Unitika (Japan)

Mazkur maqolada xalqaro tajriba asosida muhandislik ta’limida loyihalash kompetentligini baholash mezonlari va baholash metodlari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotning maqsadi - loyihalash kompetentligini baholash bo’yicha xorijiy ilmiy yondashuvlarni tizimlashtirish hamda baholash indikatorlarini aniqlashtirishdir. Metodologiya sifatida tizimli adabiyotlar tahlili, qiyosiy yondashuv va mazmuniy tahlil usullaridan foydalanildi. Tadqiqot manbalari sifatida 2006–2020 yillarda muhandislik ta’limida global va dizayn kompetensiyasini baholash bo’yicha e’lon qilingan ilmiy maqolalar (Lohmann va boshq., Cruz va boshq., Jesiek va boshq., Ortiz-Marcos va boshq.) tanlandi. Natijalarga ko’ra, xalqaro baholash tizimlarida loyihalash kompetentligini o’lchash ko’p komponentli mezonlar orqali amalga oshiriladi: dizayn bilimi, amaliy mahsulot sifati, analitik yechim va asoslash, hujjatlashtirish madaniyati, jamoaviy hamkorlik, taqdimot va himoya ko’nikmalari. Xulosa sifatida, loyihalash kompetentligini baholashda rubrikaga asoslangan, portfel va aralash (mixed-method) baholash metodlari eng samarali yondashuv sifatida asoslandi.

Abstract Background and purpose: Coronary artery disease (CAD) represents the leading cause of mortality on a global scale, with severe clinical events such as resuscitation or death occurring frequently during the course of hospitalisation. The utility of existing predictive models may be constrained by their incomplete utilisation of the depth of electronic medical records (EMRs), which could limit their effectiveness and scope. This study aims to develop and validate interpretable risk prediction models to predict severe clinical events in hospitalized patients with coronary artery disease, enhancing clinical decision-making and patient management. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study using EMRs from CAD patients admitted to Xiyuan Hospital between 2016 and 2024. The dataset includes structured and unstructured data extracted via natural language processing (NLP) from EMRs. We developed five machine learning (ML), including Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB), and Deep Neural Network (DNN). The discrimination ability was comprehensively evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC); sensitivity, specificity, and F1 score. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) were used to interpret model predictions. Results: Of the 6,971 patients included, 268 (3.84%) experienced severe clinical events during hospitalization. The DNN model demonstrated the best performance, with an AUC of 0.995 (95% CI: 0.985–0.999). The SHAP analysis demonstrated that the most significant predictors were the admission principal diagnoses of acute CAD, followed by the presence of urinary occult blood and the mental state of the patient. Conclusion: Using NLP and ML models to integrate data from EMRs enables early warning of severe clinical events in hospitalized CAD patients. The interpretable prediction models developed in this study can assist clinicians in more accurately predicting severe clinical events, thereby enhancing clinical decision-making and patient management.

Regenerating the true pulp-dentin complex in mature teeth with necrotic pulps or apical lesions remains challenging, and consistent clinical evidence of dentin bridge formation is limited. This report describes two adult cases treated with regenerative endodontic therapy (RET) using autologous dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and demineralized dentin matrix (DDM). In Case 1, a 33-year-old woman developed pulp necrosis with apical periodontitis in a maxillary left central incisor following traumatic subluxation. After canal disinfection, autologous DPSCs isolated from her extracted third molar were transplanted into the canal, and DDM particles were placed at the orifice as a capping scaffold. The contralateral traumatized but still vital incisor was monitored as a control. During 52 weeks of follow-up, the treated tooth regained positive pulp sensibility within 1 week, developed a dentin-like bridge exceeding 3mm at the orifice, and on 52-week MRI showed high-signal pulp-like tissue comparable to adjacent healthy teeth, whereas the untreated control lost vitality and underwent progressive pulp canal obliteration. In Case 2, a 48-year-old man presented with a maxillary left central incisor that had previously undergone root canal treatment and exhibited severe coronal dentin loss beneath an old crown. Orthodontic extrusion was performed to expose sound supragingival dentin, followed by RET with autologous DPSCs and DDM. Sensibility testing was not feasible due to coronal coverage; however, at 48 weeks CBCT demonstrated a well-defined dentin-like bridge extending from beneath the canal orifice into the coronal pulp chamber. In both cases, quantitative CBCT showed progressive increases in mineral density at the regenerated tissue, reaching approximately 75-80% of adjacent native dentin by the final follow-up. No adverse events were observed, and there were no signs of ankylosis, root resorption, or generalized canal obliteration. These cases suggest that autologous DPSCs combined with DDM can support dentin-like bridge formation and functional recovery in mature incisors, offering a potential biologically based alternative or adjunct to conventional root canal therapy for preserving structurally compromised teeth.

