Universidad Católica San Pablo

Background: Disasters generate abrupt surges in humanitarian demand, requiring response strategies that balance operational performance with vulnerability considerations. This study examines how temporary Points of Distribution (PODs) can be planned and activated to support timely and equitable resource distribution after a high-magnitude earthquake. Methods: A two-stage framework is proposed. First, a modular p-median model identifies POD locations and allocates modular capacity to minimize population-weighted distance under capacity constraints; travel-distance percentiles guide the selection of p. Second, a SMART-based multi-criteria model ranks facilities using operational metrics and vulnerability indicators, including seismic and economic conditions and the presence of at-risk groups. Results: Evaluation of p values from 3 to 30 shows substantial reductions in travel distances as PODs increase, with an elbow at p=12, where 50% of the residents are within 500 m, 75% within 675 m, and 95% within 1200 m. The SMART analysis forms three priority clusters: facilities 24 and 9 as highest priority; 23, 4, 12, and 22 as medium priority; and the remaining sites as lower priority. Sensitivity analysis shows that rankings are responsive to vulnerability weights, although clusters remain stable. Conclusions: The framework integrates optimization and multi-criteria decision analysis without increasing model complexity, enabling meaningful decision-maker involvement throughout the modeling process.

Abstract When we come into contact with beauty, when we have an aesthetic experience, what precisely happens in us? We are aware that we perceive and know beauty in some way, but what kind of knowledge is it? Or, to put it perhaps controversially: is knowing the truth of an object the same as knowing its beauty? And if not, how does true knowledge differ from aesthetic knowledge? In this article we will try to propose some elements that would allow us to address a distinction in the light of the thought of Saint Thomas Aquinas between beauty and truth. In this way, the nature of aesthetic knowledge and the importance it has in the experience of the concrete reality of the human being can be better evidenced.

La pandemia de covid-19 condujo a cambios globales en diversas áreas, con gran impacto en la educación, mientras que el período de pospandemia trajo muchos desafíos, especialmente para los docentes. En el presente estudio se examinó el rendimiento académico y el desarrollo socioemocional desde la perspectiva de los docentes de educación inicial y primaria en Arequipa, Perú, en el retorno a la presencialidad. Con la participación de 151 docentes, se utilizó el método mixto con diseño convergente y, como instrumento de recolección de datos, un cuestionario ad hoc aplicado mediante la herramienta QuestionPro. Los datos cuantitativos fueron analizados utilizando el diseño descriptivo y el análisis de datos cualitativos se basó en el diseño exploratorio. Los resultados cuantitativos muestran que los docentes perciben que el 57% de los estudiantes alcanzan niveles satisfactorios en competencias comunicativas, matemáticas y habilidades socioemocionales. Los resultados cualitativos evidencian que el apoyo parental es la principal causa del nivel alcanzado por los estudiantes. En cuanto a los desafíos identificados por los docentes en el retorno a la presencialidad, estos se encuentran asociados al objetivo de la formación integral de los estudiantes, que comprende la adquisición del aprendizaje, el fortalecimiento de la socialización, el desarrollo de la autonomía, la atención socioemocional y los problemas de la práctica docente. Los desafíos identificados forman parte de la problemática de la educación en el Perú y deben ser enfrentados con políticas educativas que regulen y promuevan los niveles educativos y el diseño e implementación de programas orientados a la integración del apoyo parental.

