve its organization. More complex, median-synthetic forms of philosophical discourse, the interaction of science and religion matured later, in the dialectical teachings of Plato and Aristotle, which corresponded to the increasing complexity of the structure of the polis and the system of appropriation of its objects. According to Plato, a polis is impossible without free citizens, and their majority cannot be interested in its demise, the loss of independence, because together with it the mixed social and individual appropriation of their civil status will sink into oblivion. This demise may become inevitable if the private interests of many prevail over the interests of the city as a whole. Therefore, an ideal state headed by philosophers, in which interests are harmonized and optimized, is imperative. Aristotle's commitment to the methodology of the middle, which in his teaching appears multifaceted, universal, essential, and relative, is characterized. This allowed him to present the polis as a special economic system in which household and state economy, economy and chrematistics, commodity exchange, commodity-money circulation and the movement of money as capital interact. Aristotle was the first to outline the subject space of economic science with the problem of wealth in its two forms – genuine natural and imaginary monetary. From the standpoint of the historical synthesis of universality and medianity, socialization and individualization in the system of appropriation of the ancient Greek polis, the main achievements in the field of ancient literature, theater, architecture and sculpture, and applied art are examined. It is concluded that ancient spirituality and culture are characterized by a complex trialectic of the middle, the east and the west with the dominance of the middle, which provided the universum foundations, on the one hand, for its expansion, the birth and development of Hellenism, and on the other, for its world-historical significance, which cannot be denied, even with a solid baggage of modern knowledge about the richest treasures of human civilization.

In contemporary socio-economic conditions, the preservation and enhancement of women’s health remains a priority issue in the field of physical culture and health-oriented physical activity. A reduction in daily motor activity, the prevalence of hypodynamia, increased psycho-emotional stress, and sedentary lifestyles negatively affect women’s health status and physical fitness. This situation determines the growing need for effective, accessible, and scientifically grounded forms of physical activity aimed at improving the main physical qualities of women. Strength fitness is one of the most popular modern health technologies, as it combines strength exercises with elements of functional and conditioning training. Regular strength fitness sessions contribute to the development of muscular strength, strength endurance, speed-strength abilities, flexibility, and coordination, as well as to posture correction and optimization of body composition. These effects are particularly important for women of the first period of adulthood, for whom maintaining physical fitness and health has both preventive and functional significance. In addition, strength fitness training positively influences the functional state of the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems and improves psycho-emotional well-being. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of strength fitness training on the development of physical qualities in women of the first period of adulthood. The research was conducted using methods of theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature devoted to fitness technologies and women’s physical training. The analysis of scientific sources indicates that systematic strength fitness training leads to significant positive changes in physical fitness indicators, including increased muscle strength, general and strength endurance, speed-strength capabilities, flexibility, and coordination. Moreover, favorable morphofunctional changes were identified, such as a decrease in fat mass, an increase in muscle mass, improved posture, and prevention of musculoskeletal disorders. The findings confirm the effectiveness of strength fitness and substantiate the feasibility of its widespread use in health-oriented programs for women.

This study investigates the hot deformation behavior of electroslag remelted (ESR) 25Cr2Ni2MoV steel, focusing on the effects of deformation temperature and strain rate on flow stress, microstructure evolution, and dynamic recrystallization (DRX) mechanisms. Hot compression tests were performed at temperatures ranging from 1120 °C to 1210 °C and strain rates from 0.01 s−1 to 10 s−1 to generate true stress–strain curves. The friction and adiabatic temperature effects were corrected to ensure accurate results. The data reveal that the material exhibits a single-peak true stress–strain curve, characteristic of dynamic recrystallization softening. The flow stress is negatively sensitive to temperature and positively sensitive to strain rate. An Arrhenius-type constitutive model was developed, and the activation energy for hot deformation was determined to be 371.3 kJ/mol. EBSD analysis show that the recrystallized grain size is highly dependent on strain rate, with finer grains formed at lower strain rates (0.01–0.1 s−1). A processing map constructed at a true strain of 0.5 identified an optimal hot-working window at deformation temperatures of 1160–1200 °C with strain rates below 0.37 s−1, providing guidance for the forging process of large 25Cr2Ni2MoV steel.

