Universidad Nacional José María Arguedas

La convergencia y la tasa de convergencia de una sucesión generada por un algoritmo es relevante en la complejidad computacional para la solución de problemas de optimización aplicados a diversas áreas como economía, ingeniería e inteligencia artificial. En este trabajo, se desea determinan la convergencia y la rapidez de convergencia de la sucesión generada por un algoritmo de punto proximal inexacto (API) con cuasi-distancias para encontrar puntos críticos de problemas de minimización una vez que la función objetivo satisface la condición de Kurdyka Lojasiewicz (KL). La metodología utilizada para este estudio consiste en el análisis de convergencia de la sucesión generada por el algoritmo que usa elementos de topología en el espacio euclidiano. Se prueba la convergencia y diversos tipos de velocidad de convergencia para una familia de funciones cóncavas involucradas en la propiedad de KL. Estos resultados pueden ser utilizados en aplicaciones donde la convexidad del problema no es garantizada.

In dengue endemic, resource-limited settings, accurate and timely diagnosis is critical for effective clinical management and outbreak control, especially where multiple arboviruses co-circulate and overlap in clinical presentations. However, most dengue diagnosis in such settings rely on approaches with limited sensitivity such as clinical assessment, or easily deployable methods such as ELISA or rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). Molecular diagnostics with superior diagnostic performance are rarely implemented beyond reference laboratories due to perceived logistical and operational barriers. This study provides real-world evidence comparing the performance of clinical, serological and molecular approaches for dengue diagnosis in a decentralized setting. We prospectively enrolled 271 patients with acute febrile illness at Santa Gema Hospital in Yurimaguas, Peru, during a dengue outbreak in 2023-2024. Patients underwent clinical evaluation (WHO 2009 dengue classification), and laboratory testing including NS1/ IgM RDTs and ELISAs, a triplex RT-PCR for ZIKV/DENV/CHIKV (ZDC-PCR), a newly developed multiplex RT-PCR for ZIKV/YFV/DENV/CHIKV (ZYDC-PCR), and a serotype-specific dengue RT-PCR used as reference. Diagnostic performance was assessed using sensitivity, specificity, ROC-AUC analysis, and logistic regression models. A subset of 131 samples underwent inter-laboratory comparison of the ZYDC-PCR between the regional (Yurimaguas) and central (Lima) laboratories. Of the 271 dengue-suspected cases, 88 (32.6%) were confirmed by the reference PCR. The ZYDC-PCR had a strong agreement with the reference (sensitivity 86.0%, Cohen's kappa 0.893) and consistent performance across the central and regional laboratory. NS1-based tests showed high specificity (≥96%) but moderate sensitivity (~72%). ROC analysis confirmed the accuracy of PCR (AUC = 0.97), outperforming RDTs, ELISAs (AUC = 0.85 to 0.89) and clinical assessment (AUC = 0.65). Our study demonstrates the added value and feasibility of implementing a multiplex PCR at a regional hospital to significantly improve diagnostic accuracy, enabling earlier detection of disease presence or absence, critical for clinical management and outbreak response.

Civil engineering today faces the challenge of responding to climate change, rapid urbanization, and the need to reduce environmental impacts. These factors drive the search for more sustainable approaches and the adoption of digital technologies. This article addresses three principal dimensions: advanced low-impact materials, resilient structural designs, and digital tools applied throughout the infrastructure life cycle. To this end, a systematic search was conducted considering studies published between 2020 and 2025, including both experimental and review works. The results show that materials such as geopolymers, biopolymers, natural fibers, and nanocomposites can significantly reduce the carbon footprint; however, they still face regulatory, cost, and adoption barriers. Likewise, modular, adaptable, and performance-based design proposals enhance infrastructure resilience against extreme climate events. Finally, digital tools such as Building Information Modeling, digital twins, artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and 3D printing provide improvements in planning, construction, and maintenance, though with limitations related to interoperability, investment, and training. In conclusion, the integration of materials, design, and digitalization presents a promising pathway toward safer, more resilient, and sustainable infrastructure, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals and the concept of smart cities.

