Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

This paper presents a grid model to describe the nonlinear behaviour of the face plate component in I-beam to concrete-filled RHS tubular column joints. The model is developed through finite element analyses validated with experimental tests on different geometries of end plate I-beam to concrete-filled SHS tubular column joints. The parametric numerical study considers the slenderness of the face of the SHS column and the ratio of the loaded width versus the width of the face of the column with three alternative configurations for the connection of the beam to the column face: a bolted end plate, a welded transverse plate and a fin plate. Furthermore, bolted end plate connections in high strength steel S690 were also considered. The proposed grid model captures the transition from bending-dominated to membrane-dominated behaviour, allowing for the prediction in a consistent way of the force-displacement curve of a joint whenever the deformability of the face of the concrete-filled tubular column controls the behaviour. Finally, it is shown that a simplified beam strip model on an elastic foundation yields accurate results for the full range behaviour of the component, providing an efficient solution for practical use. • Experimental tests on I-beam to concrete-filled tubular column steel joints • Simple beam strip on elastic foundation model for the face plate component loaded out-of-plane. • Parametric study of bolted connections and welded connections with transverse plates, fin plates and high strength steel. • Demonstration of semi-rigid and partial moment resistance behaviour.

The European Union has recently introduced a suite of foundational digital regulations—the Cyber Resilience Act, the Artificial Intelligence Act, the Radio Equipment Directive, the NIS 2 Directive, and the Cybersecurity Act—that directly affect the engineering of software-intensive systems. While these instruments aim to enhance trust and security, their overlapping scopes generate a complex compliance landscape that software development must address at the design, implementation, and deployment stages. This paper examines the cross-regulatory impact of such EU cybersecurity legislation from a software engineering perspective, aiming to provide a set of guidelines and recommendations for implementing a compliance-by-design approach. We analyse and compare the five legal instruments, focusing on how their obligations intersect with each other. We then translate their regulatory requirements into actionable artefacts, ranging from architectural constraints and security controls to organisational processes, using a legal engineering approach. Finally, we propose a compliance-by-design lifecycle pattern that integrates regulatory alignment into requirements engineering, system design, and testing. To demonstrate applicability, we evaluate three representative use cases: an AI-enabled power plant, an autonomous drone delivery platform, and an AI-powered clinical decision support system. These examples demonstrate that multiple regulatory regimes often govern software-based systems. We conclude with practical recommendations for suppliers, deployers, and policymakers towards an integrated compliance framework to promote compliance-aware software engineering. Our findings indicate that the European digital landscape is shifting compliance from a post-hoc audit exercise to a design-time engineering principle. Embedding compliance early into the software development lifecycle not only supports regulatory alignment but also improves system resilience and trustworthiness.

Purpose : The purpose of this review was to examine and describe the characteristics of sport and physical education-focused interventions that have been implemented in educational contexts to raise awareness toward disability. Method : A systematic review of journal-based literature published on disability awareness sport and physical education interventions impacting on students and preservice teachers was conducted. The article selection process included three phases based on PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Results : A total of 43 articles, spanning from 1992 to 2023, were analyzed in this study. Most reviewed research was from authors in Spain or the United States, and quantitative designs were most often used. Interventions were carried out across primary schools, secondary schools, and university settings, with most research coming from the university setting. Discussion/Conclusion : The results of this review demonstrate an abundance of empirically tested resources that can be utilized within elementary, secondary, and university physical education contexts to help enhance attitudes and self-efficacy toward students with disabilities.

The spread of misinformation on social platforms is amplified by multimodal posts and the discourse they trigger. We present <monospace xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LANTERN</monospace>, a lightweight framework that detects fake posts by pairing a compact LVLM (Large Visio-Language Model) with a graph-to-text rendering of reply threads. Comment trees are pruned breadth-first and serialized with depth-based indentation and in-line metadata (author, engagement), then concatenated with image tokens; the LVLM is fine-tuned with low-rank adapters and a linear head, using the end-of-sequence state for classification. On <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Fakeddit</i>, <monospace xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LANTERN</monospace> attains state-of-the-art accuracy with only 150 k training samples, achieving <bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">97.16%</b> (2-way), <bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">97.05%</b> (3-way), <bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">93.72%</b> (6-way). To assess versatility beyond Reddit, we additionally evaluate <monospace xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LANTERN-TEXT</monospace> on <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">PHEME</i> (text-only rumor cascades) and adapt the pipeline to <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Twitter15/16</i> (structure-only replies), observing robust gains from shallow discourse and and measurable gains even when reply text is absent. Large-scale multimodal pretraining plus lightweight adaptation and structured conversational context yields a practical and reproducible approach to misinformation detection.

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder worldwide, affecting approximately 5%-7% of school-aged children and 2%-5% of adults worldwide. However, there is still no reliable diagnostic tool for it. The lack of specific biomarkers further complicates the accurate diagnosis of ADHD. The SINCRONIA study seeks to develop and optimize an electroencephalogram (EEG)-based ADHD diagnostic classification algorithm by identifying biomarkers that provide optimal diagnostic performance. This protocol introduces a single-center, case-control study involving at least 165 participants, aged between 7 and 12 years, that is being conducted at the Puerta de Hierro University Hospital in Madrid, Spain. Participants will be allocated to 3 groups, including ADHD predominantly inattentive, ADHD predominantly combined or hyperactive/impulsive, and a control group, according to the best estimated diagnosis based on clinical interviews and a neuropsychological assessment that includes the Conners Continuous Performance Test. In addition, an EEG recording will be conducted separately, and functional connectivity metrics will be used to characterize brain networks associated with inhibitory control. The index test is expected to match or improve the clinical diagnosis of ADHD in children aged between 7 and 12 years and provide a set of eventual biomarkers that maximize diagnostic performance and provide pathophysiological clues. The SINCRONIA study began screening and recruitment in March 2023. Recruitment ended on December 11, 2024. A total of 165 eligible participants were enrolled. The SINCRONIA project is a high-quality, large-scale, unicenter study devoted to improving the objective diagnosis of ADHD by using EEG biomarkers. The EEG-based ADHD diagnosis is expected to have greater sensitivity and specificity than the Conners Continuous Performance Test.