Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia

As impacts of climate change on biodiversity are increasing globally, decision-makers urgently need scientifically robust, long-term monitoring data on biodiversity responses to inform effective conservation strategies. We designed a European-scale monitoring network to assess climate change effects on bat communities, integrating Species Distribution Models under current and future climatic scenarios with Spatial Conservation Planning tools to locate suitable monitoring site locations across the continent. The monitoring design followed a hypothesis-driven framework, defining projected species range shifts and community turnover as measurable indicators within the Essential Biodiversity Variables framework, and applying a statistically robust, standardized approach to assess climate-driven changes. The optimized site selection also incorporated practical implementation aspects, including workforce availability and variable levels of monitoring resources and efforts. In addition, we applied the monitoring network framework to a regional case study from Catalonia (Spain) that illustrates how existing national or subnational programs not originally designed for climate research can be easily adapted to detect climate impacts on regional bat communities, thereby providing a foundation for a future European-scale network built upon ongoing monitoring initiatives. The proposed continental network can support the European Union in meeting international commitments on biodiversity conservation and climate policy, while assisting Member States in fulfilling reporting obligations and implementing key policy instruments such as the Habitats Directive, Biodiversity Strategy for 2030, and Nature Restoration Regulation. The proposed framework offers substantial flexibility and scalability across both spatial and taxonomic dimensions and, although developed for bats, it is designed to be broadly transferable across geographic regions and taxonomic groups, providing a generalizable approach for climate-informed biodiversity monitoring.

The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 is known as COVID-19, and it can range from mild symptoms to severe clinical manifestations, including respiratory failure, pneumonia, and organ failure. Since its emergence in 2019, more than 7 million deaths have been reported worldwide. Vaccines have been the most effective strategy for preventing severe illness and death in patients who acquire the infection. Vaccines induce both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses; the latter is crucial in the immune response against SARS-CoV-2, as the effector mechanisms of T-cells are less affected by the high mutation rate of the virus and prevail through memory phenotypes, ensuring long-term protection. mRNA vaccines have been primarily used worldwide to control the COVID-19 pandemic. This platform can protect against different circulating variants and is characterized by generating a robust T-cell response. This review discusses the immune response of T-cells induced by mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. It explores their effect on different population groups, including people with special clinical conditions, such as cancer and organ transplant recipients with a compromised immune system.

The main objective of this article was to compare socio-criminogenic characteristics between a group of inmates who exhibited penitentiary criminal recidivism and another group that did not, over a three-year follow-up period during which they remained free. The research was non-experimental, observational/analytical, with a comparative scope between groups. The sample consisted of 44 (63.8%) non-recidivists and a group of 25 (36.2%) recidivists. The 7D-63 Recidivism Questionnaire was employed as the assessment instrument, evaluating the risk in the Colombian penitentiary population. The study’s results lead to the conclusion that the main differences between the two groups were substance use, harm to individuals caused in the commission of the first legally sanctioned conduct, and the group execution of the first legally sanctioned conduct.

The evolution of public health surveillance has accelerated in response to digital transformation, expanding from traditional reporting systems toward integrated, data-driven epidemiological frameworks. This review analyzes how digital surveillance systems, big data analytics, and predictive modeling approaches influence population-level decision-making within international contexts, with particular attention to Latin American settings including Mexico, Colombia, and Ecuador. A structured narrative review grounded in the scientific method was conducted, synthesizing peer-reviewed evidence on surveillance modernization, computational forecasting, geospatial analytics, precision public health, and governance frameworks. The results indicate a predominance of digital and hybrid surveillance architectures integrating electronic health records, internet-derived signals, genomic sequencing, and environmental datasets. Machine learning approaches were more frequently reported than traditional statistical models, particularly in outbreak forecasting and real-time anomaly detection. Evaluation metrics most commonly emphasized timeliness and predictive accuracy, reflecting a shift toward anticipatory governance. Decision-support applications were primarily associated with early warning systems and situational awareness dashboards. Governance themes, especially privacy protection and legal interoperability, were consistently identified as critical determinants of sustainability. Regional analysis suggests that while high-income countries demonstrate advanced digital integration, middle-income contexts increasingly adopt hybrid models to balance modernization with infrastructure constraints. Overall, data-driven epidemiology strengthens early detection capacity and operational responsiveness when embedded within interoperable, ethically governed, and institutionally supported systems. The findings underscore that technological innovation must be accompanied by governance alignment and workforce capacity development to ensure equitable and sustainable public health transformation.