There is an abundance of literature on students' evaluations of their teachers' didactic performance. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between teachers' didactic performance and its effect on students' didactic performance, with self-reports that have a solid basis in the substantive theory of such measurements. This study presents a cross-sectional and predictive analysis of the effects of teacher didactic performance (TDP) on student didactic performance (DPPS), examined through structural models that incorporate primary, second-order, and mediating factors within a causal framework. A total of 757 psychology students from a Peruvian public university (171 males and 586 females), selected by non-probabilistic sampling, participated in the study. The scales assessing student perception of teaching didactic performance and self-assessment of their didactic performance were administered. The structural regression model analyzing the direct and indirect effects of the six TDP criteria on the six DPPS criteria presented satisfactory fit indices: χ2(1048) = 2569.701, CFI = 0.928, TLI = 0.923, RMSEA = 0.044, SRMR = 0.064. This model demonstrates that the indirect effects of teaching performance, mediated by SDP criteria such as pre-current learning, illustration-participation, relevant practice, and feedback-enhancement, have a joint impact of 77% on the student criterion evaluation-application (transfer of disciplinary competencies). The second structural model analyzing the direct and indirect effects of the two second-order factors (teaching and formative assessment) of the TDP on the six criteria of the DPPS also presented adequate fit indices: χ2(1061) = 2564.619, CFI = 0.929, TLI = 0.924, RMSEA = 0.043, SRMR = 0.058. Together, the two second-order factors presented indirect effects with an overall impact of 69% on the criterion evaluation-application. Finally, the third model, which incorporates two chain mediators, analyzes the effects of the two second-order quantitative factors of the TDP on the two second-order quantitative factors of the DPPS. This model highlights that the highest ranking indirect effect between teaching and student criterion improvement-application occurs when formative assessment serves as a mediator. It is concluded that the possibility for students to improve, apply, and transfer their professional competencies to the solution of disciplinary problems depends on the optimization of formative assessment, which is linked to the teaching factor that corresponds to the teacher's didactic performance.

En estas notas se esboza el sentido de la justicia y la paz entre los quechuahablantes de la zona central del Perú. Para su comprensión, se presentan cuatro vocablos quechuas, sus significados y los sentidos que son concomitantes y están presentes entre sus habitantes, quienes distinguen entre allin kawsay, qali kay, qasi kay y hawkay kay para señalar el “vivir bien y mejor”. Teniendo en cuenta las cuatro categorías quechuas se propone un reconocimiento y diálogo intercultural que contribuya a revisar las prácticas y concepciones de ciudadanía, institucionalidad, justicia y democracia.

This study investigates the impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) integration on the academic performance of university students at the University of the Andes in Andahuaylas, Peru, during 2023. Surveys were used to evaluate the utilization of ICT tools including forums and tasks and videoconferencing in a study involving 140 university students. The research data indicates that 64.3% of participants demonstrated advanced skills in ICT integration and 79.3% exhibited high task participation. Academic performance displayed a substantial positive link to ICT integration based on the analysis results (r = 0.895, p < 0.01). The data indicates that students who use forums generate the highest impact on their academic performance based on a coefficient of 0.238 (p < 0.000). The current analysis demonstrates that task engagement values contributed significantly (p < 0.000) along with a coefficient value of 0.201. Academic performance shows improved results with ICT tools specifically forums and tasks and this discovery redefines educational strategy development as well as digital tool execution in higher education settings.

