Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango

The Region Laguna is known for its poultry farming. This activity carries zoonotic risks. One of these risks is Salmonella, the leading foodborne pathogen responsible for a significant proportion of deaths worldwide. In this study, the specific prevalence of Salmonella in broiler chicken feed, drinkers and chicken manure samples on farms was determined, as well as the presence of genes that confer resistance to antibiotics. A total of 240 samples were analyzed, of which 80 samples of them tested positive for Salmonella, and the only serotype identified was S. Thyphimurium. The most frequently observed genetic profile of antibiotic resistance, at 26.25%, was the tetra-resistant ACSSu. Only three of the isolates carried all six antibiotic resistance genes, so they can be considered mult-resistant. The results indicate that, in poultry environments in the Region Laguna, there are strains of Salmonella with patterns of multi- antibiotic resistance.

Abstract BACKROUND Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation reactions of chicken fat allow renewable biofuel (CB) production with a high content of n ‐C 17 alkanes and diesel fuel‐like properties. Nickel catalysts deposited on carbon, obtained by combining wet impregnation and pyrolysis of used tires, demonstrated high efficiency in producing biofuels from chicken fat. The Box–Behnken design of experiments was used to determine the optimal combination of parameters for maximizing the yield of n ‐C 17 . Moreover, we evaluated performance and emissions in a four‐stroke, direct‐injection, CB40 vertical engine. Results The Ni/C9 catalyst achieved a conversion rate of 95.2% and a selectivity of 83.2% for the production of n ‐C 17 alkanes. The optimal conditions for obtaining the maximum yield of n ‐C 17 are 25 bar pressure, 8.91% Ni by weight, 339.2 °C, and 4.89 h reaction time. When comparing the performance of conventional diesel fuel with blends of CB biofuel and diesel, the blends containing 20% and 40% renewable biofuel (CB20 and CB40) resulted in a power loss below 0.6%. However, with CB40, emissions of CO, HC, NOx, and smoke were reduced by 19.6%, 21.8%, ca 4%, and 42.09%, respectively. Conclusion This study presents the synthesis, engine performance, and emissions test results of Ni/C catalysts using waste tire carbon and chicken fat waste. These catalysts yielded promising conversion and selectivity rates for the production of renewable biofuels. When blends of the biofuel with conventional diesel were used in a CB40 engine, significant reductions in pollutant emissions were observed, demonstrating its potential for industrial application. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

Soil erosion is a growing environmental problem in arid regions, where land-use changes and landscape fragmentation directly influence land degradation. This study estimated soil loss in the Tarabillas sub-basin, located in the Chihuahuan Desert, Mexico. To this end, the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) was applied and integrated with Geographic Information System (GIS) tools. Landsat TM and OLI satellite imagery were classified through supervised techniques, achieving overall accuracies above 89%. The analysis was supported by comparing erosion patterns associated with land-use changes occurring during the 1990–2021 period, assessed through cross-tabulation matrices and landscape metrics. The results show that although the average erosion potential of the sub-basin remained constant at approximately 12.45 t ha−1 yr−1, erosion redistributed spatially, concentrating in areas where agriculture has replaced natural vegetation. Shrublands and grasslands continue to dominate the high erosion categories due to their wide spatial extent and high erodibility. These findings highlight that fragmented agricultural expansion constitutes the main driver of landscape transformation and soil vulnerability, emphasizing the importance of integrating remote sensing, GIS, and empirical models to support sustainable land management in arid regions.