A experiencia da cooperativa educacional amosou resultados positivos na consecución de habilidades básicas de relación e presenta potencialidades na diminución do fracaso escolar. A sección de medio ambiente da cooperativa educacional Terra de Trasancos constituíu un contexto formal complementario ó da aula. Nela a relación entre socios/as está regulamentada polos principios cooperativos e os estatutos sociais, e perde centralidade a avaliación do profesor en forma de nota, o que facilita a colaboración, a axuda mutua e a solidariedade.

Neurogenic and chronic pelvic pain syndromes represent a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in urology due to their multifactorial nature, symptom heterogeneity, and frequent absence of definitive objective findings. Conditions such as chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome and interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome are characterized by persistent pelvic pain, commonly associated with urinary, sexual, and psychosocial symptoms, leading to substantial impairment in quality of life. This review synthesizes current evidence regarding the pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic frameworks, and multidisciplinary management strategies of urologic chronic pelvic pain syndromes. The findings highlight the predominance of neuropathic pain, neurogenic inflammation, and central sensitization as key mechanisms sustaining symptom chronicity, alongside variable contributions from inflammatory and pelvic floor dysfunction processes. Diagnostic approaches remain largely exclusion-based, supported by formal criteria and emerging phenotyping strategies aimed at improving clinical decision-making. Management evidence consistently supports multidisciplinary care models integrating urology-led evaluation with pelvic floor rehabilitation, pain medicine, and psychological or behavioral interventions. Taken together, the results underscore the necessity of mechanism-oriented, patient-centered, and multidisciplinary approaches to improve clinical outcomes and provide a robust educational framework for training clinicians in the management of chronic pelvic pain syndromes.

La eficiencia de la inseminación artificial a tiempo fijo (IATF) en ovinos es altamente variable y los factores que condicionan su exitosa implementación en esta especie no están completamente esclarecidos. Este estudio evaluó el perfil metabólico de ovejas sometidas a protocolo de sincronización hormonal de corta y larga duración. Para ello, 37 ovejas fueron distribuidas en dos grupos: Grupo A (n=20) recibió, en el día 0, una esponja intravaginal con 60 mg de acetato de medroxiprogesterona; en el día 14 la esponja fue retirada y, simultáneamente, fueron aplicadas 300 UI de gonadotropina coriónica equina (eCG, Novormon®). Grupo B (n=17), se le colocó, en el día 0, la esponja y su retiro se realizó al día 7, junto con la aplicación de 300 UI de eCG y 0,0375mg de D-cloprostenol (Prostal®). Todas las ovejas fueron inseminadas 52–56 h después del retiro de las esponjas. Las concentraciones séricas de glucosa, albumina, proteínas totales (PPT), colesterol, urea y nitrógeno ureico (BUN) fueron evaluadas los días 0, 14 y 29 y, 0, 7 y 22, en los animales de los grupos A y B, respectivamente. Los datos se analizaron con Chi-cuadrado y ANOVA. No hubo diferencias en la tasa de preñez; no obstante, las concentraciones de PPT, albumina y colesterol fueron mayores en las ovejas del Grupo B. En conclusión, la duración del protocolo no afectó las tasas de preñez; sin embargo, las ovejas sometidas a protocolo hormonal de corta duración presentaron un perfil metabólico compatible con condiciones favorables para la reproducción.

Este artículo contiene un estudio doctrinario cuyo propósito es explorar los desafíos existentes respecto de la codificación de la cláusula de responsabilidad civil en materia de contratos inteligentes. El análisis se ha realizado en función de los siguientes ejes: la protección de datos, los conflictos en la ejecución de las prestaciones, los daños derivados de este tipo de contratos y los desafíos regulatorios. El análisis se ha basado en trabajos publicados entre 2017 y la actualidad, en base de datos como Scopus, Jstor, Scielo y Dialnet. Asimismo, se ha incluido una exploración del panorama normativo en materia de protección del consumidor existente en Colombia, Perú y Uruguay. Los resultados de este trabajo muestran diversos tópicos que deben tenerse en cuenta, tanto por desarrolladores como por órganos reguladores, a fin de hacer frente a la especial vulnerabilidad del consumidor.

Nel contributo si presenta un bollo con onomastica trinominale emerso nel corso dello scavo di un gruppo di tre sepolture di età romana, rinvenute a Jesi lungo via della Granita.