IntroductionThe evaluation of teaching performance in didactic interactions has generally been approached from the student’s perspective, with little literature on evaluation based on the teacher’s own perspective. Having an instrument that allows self-evaluation of teaching performance during didactic interactions will contribute to improving the quality of teaching and learning at the university level.ObjectivesThe validity and reliability evidence for the scores of the self-evaluation questionnaire of the teacher’s didactic performance are examined. The self-assessment of didactic performance is analyzed and the general didactic performance of the teacher and of his interactive episodes is contrasted according to some socio-academic characteristics. Method: Methodological, instrumental, descriptive, comparative and predictive cross-sectional study. A total of 203 teachers participated, of whom 64 were professors from a public university in northwestern Mexico, and 139 professors from two public universities in Peru.ResultsSatisfactory evidence of content-based validity was found, Aiken’s V estimates were higher than 0.70 for all items in the criteria: clarity, pertinence and relevance. As for the evidence of validity based on the internal structure of the construct, satisfactory results were found with the confirmatory factor analysis strategy for a multidimensional model of seven oblique factors (CFI = 0.99, TLI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.05, SRMR = 0.06) and a second-order factor model made up of two general factors and seven specific first-order factors (CFI = 0.98, TLI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.06, SRMR = 0.07). Evidence of convergent and discriminant validity was also acceptable. The reliability for the overall score of the questionnaire as well as for the interactive episodes evidenced McDonald’s ordinal alpha and omega coefficients ≥0.94 and H coefficient ≥ 0.95. With respect to the comparative analyses according to the professional training discipline and the sex factor, differences were found for a small effect size (d > 0.20) in favor of education teachers and women both in general didactic performance and in the teaching and formative evaluation factors. Likewise, being an education teacher and a woman is more than twice as likely to have optimal teaching performance. As for the nationality of the teachers, no significant differences were found.

Chenopodium quinoa, a high Andean grain with excellent nutritional value and complex molecular structure, presents significant challenges in the bioavailability of nutrients and the functionality of its components. Germination as a biotechnological strategy generated significant modifications in four varieties of quinoa. The ungerminated and germinated samples' physical-chemical, thermal, structural, and rheological properties were determined. Results showed increases in protein bioavailability (14.13% in Black Collana Quinoa (BCQ) and 12.79% in Red Pasankalla Quinoa (RPQ)), phenolic compounds (30.81 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent/100 g in RPQ), flavonoids (108.53 mg Quercetin Equivalent/100 g in Yellow Marangani Quinoa (YMQ)), and antioxidant capacity (up to 241.43 μmol Trolox Equivalent/g in BCQ). Thermal analysis showed increases in gelatinization temperature (57.53 °C to 59.45 °C in RPQ) and a reduction in enthalpy (1.38 J/g to 0.67 J/g). Structural analysis showed similar functional groups, but variation in spectra intensity was related to starches and proteins. Rheological properties exhibited pseudoplastic behavior at 80 °C. Principal component analysis showed a clear difference between germinated and non-germinated samples. The germination process significantly modified quinoa, improving its nutritional and functional properties and generating new opportunities for its application in the development of biodegradable materials and functional foods.

Recently, interest in developing functional foods that promote health has grown significantly. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of microencapsulating guinea pig blood erythrocytes by vacuum drying and incorporating them into gummies fortified with tumbo juice. Physicochemical analysis (proximate analysis, iron content, color, pH, soluble solids, and particle size) and functional group analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry were performed on three formulations of gummy candy with added encapsulated erythrocytes from guinea pig blood (EEGPB): F1 (4% EEGPB), F2 (5% EEGPB), and F3 (6% EEGPB). The results showed a significant decrease in the moisture content (52.02% in F1 to 43.27% in F3) and increases in protein (11.44% in F3) and iron (2.63 mg Fe/g in F3) contents when higher EEGPB levels were used. Sensory evaluation revealed that F3 was the most acceptable formulation in terms of taste, aroma, and texture, with no significant differences in color. FTIR analysis confirmed physical incorporation with no chemical interactions between ingredients. These results demonstrate that the encapsulation of erythrocytes by vacuum drying not only preserves the bioactive compounds but also improves the organoleptic properties of the gummies, making them an attractive product for consumers. In conclusion, this technique is effective for fortifying functional foods and has potential application in other food products. This approach represents a significant advance in the development of innovative functional foods.

Water is a basic resource for the survival of human beings, however, not everyone has access to this resource and they look for ways to survive under unfavorable conditions; for this purpose, environmental education focused on water safety consumption is fundamental to improve their habits. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of an educational intervention in homes in rural areas that lack access to drinking water and is supplied by surface wells. A pre-experimental quantitative methodology was used that involves three stages: diagnosis, educational intervention and evaluation. The results showed that the educational intervention had significant changes in knowledge and water safety consumption habits (p < 0.001), furthermore learning persisted after the educational intervention and habits continued to improve; also, it was identified that there were no significant differences in gender and educational level. It is concluded that implementing short-term environmental education programmes contributes to bringing about change in vulnerable populations that do not have access to safe drinking water.