Universidad Abierta Interamericana

A bstract We study spacetime four-point functions of chiral primary operators for superstrings propagating in AdS 3 × S 3 × T 4 from the worldsheet perspective, allowing for external states with arbitrary spectral flow charges. We work at small boundary cross-ratio and consider both extremal (supersymmetry-protected) and non-extremal configurations. The string correlators involve a non-trivial integration over the worldsheet moduli, and we demonstrate how the exchange of short and long strings is encoded in distinct integration regions. We interpret our results in terms of the operator product expansion in the boundary theory, and make explicit the precise matching with the available data for the relevant holographic correlators.

End-inspiratory pause (EIP) is traditionally discouraged in mechanically ventilated patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) because it shortens expiratory time (TE) and may worsen hyperinflation. Previous data in hypoxemic patients suggest that, at equal total inspiratory time (TI), shorter insufflations followed by EIP can improve CO₂ elimination. Whether this strategy is effective and safe in obstructive lung disease remains unknown. To evaluate whether a ventilation with high inspiratory flow and EIP reduces arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO₂) without increasing hyperinflation in mechanically ventilated patients with COPD undergoing controlled hypoventilation. Prospective, single-center, randomized, cross-over physiological study including sedated, intubated adult patients with acute exacerbation of COPD, PaCO₂ ≥45 mmHg, and no spontaneous respiratory effort. Patients were randomized to two 30-minute ventilation strategies in volume-controlled mode: conventional ventilation without EIP (VentNO−PAUSE) and ventilation with EIP (VentPAUSE), in which inspiratory flow was increased and 40–50% of TI was replaced by an EIP. Total TI and TE were identical in both strategies. Arterial blood gases, respiratory mechanics, and hemodynamics were recorded. VentPAUSE significantly reduced PaCO₂ (58.5 ± 9.4 to 52.6 ± 10.4 mmHg; P < 0.001) and increased arterial pH (7.31 ± 0.09 to 7.34 ± 0.08; P < 0.001). Ventilatory ratio decreased (P < 0.001), indicating improved ventilatory efficiency. Oxygenation improved (PaO₂ and PaO₂/FiO₂; P < 0.05), while the alveolar–to–arterial oxygen difference was unchanged (p = 0.813). Total PEEP and auto-PEEP were not affected (P > 0.999). PaCO₂ reduction was greater in patients with higher respiratory system elastance. In sedated, mechanically ventilated patients with COPD, a strategy using high inspiratory flow with a short inspiratory pause reduces PaCO₂ and improves oxygenation without increasing auto-PEEP.

La convergencia entre inteligencia artificial (IA) y tecnología blockchain se ha consolidado como un eje central de la seguridad financiera en el ecosistema FinTech. Este trabajo se basa en un análisis sistemático de la literatura que examina el aporte de ambas tecnologías en áreas críticas como la detección de fraudes, la protección de datos sensibles, el cumplimiento regulatorio (KYC/AML), la trazabilidad y la gestión de riesgos. Los resultados muestran que la integración de IA y blockchain fortalece la resiliencia de las plataformas financieras y optimiza procesos regulatorios, aunque persisten desafíos de escalabilidad, interoperabilidad, sesgos algorítmicos y marcos regulatorios incompletos. El trabajo sintetiza el estado actual, las principales limitaciones y las oportunidades de estas tecnologías para mejorar la seguridad en Fin-Tech.

La creciente integración de la Inteligencia Artificial conversacional en la educación superior está generando demandas emergentes de alfabetización digital, entre ellas el desarrollo de competencias para formular prompts eficaces en lenguaje natural. Este trabajo aborda la accesibilidad como una necesidad sociotécnica derivada de la falta de competencias socialmente distribuidas para interactuar con tecnologías emergentes. En este sentido, mejorar la accesibilidad implica fortalecer capacidades que permitan al usuario común aprovechar plenamente el potencial de la IA conversacional. El objetivo central de la investigación es construir una taxonomía de prompt que clasifique las propiedades estructurales, funcionales, contextuales y expresivas de estas unidades textuales. Desde un enfoque aplicado, el estudio toma como caso de referencia las interacciones con ChatGPT en la Universidad Abierta Interamericana, con el fin de proporcionar una base conceptual que permita luego derivar estrategias de prompting orientadas a la práctica académica. Los resultados preliminares incluyen una matriz de dimensiones, variables e indicadores elaborada a partir de revisión bibliográfica reciente y discusiones en el equipo de investigación. Estos avances constituyen un fundamento para fortalecer la alfabetización digital universitaria y promover un uso más significativo y equitativo de la IA conversacional.

Este artículo examina la construcción de la identidad profesional docente de Ivana, educadora de párvulos chilena, a partir de un incidente crítico ocurrido al inicio de su trayectoria profesional -la ingesta accidental de un sorbo de cloro (hipoclorito de sodio) por un niño-. Con una orientación biográfico-narrativa, se produjeron datos mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, biogramas y journey plots; se realizó un análisis temático guiado por la Teoría del Self Dialógico. Los hallazgos muestran una ecología de posiciones del yo en tensión y coalición —“yo funcionaria novel”, “yo profesional”, “yo sindical”, “yo directora” y “voz institucional”— y describen cómo la voz sindical opera como posición promotora, reconfigurando la atribución de responsabilidad desde la culpabilización individual hacia condiciones organizacionales y normativas. El incidente actúa como punto de inflexión y condensador biográfico, visibiliza tensiones entre cuidado, justicia y gestión del riesgo, habilitando un posicionamiento crítico que transforma afectos disruptivos (culpa, rabia) en responsabilidad situada y agencia. Se discuten implicancias para liderazgos transformadores, entornos de trabajo equitativos y formación centrada en reflexión crítica, justicia social y corresponsabilidad.