Kakadu plum (Terminalia ferdinandiana) reportedly has the highest ascorbic acid levels of all plants worldwide and its juice reactivates functions of the retinoblastoma gene (RB) product, a tumor suppressor gene. In this study, the juice of the Kakadu plum was fractionated to identify the constituent active compounds. A novel ellagitannin, named terminalagin, was isolated from Kakadu plum (Terminalia ferdinandiana) juice via bioassay-guided isolation. The structure was determined using spectroscopic analysis and partial hydrolysis. Terminalagin has a corilagin substructure and a 2,4-(S)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl (HHDP) ester moiety that is not usually found in natural products. The results of this study enrich the structural database of ellagitannins and should provide invaluable aid for their further utilization in cancer prevention.

Whether animals are self-aware has important implications for our approaches to both animal cognition and animal welfare. A landmark moment in animal cognition research was when great apes passed the mark-test and demonstrated mirror self-recognition (MSR). Animals that pass the mark-test are capable of visually self-recognising and considered to be self-aware. Other taxa, including a fish, the cleaner wrasse (cleaner fish: Labroides dimidiatus) have also now passed the mark-test, forcing a rethink of the mental and neurological requirements for MSR. Previous research has largely focused on which species can pass the mark-test, rather than the processes underlying MSR. Here, we marked mirror-naïve cleaner fish with an ecologically relevant mark resembling an ectoparasite and then undertook detailed behavioural observations after exposure to a mirror. We found that cleaner fish achieve MSR rapidly, implying self-awareness prior to mirror exposure. By observing the exact timing of MSR in individuals, we could also report previously undocumented differences in pre- and post-MSR behaviours, including post-MSR exploratory behaviour of the mirror’s reflective properties. We find remarkable parallels between the processing of MSR in humans and cleaner fish, suggesting that some aspects of self-awareness are conserved across animal taxa.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-025-25837-0.

This study investigates Brazilian teachers’ perceptions of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education using the TPU-AIED-Q instrument. Results from 143 respondents show generally positive attitudes, especially regarding AI’s impact on educational practices. Moderate concerns about ethical risks and limited AI knowledge were also observed. No significant differences were found across gender, institution type, age, or experience. The findings highlight the need for inclusive teacher training and policy initiatives to support critical and informed AI integration in schools.

Abstract Background Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a heterogeneous entity including patients with different phenotypes of near normal, normal, and supernormal left ventricular (LV) function. Objectives To assess the value of resting LV elastance (also known as force) with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) to identify HFpEF phenotypes. Methods In a prospective, observational, multicenter study, 2380 HFpEF patients were recruited from July 2016 to May 2024. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured. We assessed LV end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), EF, force (SBP/ESV), stroke volume (SV), arterial elastance (AE), ventricular-arterial coupling (VAC), and left atrial volume index (LAVI). Global longitudinal strain (GLS) was available in 1164 (48.9%) patients. 680 patients finished follow-up with a composite end-point of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs). Patients were divided into three groups: low force (< 25th percentile, Group 1, < 3.24 mmHg/ml), intermediate force (≥ 25th percentile and ≤ 75 thpercentile, Group 2, 3.24-5.48 mmHg/ml), and high force (> 75 th percentile, Group 3, >5.48 mmHg/ml). Results The 3 groups showed a gradient with descending values (Group 3>2>1) for SBP, EF, GLS, AE, and VAC, with the opposite gradient (Group 1> 2> 3) for EDV, ESV, SV, and LAVI values (all P<0.01). After a median follow-up of 16 months, 205 MACEs occurred in 138 patients. Cumulative MACEs rate was lowest in group 2 (14.7% person-year), higher in group 1 (16.1% person-year) and 3 (22.9% person-year, log rank p = 0.036). Conclusions HFpEF patients present with different LV contractile phenotypes, easily identified with resting LV force and volumetric TTE. The dominant hemodynamic feature of hypocontractile phenotype is a preload recruitment with larger LV EDV and normal SV, while the hypercontractile phenotype is characterized by a small LV with reduced SV. The hypercontractile and hypocontractile phenotypes are associated with a higher risk of subsequent events.

