Universidad Dr. José Gregorio Hernández

This paper aims to identify the characteristics of teachers' academic planning and its impact on the academic performance of general secondary school students in Venezuela and Latin America. The methodology is framed within a qualitative, descriptive approach and documentary design, based on the analysis of bibliographic and documentary sources. Two documents were reviewed: Curricular Transformation Process in Secondary Education (2017) and Science and Technology Study Plan of Venezuela. To broaden the panorama in the Latin American continent, 10 articles related to the topic with recent publication dates and in important databases were consulted. Regarding the data analysis, a comparative approach was adopted. The main findings indicate that planning is of utmost importance in educational work, resulting in a substantial improvement in academic performance. Teaching strategies are a fundamental part of planning and are of utmost importance when chosen by the teacher; they must be attractive, appropriate, and targeted to the population in question. According to the review of the documents, a significant deterioration in the conceptualization of a pedagogical paradigm appropriate to the needs of the Venezuelan people was evident. Furthermore, the science and technology plan proposes new subjects without a thematic and planning framework. Furthermore, the latest document, which will be gradually introduced into Venezuelan schools, the Science and Technology Curriculum, lacks the elements and characteristics of assessment, an essential element for effective planning.

The 21st Century Cures Act, which took effect in January2021, allowed Medicare beneficiaries with end-stage renal disease to enroll in Medicare Advantage (MA) plans. The dialysis industry is highly concentrated, with two large chains providing 75percent of Medicare dialysis treatments. Their market dominance allows them to negotiate substantially higher dialysis reimbursements from MA plans than from traditional Medicare, making MA enrollment financially beneficial to them. Applying a difference-in-differences approach to Medicare enrollment and claims data from the period 2017-22, we found that MA enrollment increased by a 5.7-percentage-point higher rate among patients treated in chain-owned facilities relative to those treated in independent facilities after the Cures Act, for an increase of 130percent of the pre-Cures Act mean within chain facilities. The differential MA growth in chain facilities was larger for racial and ethnic minority, dual-eligible, and rural patients. These findings suggest that the Cures Act may increase the financial strength of chain facilities, with disproportionate increases in MA enrollment among low-income and racial and ethnic minority populations with kidney failure who are treated in these facilities.

Cysts are common pathology in the maxillofacial area. The treatment of choice consists of enucleation, regeneration of the created defect and achieving a primary closure. The platelet rich fibrin (PRF), developed by Joseph Choukroun, has been commonly use in the area of oral regeneration, thanks to its biological properties; some literature suggests the application in cystic cavities to not only avoids the collapse of tissue but also help regeneration be achieved in a shorter time, however, changes in the nature of the cells and lack of evidence in the literature continue to be a controversial issue. To analyze the current state of clinical knowledge and the potential of the use of PRF in the regeneration therapy of cystic cavities either alone or as a co-adjuvant of other biomaterials through a systematic review of the literature. The selection of articles was carried out following the PRISMA statement for systematic reviews protocol, with selection of articles between 2006 to 2022, without discriminating in English or Spanish using a keyword algorithm "PRF jaw cyst," " Platelet rich fibrin jaw cyst," "platelet rich fibrin oral cyst," selected articles such as case reports, series of cases and comparative clinical studies were reviewed. A total of 33 articles were included in this review where 154 cystic cavities were evaluated, mostly radicular cysts, treated with PRF alone or as coadjutant of some biomaterial where a successful regeneration was evidenced in a period of 3-6 months, without any complications presented in post-surgical controls, but the lack of histopathological information was an issue in several articles. Although PRF seems to be a good regenerative therapy in oral surgery and no evidence was found that contraindicated its use in this cases, its applications in cystic cavities still needs more evidence in articles with less bias and more evidence such as comparative studies with control groups.

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar el rol del superviso educativo en el siglo XXI. La metodología del estudio consistió en una revisión documental donde se analizaron 40 manuscritos (artículos científicos) en bases de datos como Scielo, redaly, google académico, asimismo, se realizó un análisis biométrico mediante el software VOSviewer con la base datos de scopu (consultando 200 documentos), para esta revisión se diseñó un guía de observación y se definieron las palabras clave: que abordaron tanto los aspectos tradicionales como las nuevas perspectivas de la supervisión educativa. Los resultados develaron el supervisor en su rol de facilitador de procesos diseña programas de formación y apoya la integración de TIC (53.7%). El evaluador se encarga de aplicar y analizar evaluaciones, brindando retroalimentación y planes de mejora (53.7%). El gestor del cambio facilita la implementación de políticas educativas y promueve la innovación (92.7%). Finalmente, el investigador se mantiene actualizado y usa evidencia para tomar decisiones (97.6%). Estas funciones son clave para la mejora continua y la adaptación en la educación moderna.