In 2019, pneumonia caused 740,180 deaths in children under five years of age, representing 22% of global mortality in this age group. During the COVID-19 pandemic, public health interventions markedly reduced the circulation of most respiratory viruses other than SARS-CoV-2, leading to significant post-pandemic shifts in respiratory pathogen epidemiology. This study aimed to characterize the epidemiology, clinical features, and risk factors associated with respiratory viruses and bacteria causing pneumonia in Mexican children during the late pandemic and post pandemic periods. Children younger than 14 years with pneumonia were recruited from seven hospitals in Mexico. Demographic and clinical data were collected, and nasopharyngeal swabs were analyzed using a multiplex PCR panel detecting 19 viruses and 7 bacteria. Univariate, bivariate, and logistic regression analyses were performed (SPSS v25). A total of 1715 children were included: 704 during the pandemic (2021-2023) and 1011 post-pandemic (2023-2025). Co-infections (72% vs. 65%, p < 0.001), virus-virus co-infections (25% vs. 11%, p < 0.001), and single viral infections (20% vs. 15%, p = 0.007) were more frequent during the pandemic. Pathogen detection was high in both periods, though negative samples increased post-pandemic (5.4% vs. 15%, p < 0.001). During the pandemic, the 5 most frequently detected pathogens were rhinovirus (66%), RSV A and B (38%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (30%), Haemophilus influenzae (28%), human metapneumovirus (13%). In the post-pandemic period, the 5 most frequently detected pathogens were rhinovirus (52%), Haemophilus influenzae (36%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (35%), RSV A and B (28%), metapneumovirus (11%). Rhinovirus and RSV predominated during the pandemic, whereas Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, parainfluenza viruses, Bordetella pertussis, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae significantly increased post-pandemic. Pediatric pneumonia epidemiology shifted from a predominantly viral profile during the pandemic to increased bacterial detections and virus-bacteria co-infections post-pandemic, alongside re-emergence of typical RSV and influenza seasonality. Higher mean age and rhinovirus as the most frequent pathogen persist after the pandemic. Sustained molecular surveillance and reinforced vaccination programs remain essential in the post-pandemic era.

Our current understanding of snake venom is highly biased towards species known to be medically significant in human envenomations. This vastly under-represents the true evolutionary and ecological breadth of snake venom, with gaps spanning entire clades and unique lifestyles. As a result, many genera of rear-fanged snakes lack well-understood venom profiles despite these taxa composing around 65% of known extant snake species. Methodological challenges associated with venom extraction have long been a key reason responsible for the lack of venom research on this group. Modern advancements in venomics technologies have allowed researchers to overcome many of these challenges and investigate the venom components of understudied genera. The genus Coniophanes (black-striped snakes) presents an ideal system for investigating venom and the venom delivery system in a rear-fanged venomous species with well-documented accounts of human envenomations. We sequenced and annotated de novo transcriptomes of the Duvernoy's gland (DVG) for seven individuals across four species of Coniophanes (Dipsadidae) and confirmed toxin expression in representative venom proteomes. We assessed interspecific venom variation within this genus and further examined intraspecific venom variation within C. imperialis. We found that toxins account for 38.8% to 66% of the total DVG transcriptomes and that 18 toxin families are represented in this genus, with prominent expression of cystine-rich secretory proteins (CRiSPs) in three species and snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) in all four species. In addition, we used diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced computed tomography (diceCT) to better understand the venom delivery system for C. fissidens, a widespread species within this genus, showcasing enlarged, grooved, rear fangs in close proximity to a prominent DVG. We provide the first ever characterization of the venom profiles of Coniophanes, highlight venom variation between and within species, and outline the venom delivery system of this understudied genus.

Anxiety disorders in the pediatric population represent a highly prevalent mental health concern whose pharmacological management has been consolidated through the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Among these agents, sertraline is one of the most frequently prescribed; however, its efficacy and safety in children and adolescents exhibit substantial interindividual variability, largely attributed to clinical, physiological, and genetic factors. This review aimed to analyze the current evidence on the efficacy, safety, and optimization strategies for sertraline therapy in pediatric patients, with a particular focus on pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic determinants that modulate therapeutic response. Available evidence indicates that genetic variants in CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and ABCB1 significantly influence hepatic metabolism, plasma exposure, and drug tolerability. These differences support the integration of pharmacogenetic testing as a clinical tool to individualize dosing and prevent adverse effects. In addition, population pharmacokinetic modeling has emerged as a valuable approach to design personalized therapeutic regimens, especially for patients with medical comorbidities or atypical metabolic profiles. In conclusion, the integration of clinical, genetic, and pharmacokinetic information into pediatric psychiatric practice may facilitate the advancement of precision medicine, promoting safer, more effective, and individualized sertraline-based treatments for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents.

