United States Department of Labor

Sign languages are often misunderstood as manual representations of spoken languages akin to how Braille represents spoken language. However, since the 1960s, linguistic research has demonstrated that sign languages are full-fledged natural languages, possessing rich morphological, syntactic, and expressive capabilities. The use of the visual-gestural modality and multiple articulators (i.e., hands, face, head, torso) give rise to modality-appropriate strategies for conveying grammatical, affective, and discourse-level information. In the lexicon, signs are typically distinguished by five key parameters: handshape(s), location of the hands in relation to the body, type and manner of movement, palm orientation, and nonmanual markers. Sign language morphology uses changes to these parameters to express derivational or inflectional meaning. Well-formed signed utterances require specific attention to nonmanual markers and the appropriate use of space, both of which play crucial roles in morphosyntactic and lexical expression. A signed translation that focuses only on manual lexical content while neglecting these additional dimensions risks producing a message that is unclear or misleading. I provide an overview of key morphological and syntactic structures found in sign languages, highlighting features that are especially relevant for Bible translation. Drawing from multiple sign languages, I note some common translation challenges and emphasize the guiding principle: “How do Deaf people talk about concepts like this?” 1 Through this lens, I underscore the importance of linguistic sensitivity to the natural ways in which sign languages can express biblical content.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of reimbursing medical cannabis for chronic pain within a workers' compensation framework. A program evaluation was conducted by the Colorado Division of Workers' Compensation's Alternative Pain Management Program to assess the feasibility of medical cannabis reimbursement. The program included medical cannabis, care coordination, and robust clinical oversight. Outcome measures were collected at baseline and over 12 months. The program demonstrated the feasibility of reimbursing medical cannabis under a coordinated care model. Upon program completion, the patient reported meaningful reductions in pain, improvement in function, increased quality of life, and psychosocial stability. A modest reduction in opioid use was observed. No adverse safety events occurred. This program evaluation suggests that medical cannabis reimbursement may be a viable option for very select workers' compensation patients.

Public land management relies on accurate visitor counts in order to understand and mitigate environmental impacts and to quantify the value of ecosystem services provided by natural areas. We build and test predictive visitation models suitable for publicly-managed parks, open space, and other protected lands based on multiple sources of digital mobility data including geotagged posts to social media platforms, community science observations, and a mobile device location dataset from a commercial vendor. Using observational visitation data series from the United States’ National Park Service, Forest Service, and Fish and Wildlife Service, we quantify the accuracy of statistical models to predict on-the-ground visitation using individual and combined sources of mobility data alongside other covariates. We find the predictive models performed best in settings where some on-site visitation data can be integrated into the models. On-site visitation data helps to account for meaningful differences in modeled relationships both within and across the three agencies considered. We find variation in the usefulness of the digital mobility data sources, with models combining multiple data sources outperforming those using a single source, including those based solely on mobile device locations. We discuss the practical implications of these findings as well as paths forward to improve visitation estimation on public lands.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-025-26926-w.

As part of a broader research path dedicated to the emerging risks of outdoor work activities, those natural environments have been considered which, in order to make them usable for tourist and sports activities, are subject to risk assessment and reduction/management by an economic operator: adventure parks, crags for sport climbing, via ferratas, bike-parks… Conducted with field experts and the Universities of Rome Tor Vergata and Cassino, this research has led to the creation of an AI-managed portal that works in a highly dynamic, interactive, and proactive (almost generative) way. It offers content on the topic of hazards, hazardous events, risks… of tourist and sports activities activities practiced in natural environments. Those who visit it will find the definition they are looking for, while the portal offers them others of similar and related content. It also offers them videos that clarify the contents, the possibility of 'playing' with the AI by challenging it to recognize hazards, situations and hazardous events in images, and that of assessing one's motor ability by performing exercises, measuring parameters, entering the measured values into the portal and obtaining a comparison with standard tables from the portal.