Symptomatic ulnar nerve (UN) dislocation is an under-recognized cause of medial elbow pain in overhead athletes. Traditionally, surgery has been considered when symptoms persist; however, advances in dynamic ultrasound (US) and US-guided targeted interventions may enable conservative treatment. Reports on long-term return to play (RTP) after US-guided physiotherapy remain scarce.A 20-year-old right-handed collegiate sidearm pitcher developed progressive medial elbow pain for one year, with acute worsening two weeks before presentation. Clinical examination suggested ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) strain and concomitant neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (N-TOS). Dynamic US revealed an anterior UN dislocation over the medial epicondyle during elbow flexion, which reproduced the patient’s pain.Management was performed using a stepwise strategy. Phase 1 targeted the proximal contributors (N-TOS) using scapular and chin retraction exercises combined with neural mobilization. Phase 2 addressed the primary distal pathology with US-guided perineural soft tissue mobilization, and skin-pinch traction was applied until movement of the myofascial trilaminar retinaculum (MTR) was confirmed under US, thereby improving the perineural tissue. This was followed by pain-free UN-sliding exercises.After 12 weeks, neural tension signs subsided, and pain during dynamic UN displacement diminished. A graded throwing program was completed, enabling RTP at five months. At the two-year follow-up, the athlete remained asymptomatic without recurrence, despite persistent painless dynamic subluxation on US.In this single-case report of an athlete with UN dislocation complicated by N-TOS, a stepwise, ultrasound-guided, target-specific physiotherapy approach is presented as a hypothesis-generating example of conservative management. The intervention, which included direct mobilization of the myofascial trilaminar retinaculum, facilitated a safe return to play, and no surgical intervention was required during the treatment course. In this case, ultrasound was used provisionally to monitor clinically relevant changes, such as visible improvement in neural gliding and reduction of perineural soft tissue irritation. Rather than serving as a generalized recommendation, these observations suggest a potential rationale for incorporating ultrasound into conservative management pathways.

Customer satisfaction is a key indicator of long-term success in the logistics industry. This study aims to empirically examine the simultaneous influence of service quality, price, and facilities on customer satisfaction among PT's customers. J&T Express, a major courier company operating amid Indonesia’s rapid e-commerce expansion. Data were collected from 200 active customers via a quantitative, cross-sectional survey. Service quality was measured using an adaptation of the five SERVQUAL dimensions. The data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4.0. Results indicate service quality is the strongest predictor of customer satisfaction (β = 0.46, p < 0.001), followed by price (β = 0.32, p = 0.004) and facilities (β = 0.21, p = 0.012). The structural model explains 62% of the variance in customer satisfaction (R² = 0.62). Further analysis revealed that responsiveness and tangibles were the most influential subdimensions of service quality. These findings suggest that PT. J&T Express should prioritize improving service responsiveness and physical service evidence while maintaining competitive pricing. This study provides empirical evidence on the relative importance of satisfaction determinants in the courier service industry and offers practical guidance for enhancing services.

Abstract As a solution to global environmental challenges and petroleum-resource depletion in the manufacturing industry, this study aimed to develop products completely made of bamboo, a highly sustainable material with considerable growth potential. A machining center was used to process bamboo cylinders into fine bamboo fibers with precisely controlled shapes. Forced vibrations, caused by the interaction between the cutting force and the natural vibration of the bamboo cylinder, resulted in variations in the fiber shapes. These variations result in nonuniform heating, during molding using pressure and heat. The correlation between the frequency and intensity of forced vibrations and cutting sound has been previously established, and a formula exists to predict the natural frequency of the bamboo cylinder from the cutting sound. The forced-vibration prediction formula was applied to the cutting sound measured during actual cutting operations. In the experiment, we evaluated the extent to which speed control is affected by residual values, delay times, and speed dispersion with respect to target values, using a prototype machine that can change the main axis rotation speed in real time to suppress forced vibration. The results indicated that bamboo-cylinder rotation of 24–40 times is optimal. However, even within this range, it was necessary to adjust the set value according to the relative importance of the parameters. This study contributes a real-time, sound-based control method that enables consistent fiber shaping during cutting, supporting quality improvement in molding and promoting sustainable use of natural materials.