Universidad Nacional de Córdoba

Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), defined by the DSM-5, affects children's growth and development and is common in those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This update aims to describe the causes, consequences, detection strategies, and therapeutic approaches to ARFID in children diagnosed with ASD, based on published scientific articles. Original articles, reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical trials published between January 2016 and February 2025 in peer-reviewed journals were included in this review. The search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar using the descriptors "ARFID AND AUTISM." Only fulltext studies in English or Spanish focusing on the pediatric population were considered; we found 23 relevant publications. This study explores how ASD characteristics can influence ARFID symptoms. Considering the findings, recommendations, and treatments based on clinical trials and meta-analyses are analyzed.

• Scalable electrodeposition yields Ni/MXene and Ni/Mo₂C composites with enhanced HER performance. • Carbides and MXenes reshape Ni into high-area, high-activity interfaces for alkaline electrolysis. • DEMS enable reliable HER onset detection and clarify the rate-determining step. • Composites outperform Ni cathodes in activity, charge transfer, and stability for low-cost alkaline electrolyzers. • Ni/Mo₂C shows the fastest charge-transfer kinetics (lowest R ct ), while Ni/Mo₂TiC₂ offers the best activity–stability balance. Nickel-based catalysts are promising alternatives to noble metals for hydrogen evolution in alkaline media; however, their long-term stability and scalability remain a challenge. In this paper, we report the synthesis of nickel composites with laboratory-synthesized molybdenum carbide (Mo₂C) and MXenes (Ti₃C₂ and Mo₂TiC₂) via electrodeposition, a cost-effective and industrially scalable method compatible with the fabrication of alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) electrodes. The catalysts were systematically characterized by SEM/EDX, DRX, EIS, cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and, notably, differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS). DEMS enabled real-time quantification of hydrogen evolution, providing mechanistic insights beyond conventional electrochemical techniques. The Ni/Mo₂C composite exhibited the lowest charge-transfer resistance and superior intrinsic activity, whereas Ni/MXene electrodes demonstrated higher electrochemically accessible surface areas and improved stability. Overall, this work highlights electrodeposition as a versatile strategy for preparing advanced Ni-based composites and underscores the value of DEMS in elucidating the hydrogen evolution mechanism in noble-metal-free systems

Introduction: Uruguay became the first country to regulate the commercialization of cannabis, offering three legal outlets: home cultivation, cannabis clubs, and pharmacies. Despite this, black-market sources remain popular. This observational (survey-based), cross-sectional study assessed the association of age, sex, and cannabis acquisition sources with patterns of cannabis use and consequences among Uruguayan residents, as well as on psychological distress, protective behavioral strategies (PBS), and cannabis use motives. We also tested the atemporal, contemporary, sequential mediation of motives and PBS in the association between distress and the cannabis outcomes. Method: People who use cannabis selected via a non-probabilistic, convenience sample (N = 928, Mage = 30.4 years), completed a survey assessing frequency, potency, consequences, and related psychological variables. Results: Cannabis clubs were the most common legal source and were associated with higher use (p < .001, η2p = .04) and increased risk of cannabis use disorder (p < .05, V = .08). Those who relied on illicit sources reported greater psychological distress and use of high-potency cannabis. Distress was indirectly associated with frequency and consequences via coping motives and reduced PBS. Conclusions: Gaps in access to potent legal cannabis may drive continued illicit use. Psychological distress is a key factor in cannabis-related harm. Interventions should address high-potency demand and promote harm-reduction strategies.