Populus tremuloides is a tree species of interest due to the potential discovery of an adaptive history in its genome, making the correct isolation of its DNA essential. This study examined two extraction methods based on the Nucleo Spin™ Plant II kit, using growth buds from eight samples. Method 1 used buffer PL1, a homogenizer, and a 15-minute incubation with RNase; method 2 employed buffer PL2, glass beads, and a 45-minute incubation with RNase. Afterwards, the DNA was amplified by PCR. Method 1 produced an average DNA concentration of 137.9 ng/µL and a 260/280 ratio of 1.8 but showed DNA fragmentation on gel, which can affect some analyses. Method 2, although with a lower concentration (65.9 ng/µL) and a 260/280 ratio of 1.77, presented a clear band on the gel, indicating better DNA integrity. PCR was successful in both cases, but the greater DNA integrity in method 2 suggests it is more suitable for studies requiring intact fragments. Although method 1 offers greater quantity and purity, method 2 is preferable when DNA integrity is critical for genomic analysis.

Klebsiella pneumoniae es un bacilo Gram negativo encapsulado de la familia Enterobacteriaceae, presente en la naturaleza y la microbiota humana. Está asociado a infecciones relacionadas con la atención en salud, caracterizadas por resistencia a antibióticos betalactámicos y carbapenémicos, además de la formación de biopelículas, lo que afecta principalmente a pacientes inmunosuprimidos. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de cepas de Klebsiella pneumoniae resistentes a carbapenémicos, productoras de β-lactamasas de espectro extendido y formadoras de biopelícula en muestras clínicas. Se analizaron 122 aislamientos de pacientes hospitalizados y de consulta externa. La identificación y sensibilidad se evaluaron con Vitek® 2 Compact; la producción de biopelícula se determinó en agar Rojo Congo y se confirmó con cristal violeta. Los resultados mostraron que 100% de las cepas formaron biopelícula, el 14.75% fueron resistentes a carbapenémicos y el 22.13% de β-lactamasas. Esto concluye en un riesgo significativo de falla terapéutica y mayor morbimortalidad.

Objective: To taxonomically identify insect pests associated with pecan cultivation and assess the biological control efficacy of various bioproducts in the Guadiana Valley, Durango, Mexico. Design/Methodology/Approach: Insect pest quantification was conducted through leaf sampling, which involved the inspection of 100 leaves per orchard. This was achieved by randomly selecting 10 trees per orchard and collecting 10 leaves from each tree. The study was conducted in two phases: (1) fieldwork and (2) laboratory analysis. To evaluate the biological efficacy of entomopathogenic agents against the principal pecan pests, the following treatments were applied: (1) untreated control, (2) Beauveria bassiana, (3) Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, (4) Verticillium lecanii, (5) Metarhizium anisopliae, (6) neem extract, and (7) Bacillus thuringiensis. A randomized complete block design with three replicates was implemented, with the experimental unit comprising 15 tree rows per 100 meters. Results: Abundant rainfall during the sampling period resulted in the entomopathogenic treatments showing no statistically significant effect. Nevertheless, the primary insect pests associated with pecan cultivation in the Guadiana Valley were taxonomically identified, with the giant pecan aphid (Longistigma caryae) emerging as the most prevalent species. Limitations/Implications: The study’s limitations are influenced by the agroclimatic conditions of the location where the research is replicated. Findings/Conclusions: The principal insect pest orders and families affecting pecan cultivation in the Guadiana Valley, Durango, were successfully identified.