The article examines the processes of transformation of education in the context of globalization and digitalization, in particular, trends in the development of lifelong learning and the introduction of digital educational technologies. It examines modern strategies for the formation of competencies in different countries of the world, including the USA, Canada, the countries of the European Union and Japan, and also analyzes Ukrainian realities in the context of integration into the global educational space. It is shown that digitalization, personalization of educational trajectories, development of open educational resources and introduction of innovative technologies are becoming key factors determining the effectiveness of continuing education. The importance of creating a national digital educational ecosystem integrated with European certification systems, which allows ensuring mutual recognition of qualifications, expanding academic mobility and adapting curricula to the needs of the global labor market, is substantiated. A theoretical and analytical model of the development of lifelong learning is presented, reflecting the complex interaction of global trends and national characteristics, allowing to predict future transformations of educational systems and optimize strategies for their development. The article emphasizes the practical significance of the results for higher education institutions, education management bodies and educational platforms, as they form an analytical basis for planning educational programs that meet the modern requirements of the knowledge economy and global society. Thus, the study demonstrates that the transformation of education in a global context contributes to the formation of competencies necessary for effective participation in modern society and creates conditions for the development of lifelong, flexible and inclusive learning. Keywords: globalization, lifelong learning, digitalization, transformation of education, competency-based approach

Safety, by definition, is a state of protection against hazards, which implies measures for reduction/evasion/exclusion of risks. Safety is relative, depending on the degree of implementation of measures in specific conditions. The concept of security should only be considered as a result of risk management. Modern risk management practice is the basic risk levels and balancing between the need to ensure a certain level of security and the economic feasibility of investment in security measures. In practice, despite the declared safety priorities, industries are balanced between investment in security and an acceptable level of risk, without considering the nature and degree of influence of security measures at the stage of their development. This method of balancing is characterized by the desire of business to formally meet the general standards of risk management in order to minimize costs, minimize social and other types of responsibility, for the sake of maximizing income, which is a common problem. This problem is particularly acute in the context of national and industrial security.

Abstract The research aims to enhance methods for distributing freight flows across a railway network to ensure unhindered access to public railway transportation services for shippers. The study was conducted using the methodological framework of railway operation theory in conjunction with operations research methods. During the research, a method for distributing freight flows across a railway network, taking into account capacity constraints of specific sections, as well as a method for allocating additional transportation costs among shippers, is proposed. The originality of the research lies in improving the methodology for distributing freight flows across railway networks under capacity constraints. The proposed method makes it possible to consider the interests of individual shippers when using public railway transport by identifying sections with capacity constraints and adjusting tariff distances accordingly. The applied relevance is confirmed by the fact that implementing the results can improve methods of organizing wagon flows and determining freight tariffs, taking into account the interests of both railways and their customers.

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The authors of the articles in this issue of the journal, answering the question: ‘Can the future of HEI libraries be predicted, or will it remain turbulent and uncertain?’, undoubtedly add intrigue and interest for colleagues from different continents with their reflections, facts and predictions. A thematic analysis of the articles allows us to identify seven clusters with different content focuses: (1) Open science, open education and research data; (2) Digital transformation of libraries and infrastructures; (3) Libraries in times of war and crisis; (4) The educational and pedagogical role of higher education libraries; (5) Communications, social media and user behaviour; (6) Cultural heritage, collections and periodicals; (7) Management, policies and inter-institutional cooperation. An analysis of the publications presented in issue No. 10 of the journal ‘University Library at a new stage of social communications development’ (UniLibNSD 2025) suggests that the transformation of higher education libraries in different countries during this turbulent time of change is twofold. On the one hand, it is predictable: in terms of open science, digitisation, repository development, research data management, information and digital literacy. These areas are shaped by international policies, technological trends and the expectations of the academic community. On the other hand, the transformation is taking place in conditions of turbulent uncertainty caused by war, crises, resource inequality, the rapid development of artificial intelligence, and changes in users' information behaviour. Thus, the modern library of a higher education institution in any country is developing at the intersection of predictable transformation and turbulent reality, where its stability is determined by its ability to simultaneously: first, systematically implement changes and integrate them into the institutional model; second, respond quickly to unpredictable challenges.