Introduction: The study exposed exclusive breastfeeding as a central public health strategy and a human right supported by international agencies. It pointed out that, although Argentina had high rates of breastfeeding initiation, continuity declined sharply due to technical, cultural, labor and social factors. She also highlighted the importance of colostrum as the first immunization, especially in premature newborns, as well as the particular challenges of adolescent motherhood, conditioned by biopsychosocial and vulnerability factors.Development: Throughout the work, public policies that had promoted breastfeeding protection were described, such as Law 26.873 and the 1000 Days Law, as well as the creation of Breastfeeding Friendly Spaces in work environments. The oropharyngeal administration of colostrum as an early immunological intervention was analyzed and strategies to promote breastfeeding in late preterm and early term newborns, who presented greater sucking difficulties and lower continuity rates, were detailed. The study also examined attitudes, beliefs and barriers affecting breastfeeding in adolescent mothers, and evidenced the impact of misinformation, unintended pregnancy and lack of socio-familial support.Conclusions: The analysis concluded that breastfeeding should be addressed as a multidimensional practice dependent on public policies, professional support and equitable social conditions. It affirmed that continuity of breastfeeding required specialized accompaniment, community education and specific interventions for vulnerable populations, especially preterm infants and adolescents, in order to ensure its sustainability and long-term benefits.

This study explores the utility of fractal dimension (FD) analysis in assessing structural alterations in coronary arterioles following 5/6 nephrectomy in rats, a widely used model for chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD is associated with a heightened risk of cardiovascular morbidity, partly due to microvascular damage. Structural changes in coronary arterioles-typically 10-150 µm in diameter-such as medial thickening, increased collagen deposition, and lumen narrowing, can impair myocardial perfusion and contribute to adverse cardiovascular outcomes. To quantitatively characterize these microvascular changes, we employed FD analysis, a mathematical approach capable of evaluating tissue complexity and self-similarity. This methodology enables objective quantification of remodeling in coronary resistance vessels under pathological conditions. Our findings suggest that FD analysis serves as a reliable marker for the evaluation of microvascular integrity in CKD and provides insights into the mitigating effects of pharmacological interventions targeting the renin-angiotensin system.

The anomalous origin of the coronary arteries is an infrequent congenital heart defect, and a left circumflex coronary artery originating from the pulmonary artery is an exceptional finding. This report describes the anomalous origin of the left circumflex coronary artery from the right pulmonary artery detected by non-invasive methods (transesophageal echocardiography and multislice computed tomography coronary angiography). The patient was a young sportsman who presented angina and had positive functional test for ischemia. For these reasons, he was referred to cardiac surgery and the coronary ostium was reimplanted in the aorta. The patient evolved with favorable outcomes.

Background: Dementia is a syndrome, generally chronic or progressive in nature, characterized by a gradual decline in cognitive function. It can be caused by various etiologies, and regardless of the underlying cause, patients exhibit a wide range of symptoms. Neuroleptics are considered first-line drugs for reducing dementia-related symptoms; however, their use is limited due to associated adverse effects. Several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of neuroleptics in managing symptoms associated with dementia; nonetheless, they also emphasize the need for cautious use due to the potential adverse effects linked to their administration.Materials and Methods: A retrospective and observational systematic literature review was conducted in 2025 at the Universidad Abierta Interamericana in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The search was carried out using databases such as PubMed, Medline, LILACS, SciELO, and Cochrane. Results: Five studies from the preselected bibliography that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. Conclusion: This study highlights the adverse effects associated with the use of neuroleptics in elderly patients with dementia. It is essential to recognize these effects in order to adequately assess the risk-benefit ratio of their use in each patient and to ensure proper monitoring during treatment.

This article presents a guide for the rehabilitation of patients with dental wear using a minimally invasive approach. It provides a structured treatment sequence based on the location and extent of wear, the disciplines involved, and the therapeutic approach. The LIT classification establishes a relationship between the magnitude of the lesion and the appropriate type and material of restoration. Tooth wear (TW) is a progressive, non-carious loss of dental structure caused by erosion, attrition, and abrasion, commonly affecting young patients. Its multifactorial origin and frequent association with other oral conditions demand complex, interdisciplinary management. Despite recent advances in diagnostic tools and treatment protocols, no existing classification integrates the extent and location of the wear and the specialties involved to treat the condition. This publication proposes a new system and structured approach to achieve predictable, conservative, and efficient oral rehabilitation. Rehabilitating worn dentition requires precision, interdisciplinary planning, and tooth preservation. This LIT classification links TW magnitude to restoration type and extension, improving diagnosis, communication, and treatment predictability. It emphasizes minimal invasion, appropriate material choice, and a personalized approach, guided by wear extent, patient-specific factors, and the need for clear communication and biological preservation. A structured treatment approach enhances predictability by aligning the clinician, team, and patient. Identifying pathology, integrating disciplines, and assessing TW are key to preserving dental structures and achieving long-term functional and esthetic success.