United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

Emotions are everywhere.Countries are now ranked based on their level of 'happiness' , voters' choices are influenced by feelings of anger and fear and recent research even suggests that feelings of joy and optimism can lead to a longer life. 1 Historians have also become preoccupied with the impact of emotions on the course of history itself and the processes of historical writing and remembering. 2One of the most emotionally wrought events in modern European history is the Holocaust.Between 1939 and 1945, the Nazi regime and its collaborators murdered nearly six million Jewish individuals and five million non-Jewish civilians. 3These numbers do not account for the extremity of emotional lives during the Holocaust.In Eastern Europe, shooting squads called Einsatzgruppen combed the countryside, rounding up, humiliating and killing Jews at point-blank range.In the West, Jewish families were crammed into rail carriages and sent on brutal journeys plagued by starvation and fear.

In this paper, we argue that atrocity prevention (AP) researchers face obstacles to inference and knowledge synthesis in the study of AP strategies and tools. We argue that researchers can begin to address obstacles to inference by using rigorous social-science methods and can address obstacles to knowledge synthesis through greater coordination and transparency about concepts, methods, and data. Our argument proceeds in four parts. First, drawing on a systematic review of three decades of research about AP tools, we survey key analytic obstacles to drawing conclusions about the effects of AP policy. Second, we survey four separate methods that researchers increasingly use to address some of these inferential issues in individual studies. Third, we survey the subsequent obstacles to synthesizing and aggregating conclusions from these studies, despite methodological advances. We conclude by offering recommendations about how researchers can conduct research that would be easier to synthesize across studies and some initial ideas about how analysts can use the existing body of research to inform policy decisions. In particular, we recommend that both researchers and practitioners adopt a “Bayesian approach” to interpreting evidence from the AP literature by thinking in probabilistic terms, using context-specific information about particular cases to refine estimates of the likely outcomes of AP tools based on more general evidence.

Abstract This source publication contains three categories of documents related to the Nazi German occupation of Poland, specifically the city of Lwów (Lemberg) in District Galicia of the General Government, which have been translated from German to English. The documents were selected for their relevance to ongoing debates and research questions evoked by the “third phase” of the Holocaust characterized by both widespread police searches for Jews and help offered by non-Jews to the fugitives, here set in the multi-ethnic context of Eastern Galicia between September 1943 and June 1944. Documents 1 to 4 are the German laws that formed the legal basis of decrees limiting Jewish residence and sanctioning punishment for their violation. Documents 5 to 7 are verdicts handed down by the Special Court in Lemberg (Sondergericht im Lemberg) on the basis of these decrees, in which the judges imposed the death penalty on the accused for giving refuge to Jews. Documents 8 to 11 are final reports regarding the arrests of Poles and Ukrainians, and the Jews whom they were sheltering, written by members of the Third Commissariat of the Lemberg Polish Criminal Police (PPK), which were sent to their supervisors in the German Criminal Police (Kripo).

Veronica Rozenberg. Jewish Foreign Trade Officials on Trial in Gheorghiu-Dej's Romania 1960–1964.Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2022. v, 291 pp. Appendix. Bibliography. Index. Illustrations. Tables. 45.00, paper. - Volume 83 Issue 1