Universidad Nacional José Faustino Sánchez Carrión

El propósito de este estudio es desarrollar un modelo de previsión difusa de la situación del mercado laboral peruano, los datos que se emplearon para construir el modelo de previsión difusa, provienen del Reporte del mercado laboral diciembre 2023 (MTPE, 2023); el modelo se estableció a través de la variable lingüística “Situación del mercado laboral peruano-SMLP”, donde la variable lingüística se caracteriza por una tripleta que constituye un conjunto de términos donde la primera componente es el nombre de la variable, es un universo de discurso y es un nombre genérico para los elementos del universo de discurso; el producto del modelo creado con series de tiempo difusas resulta en: másmásmás este modelo “Situación del Mercado Laboral Peruano-SMLP” muestra una tasa media de error de pronóstico porcentual (TMEP%) de 2.28% inferior al 2.77% y 2.76% de los otros modelos; se determina que el modelo de previsión difusa de la situación del mercado laboral peruano es robusto y competitivo, además, analiza el comportamiento irregular y la tendencia del ritmo de crecimiento de los puestos de trabajo en el sector formal privado peruano.

Despite a decade of reforms aimed at strengthening higher education in Peru, significant disparities persist across universities in terms of student experience, competency development, and employability outcomes. Traditional evaluation frameworks tend to analyze these dimensions separately, limiting the capacity to identify structural factors that drive quality at both the student and institutional levels. This study proposes and empirically tests a Multilevel Model of University Quality (MMUQ) that integrates individual-level data (student satisfaction, perceived competency development, career readiness indicators) with institutional-level characteristics (accreditation status, resource allocation, faculty qualifications, and research productivity). Using a sample of 18,742 students nested within 42 Peruvian universities, the study employs hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) to quantify the extent to which differences in university quality can be attributed to student-level versus institution-level determinants. Findings reveal that institutional-level factors explain 31.4% of the variance in overall university quality scores, while student-level factors explain 68.6%, demonstrating that both levels contribute significantly but asymmetrically to perceived quality. Student satisfaction with pedagogical practices and perceived development of analytical and soft skills emerge as the strongest predictors of quality at the individual level. At the institutional level, accreditation status, faculty qualifications, and library digitalization index show significant positive effects on quality indicators, while research productivity has an indirect effect mediated by competency development. The model also identifies a strong positive association between perceived competencies and early employability outcomes, suggesting that competency development is a critical mediating mechanism linking university processes to labor market results. This research offers a novel integrated approach for evaluating higher education quality in Peru, moving beyond siloed indicators toward a dynamic and multilevel understanding of how satisfaction, competency formation, and employability interact. The proposed MMUQ provides evidence-based guidelines for policymakers, accreditation agencies, and universities seeking to design interventions that simultaneously strengthen student experience, academic formation, and labor market relevance.

Este estudio aborda el problema de la falta de estrategias financieras efectivas para la toma de decisiones gerenciales en el contexto peruano, un aspecto que repercute en la inestabilidad y el crecimiento inconsistente de las empresas. A través de una revisión bibliográfica de 20 artículos científicos, se busca comprender la influencia y el impacto de estas estrategias en la toma de decisiones gerenciales y detectar las tendencias existentes en la literatura. Los hallazgos revelan que las estrategias financieras juegan un papel crucial en la toma de decisiones gerenciales, contribuyendo a la optimización de los recursos y a la mejora del desempeño empresarial. Se observa un crecimiento en la literatura sobre este tema en Perú, lo que evidencia una creciente importancia de estas estrategias en el contexto peruano. Se concluye subrayando la necesidad de continuar investigando sobre este tema para fortalecer la gestión gerencial y financiera en las organizaciones peruanas.

El estudio tuvo como propósito analizar, desde la literatura científica, el rol de la tutoría universitaria como estrategia para garantizar la formación integral y contribuir al aseguramiento de la calidad educativa en contextos híbridos. Por medio de una revisión documental se buscó identificar enfoques, logros y tensiones en torno a la implementación de la tutoría como política de acompañamiento en una época de hibridación pedagógica. El análisis aporta diversos criterios y orientaciones que permitan fortalecerla, no solo como un requisito formal de gestión universitaria, sino como una experiencia curricular significativa para la óptima formación integral del profesional que demanda la sociedad y un pilar en el aseguramiento de la calidad en condiciones de hibridación pedagógica.