Improving fibre quality traits is a key objective in alpaca breeding programmes. A total of 630 alpaca individuals managed at the Pacomarca experimental farm located in Puno, Perú, and subjected to selection for fibre quality traits were genotyped using the Affymetrix Custom Alpaca genotyping array (76508 SNPs). Two tests, the integrative Haplotype Score (iHS) and the number of segregating Sites by Length (nSL), aimed at identifying incomplete sweeps, were applied on all sample genotypes to identify selective candidate genomic regions spanning genes putatively involved in fibre production. The Cross-Population Extended Haplotype Homozygosity (XP-EHH) statistic was applied to two divergent subpopulations included in the total genotyped population: one less selected (reference; 49 individuals) and one highly selected (target; 127 individuals) to assess if some of the selective sweeps identified with both iHS and nSL were fixed in the target subpopulation. A total of 544 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified as candidate selective signals using both the iHS and nSL tests. Furthermore, 27 SNPs were identified as surrounding selective signals and further considered as candidate selective signals as well. A total of 509 candidate selective genomic regions covering 14.6Mb of the alpaca genome were constructed. Gene-annotation enrichment analyses enabled to identify 293 candidate genes in these selective candidate genomic regions. Up to 11 candidate genes (e.g. PTPRN, FRK, PTPN23, and PTPRT) were associated with Gene Ontology (GO) terms related to phosphorylation and dephosphorylation and 28 candidate genes (e.g. FOXP1, MITF, RNF10, and ZNF664) with GO terms related to RNA polymerase activity. These genes have been reported to play a crucial role in the development of animal hair follicles, as well as in regulating hair growth and quality across different livestock species. Functional annotation conducted allowed to identify four significantly enriched functional term clusters including a total of 32 candidate genes. These functional clusters may be involved in the modulation of fibre growth and quality as well as skin and hair follicle development. Moreover, enrichment analyses within candidate selective genomic regions identified with XP-EHH allowed to identify 54 candidate genes, 10 of which were also identified using both the iHS and nSL tests. However, no functional clusters were identified. The results presented suggest that the genomes analysed were shaped by directional selection for fibre quality traits, involving multiple chromosomal areas of the alpaca genome. This fits well with traits expected to be mainly controlled by genes of additive effect.

La presente investigación busca recabar y analizar información acerca de la manera de pensar de inmigrantes y nativos de la ciudad de Talca (Región del Maule, Chile) en cuanto a su experiencia frente al fenómeno de la migración. Para el desarrollo de la investigación se utilizó metodología cualitativa, mediante el análisis de entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los principales resultados dan cuenta de lo siguiente: la experiencia de la migración ayuda a generar más empatía frente a los otros migrantes, la sensación de reducción de derechos por parte de los migrantes, las diferenciación y sellos que dejan los migrantes según su nacionalidad y la creación de una fusión cultural con la chilena, que ya se está dando en la actualidad.

This study analyzes the psychometric properties of Young’s Internet Addiction Test (IAT) in a sample of university students from the city of Arequipa. A total of 317 students from a private university were evaluated (43.5% women and 56.5% men). This instrumental study estimated the test’s internal structure, reliability, and scoring norms based on the 19-item peruvian version. The results suggest that, after conducting exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, the unidimensional structure showed the best fit indices. Internal consistency was estimated using Cronbach’s Alpha and McDonald’s Omega, with highly optimal levels above .90. It is concluded that the test provides adequate evidence of validity and reliability, although its four-dimensional structure has not been verified.

Introducción: Las micro y pequeñas empresas (MYPES) enfrentan un proceso acelerado de transformación digital para aumentar su competitividad, lo que ha generado ventajas y oportunidades para incrementar las utilidades. Sin embargo, los débiles conocimientos, la falta de capacitación y el temor a la digitalización han llevado al cierre de muchas MYPES, especialmente en el sector comercio y servicios, aumentando el desempleo. Metodología: El objetivo del estudio es identificar las principales barreras para la adopción de la digitalización en las MYPES de Arequipa en el contexto post pandemia. El estudio es de tipo cuantitativo y se realizó un análisis exploratorio de los principales sectores económicos. Se aplicaron 267 encuestas a MYPES. Resultados: Los resultados evidencian los niveles de sostenibilidad en el crecimiento y la capacidad de adopción de nuevas tecnologías. La información oportuna y la rapidez en la implementación son cruciales para el desarrollo de estas empresas. Discusión y Conclusiones: Se concluye que la digitalización es clave para el desarrollo de las MYPES, pero se requiere superar barreras de conocimiento y capacitación para facilitar la adopción de tecnologías y asegurar su competitividad en el mercado.