Disclosure: R.I. Gafni: Calcilytix Therapeutics. I.R. Hartley: Calcilytix Therapeutics. K.L. Roszko: Calcilytix Therapeutics. E.F. Nemeth: Calcilytix Therapeutics. K. Pozo: Calcilytix Therapeutics. R. Meadows: Calcilytix Therapeutics. E. Ferguson: Calcilytix Therapeutics. A. Mathew: Calcilytix Therapeutics. M. Roberts: Calcilytix Therapeutics. S. Adler: Calcilytix Therapeutics. M.T. Collins: Calcilytix Therapeutics.Autosomal dominant hypocalcemia type 1 (ADH1), due to activating calcium-sensing receptor gene (CASR) variants, manifests as low PTH, hypocalcemia, hypercalciuria, hyperphosphatemia and hypomagnesemia. Calcium and active vitamin D treatment worsens hypercalciuria, which may result in renal morbidity. Calcilytics are negative allosteric modulators of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) that decrease the sensitivity of hyperactive receptors to extracellular calcium and normalize biochemical abnormalities in ADH1 mouse models. This Phase 2b open-label study (NCT04581629) of the oral investigational calcilytic encaleret included 2 5d inpatient periods followed by a 24W outpatient period and then a long-term extension (LTE). Conventional therapy was stopped prior to encaleret initiation. After about 18 months in Phase 2b LTE, participants continued encaleret treatment in the CALIBRATE study LTE (NCT05680818). Thirteen adults with ADH1 were enrolled and encaleret was individually titrated to normalize albumin-corrected calcium (cCa). Encaleret was well-tolerated. There were 2 unrelated serious adverse events during the LTE: chest pain and post-surgical pain. There were no treatment discontinuations or withdrawals prior to the LTE; one participant withdrew during the LTE for family planning but subsequently re-enrolled without an intervening pregnancy. Mean±SD values taken pre-dose at P3W24 and LTEM36 compared to baseline (BL) are presented. PTH levels were low at BL (6.3±7.8 pg/mL [nl 10-65]) and normal at P3W24 (35.3±10.2) and LTEM36 (23.7±16.8 [p<0.01]). Similarly, hypocalcemia at BL (cCa=7.1±0.4 mg/dL [nl 8.4-10.2]) had normalized at P3W24 (9.0±0.5) and LTEM36 (9.0±0.3 [p<0.01]). BL hypercalciuria (395±216 mg/d [nl <250-300]) normalized to 202±83 at P3W24 and LTEM36 (162±103 [p<0.01]). BL blood phosphate (4.5±1.1 mg/dL [nl 2.3-4.7]) decreased at P3W24 (3.7±0.5) and LTEM36 (3.7±0.7 [p<0.05]). Blood magnesium rose (BL 1.7±0.2 mg/dL [nl 1.6-2.6]); P3W24 2.0±0.2; LTEM36 2.0±0.2 [p<0.01]). Bone turnover markers, adjusted for age, sex, and menopausal status by dividing by the upper limit of normal for each participant [nl 0-1], were low at BL (CTX=0.4±0.3; P1NP=0.3±0.1) and increased at P3W24 (CTX=1.15±1.0; P1NP=1.22±1.05) and LTEM36 (CTX=0.71±0.53; P1NP=1.37±0.98 [p<0.05; p<0.01]). Compared with screening, DXA Z-scores had decreased at LTEM24 but stabilized at LTEM36 (AP spine Z=2.6±1.5→2.2±1.6→2.2±1.6; Total hip Z=2.2±1.4→1.8±1.1→1.7±1.1; 1/3 radius Z=0.2±0.9→ -0.2±0.4→ -0.1±0.5, n=10-11 [p<0.05]). In patients with ADH1, encaleret corrected biochemical abnormalities and increased bone turnover, with stabilization of bone density by 42 months of continuous treatment. These consistent and sustained results are clinically meaningful and support ongoing efficacy and safety evaluation of encaleret as the first potential treatment for ADH1.Presentation: Monday, July 14, 2025