Excessive energy consumption in households represents a significant challenge to global sustainability, contributing to climate change. The United Nations (UN) estimates that the energy sector accounts for 60% of global greenhouse gas emissions, while the International Energy Agency (IEA) projects accelerated growth in global electricity demand. With this in mind, the mobile application for smart home energy management and consumption optimization was developed using the Cascada methodology. It integrates key functions, including device registration with associated energy consumption, real-time monitoring and control with alerts for surpluses, and detailed energy-efficiency analysis at monthly, quarterly, or annual intervals. For their evaluation, criteria such as innovation, functionality, technology, satisfaction, and usability were applied. The results obtained were high, with means of 4.03 and 4.04 on a Likert scale, respectively. Experts particularly highlighted the system's cross-platform compatibility (mean 4.50) and its ability to manage devices efficiently (mean 4.40), while users emphasized the intuitive interface (mean 4.00) and ease of navigation (mean 4.20). In addition, 48.3% of users rated satisfaction as "Very good", and 43.3% rated usability with the same score, reinforcing the effectiveness and acceptance of the application consolidating its practical value in real contexts and indicate a high degree of trust and commitment from users, showing the potential of the application to promote sustainability and optimize energy consumption in households, contributing to both cost reduction and environmental care.

La hidroponía en invernadero representa una alternativa clave y sostenible dentro de la agricultura orgánica, ya que contribuye significativamente a la conservación del agua y fomenta la producción de hortalizas saludables. En este contexto, la Técnica de Película Nutritiva (NFT) se destaca como un sistema hidropónico diseñado para optimizar el consumo de agua y nutrientes, consolidándose como una herramienta valiosa para la agricultura sostenible y la obtención de alimentos saludables. El suministro de nutrientes en los sistemas hidropónicos NFT busca simplificar la gestión para que los agricultores mantengan las cantidades de nutrientes ajustadas a las necesidades de las plantas, promoviendo un uso racional de los recursos. Aunque los sistemas de Técnica de Película Nutritiva (NFT) varían en tamaño, complejidad y composición, estos ofrecen una excelente vía para cultivar de manera sostenible y ecológica. Para validar esto, en un estudio se utilizaron 12 tubos de PVC, asignando tres tubos a cada nivel de espesor de la película de solución nutritiva. Se trasplantaron 7 almácigos en cada tubo, resultando en un total de 84 plántulas en el módulo hidropónico. Se observó que los cultivos cosechados en el módulo hidropónico piramidal, bajo condiciones de invernadero, exhibieron características físicas superiores, incluyendo altura, peso del fruto y desarrollo radicular, específicamente en el grupo P4. Los análisis foliares confirmaron una tendencia positiva en los niveles de macro y micronutrientes en las pruebas P3 y P4, lo que indica que el espesor ideal de la lámina de solución nutritiva se ubica entre los rangos evaluados en dichas pruebas. En consecuencia, la hidroponía en invernadero representa un método de producción eficiente que conserva el agua, prescinde del suelo y elimina el uso de plaguicidas.

Copepods play a critical role in aquatic food chains and are a key source of food in aquaculture, so optimizing their culture conditions is essential for their large-scale production. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal culture parameters of the copepod Oithona nana as a function of total population growth and the different stages of its life cycle. To this end, four experiments were carried out in quadruplicate, evaluating the effects of temperature, salinity, photoperiod and optimal microalgal concentration of Isochrysis galbana. Each experiment lasted 15 days. Temperatures of 20, 24, 28 and 32 °C were tested; salinity levels of 20, 25, 30 and 35 PSU; photoperiods of 12L:12D, 16L:8D and 24L:0D; and concentrations of I. galbana of 1 × 104, 5 × 104, 10 × 104, 15 × 104 and 20 × 104 cells/mL. Results indicated that the optimal temperature for the culture of O. nana, with significant differences compared to the other treatments, was 28 ± 1 °C. Regarding salinity, the optimal level for the total development of the population was 25 ± 2 PSU, while to maximize the percentage of copepodites, the most appropriate levels were 30 and 35 PSU. The light-dark regimen of 16L:8D promoted the highest total density of individuals, while 12L:12D and 16L:8D favored development of nauplii and copepodites. Finally, optimal concentrations of I. galbana that generated the highest densities of O. nana at all stages of its life cycle were 15 × 104 and 20 × 104 cells/mL. These findings provide key information for the development of optimized cultures of O. nana, which can improve its availability as a food source in aquaculture systems and favor the success of larval cultures in species of commercial interest.