This study explored the perspectives of interprofessional collaborative practice health care providers in 2 clinics in the southeastern United States. The research team conducted key stakeholder interviews with 22 health care providers between 2022 and 2023. Study findings revealed 4 themes: Interprofessional Team Roles, Value of Behavioral Health Integration, Holistic Patient-Centered Focus, and Empathy-Driven Health Care. Health care providers highlighted the importance of the resources available within the team and the role of empathy in establishing trust, respect, and care satisfaction among health care providers and patients.

El canal sinuoso es un conducto intraóseo ubicado en la región anterior del maxilar. La falta de conocimiento sobre la existencia o ubicación del mismo pueden generar riesgos durante algunas intervenciones quirúrgicas. Se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina de 65 años de edad, quien es referida por el endodoncista para realizar exodoncia de órgano dental 1.3. Se realiza evaluación imagenológica de tomografía computarizada de haz cónico maxilar, donde se observaron cortes coronales, sagitales y axiales. Como hallazgo imagenológico se observó una imagen hipodensa en forma de canal bilateral que mostró un recorrido por la pared lateral y piso de fosas nasales dirigiéndose hacia el reborde alveolar en el corte coronal. Es de relevancia clínica conocer sobre la existencia del canal sinuoso, el cual a pesar de ser descrito por algunos autores como una rara variación anatómica, es una estructura bastante común que contiene el paquete vásculo-nervioso alveolar anterosuperior, por lo que el conocimiento sobre sus características es de suma importancia para evitar posibles complicaciones trans o postoperatorias en los distintos procedimientos quirúrgicos realizados en esa región.

Individuals of color and of low socioeconomic status are at greater risk of experiencing community violence and food insecurity, which are both influenced by neighborhood conditions. We evaluated neighborhood collective efficacy as a linkage between community violence exposure and household food insecurity. Mothers from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study who completed phone surveys when the child was 3 (time 1, T1) and 5 years old (time 2, T2) were included (n = 2068). A covariate-adjusted structural equation model estimated direct and indirect effects of community violence exposure on household food insecurity. A covariate-adjusted multiple mediator model estimated the indirect effects of the 2 neighborhood collective efficacy subscales (informal social control; social cohesion and trust). At T1, 40% of mothers reported community violence exposure; 15% experienced food insecurity at T2. Mean neighborhood collective efficacy (range 1-5) at T1 was 2.44 (SD = 0.94). Neighborhood collective efficacy indirectly influenced the association between community violence exposure and food insecurity (indirect effect = 0.022, 95% CI = 0.007 to 0.040). Only social cohesion and trust contributed independent variance to the indirect effect model (indirect effect = 0.028, 95% CI = 0.001 to 0.056). Community-based efforts to reduce household food insecurity should emphasize building social cohesion and trust in communities experiencing violence.

El mixoma odontogénico es la tercera neoplasia odontogénica benigna más frecuente, se caracteriza por células estrelladas y fusiformes dispersas en una matriz extracelular mixoide abundante, presenta mayor prevalencia entre la segunda y la cuarta década de la vida, con predominio del sexo femenino. El propósito de este trabajo es presentar un caso de un mixoma odontogénico en el maxilar en el cual fueron utilizadas distintas herramientas imagenológicas para la resolución quirúrgica. Se trata de una mujer de 39 años, quien buscó atención en el servicio de cirugía maxilofacial del Hospital General del Oeste “Dr. José Gregorio Hernández”. La paciente presentaba un aumento de volumen leve concomitante dolor de moderada intensidad en tercio medio facial izquierdo. En la tomografía de haz cónico se apreció una imagen heterogénea que ocupaba toda la anatomía del maxilar izquierdo, isodensa en la mayoría de la imagen con algunos focos hiperdensos en su interior, invadiendo fosa nasal y desplazando el piso de órbita, la cual permitió planificar y realizar la biopsia para establecer el diagnóstico. Basándose en el diagnóstico histopatológico de mixoma odontogénico se determinó realizar una hemimaxilectomía izquierda y reconstrucción en dos tiempos, también planificada con base en los estudios imagenológicos que fueron imprescindibles para la resolución del caso.

A panel of 10 experts in obesity from various Latin American countries held a Zoom meeting intending to reach a consensus on the use of anti-obesity medicines and make updated recommendations suitable for the Latin American population based on the available evidence. A questionnaire with 16 questions was developed using the Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome (Result) methodology, which was iterated according to the modified Delphi methodology, and a consensus was reached with 80% or higher agreement. Failure to reach a consensus led to a second round of analysis with a rephrased question and the same rules for agreement. The recommendations were drafted based on the guidelines of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice. This panel of experts recommends drug therapy in patients with a body mass index of ≥30 or ≥27 kg/m2 plus at least one comorbidity, when lifestyle changes are not enough to achieve the weight loss objective; alternatively, lifestyle changes could be maintained while considering individual parameters. Algorithms for the use of long-term medications are suggested based on drugs that increase or decrease body weight, results, contraindications, and medications that are not recommended. The authors concluded that anti-obesity treatments should be individualized and multidisciplinary.