The shift to remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns about physical inactivity and musculoskeletal discomfort. This study proposes a sensing-based approach to assess and predict musculoskeletal symptoms among work-from-home employees. We collected heart rate (HR), metabolic equivalents (MET), and self-reported pain data across four time points from 36 participants. Using Temporal Convolutional Networks (TCN) and comparative models (Informer, LSTM, SVM, LR), we evaluated the relationship between physical activity and region-specific pain. TCN achieved the highest accuracy (97.86%) using combined MET and HR data. Our findings suggest that sensor-based monitoring paired with deep learning enables accurate, non-invasive pain prediction and can inform ergonomic interventions for remote workers.

Decades of research have recognized the phenomenon of repeat victimization and its policy relevance. Although there are continuing efforts to explain the theoretical underpinnings of repeat victimization, there are still measurement-related issues that limit our understanding of the topic and ability to inform interventions, including varying operational definitions, data constraints, and sampling and nonsampling error. In this article, we review theoretical advances in the literature over the past decade, propose operationalizations that can foster greater consistency across studies, comprehensively assess the data constraints around commonly used public data sources to study repeat victimization, and empirically demonstrate how one of these constraints—missing data—can be considered. Recommendations for future research in the area of repeat victimization are provided.

The extent to which an intervention is perceived as sociallyvalid significantly influences whether the intervention is selected,implemented, and maintained (Kern &amp;amp; Manz, 2004). Social-Emotional-Behavioral(SEB) interventions and evidence-based practices (EBPs) are often ranked with low socialvalidity by adolescents (McCoy et al., 2016). Interventionsdelivered through virtual reality (VR) report increased social validity withthis population due to life-like features improving motivation and engagement (Hew &amp;amp; Cheung, 2010; Mikropoulos&amp;amp; Natsis, 2011). Despite evidence on thepositive feelings, there is limited research on the effectiveness of VR-delivered instruction for building SEB competence in students. This study utilized a randomized control trial (RCT) toinvestigate the social validity ratings (i.e., acceptability, appropriateness,and feasibility) of middle school students using a VR-based social skillintervention, Virtual reality Opportunities to Integrate Social Skills (VOISS),compared to an evidence-based intervention, the Program for the Education andEnrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS). Participants within ten classrooms infour states were randomly assigned to VOISS (N=60) and PEERS (N=60). In bothconditions, participants experienced an estimated 300 minutes of theintervention spread out over two to four months. All participants were given anadapted Children’s Intervention Rating Profile (CIRP), the InterventionAppropriateness Measure (IAM) and the Feasibility of Intervention Measure (FIM)to determine their ratings of each intervention’s acceptability, feasibility,and appropriateness. Resultsindicate that a VR intervention (VOISS) has the potential to provide aneffective and socially valid means of delivering social communicationinstruction to middle school students.&amp;nbsp;

Este estudio analiza la evolución del mobiliario escolar en España entre 1952 y 1970, enmarcándola en un contexto de transformación pedagógica, industrial y tecnológica. Se identifican tres aspectos centrales: primero, la influencia de metodologías pedagógicas activas que demandaron mobiliario más flexible y ergonómico; segundo, los avances en diseño y materiales, como la integración de estructuras mixtas de madera y metal, impulsadas por innovaciones como el curvado de tubo metálico; y tercero, el impacto de políticas educativas y programas estatales que promovieron la modernización de las aulas. Entre los protagonistas destacan arquitectos como Miguel Fisac, Mariano García Benito y Rafael de la Hoz, entre otros, junto a empresas como Federico Giner, cuya producción refleja los cambios en las prácticas educativas y los avances tecnológicos. Este trabajo resalta la relevancia del mobiliario escolar como catalizador de nuevas dinámicas de aprendizaje, conectando diseño, pedagogía e industria en el periodo estudiado.