<div><p><strong>Background</strong>. The Peruvian coast holds significant potential for expanding organic avocado cultivation, benefiting from optimal climatic conditions and increasing national and international demand for healthy foods produced through sustainable practices. <strong>Objective.</strong> To evaluate the sustainability and identify the critical points of the organic avocado production system in the Lima region, Peru. <strong>Methodology.</strong> Surveys were conducted among all producers with organic certification or in transition, located in four districts of Huaura province and one district of Barranca province—an area with a high concentration of organic avocado production. A multicriteria analysis was applied, incorporating 11 indicators and 25 sub-indicators of sustainability across environmental, economic, and social dimensions. These were standardized on a scale of 0 to 4 and weighted according to their importance. <strong>Results.</strong> All three groups of farms evaluated were sustainable, with average General Sustainability Index (ISGen) scores of 2.7, 3.4, and 3.1 for groups I, II, and III, respectively. However, critical points were identified, especially in Groups I and III, related to the irrigation methods. In Group I, a significant percentage of producers were still transitioning to organic certification and demonstrated low organic matter contributions. <strong>Implications.</strong> The results may contribute to improving the organic avocado production system in the study area, distinguishing it from conventional production through sustainable technologies and addressing critical points to strengthen its sustainability. <strong>Conclusions.</strong> Although all farms proved to be sustainable, critical issues, especially in groups I and III, need to be addressed to improve their future viability. </p></div>

Background: Health consciousness refers to an individual's level of knowledge and concern regarding the impact of food on personal health; sensory appeal to the influence of attributes such as taste, aroma, appearance, and texture on food preference; and perception of front-of-package (FOP) labels refers to how the presentation of nutritional information on the package affects product choice. Given the increasing concerns about unhealthy food consumption among university students and the role of FOP labels in guiding food choices, it is essential to understand how these factors influence purchase intentions. Objective: This study was to examine the relationship between health consciousness, sensory appeal, and perception of FOP labels with purchase intentions for unhealthy foods in university students. Methods: A cross-sectional predictive study involved 361 students from public and private universities using a non-probability purpose-sampling approach. Data were collected through a previously validated questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression. Results: The results revealed a significant positive association between sensory appeal and purchase intentions for unhealthy foods (β = 0.339; p < 0.001). In contrast, health consciousness (β = -0.296; p < 0.001) and perception of FOP labels (β = -0.237; p < 0.001) were inversely related to purchase intentions. Conclusion: These findings suggest that promoting health consciousness, improving perceptions of FOP labels, and addressing sensory appeal could effectively encourage healthier eating habits and prevent diet-related diseases among university students.

Este estudio analiza los factores de riesgo asociados a la preeclampsia, una complicación del embarazo caracterizada por hipertensión arterial y signos de disfunción orgánica, principalmente renal y hepática, que se presenta después de la semana 20 de gestación. Clínicamente, puede manifestarse con edema en extremidades inferiores, cefalea intensa y alteraciones visuales, y, en ausencia de tratamiento, puede evolucionar hacia eclampsia, una condición potencialmente mortal que incluye convulsiones. Para la presente investigación se revisaron expedientes clínicos en el Hospital Regional de Chiapas, seleccionando 22 casos de pacientes gestantes con diagnóstico de preeclampsia con datos de severidad. A partir de esta muestra se identificaron y clasificaron diversos factores de riesgo con relevancia clínica, tales como edad materna, paridad, antecedentes genéticos, obesidad, hipertensión crónica y estilo de vida. La identificación oportuna y el manejo adecuado de estos factores resultan fundamentales para la prevención y el tratamiento eficaz de la preeclampsia. Palabras clave: Preeclampsia, proteinuria, paridad.