Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla

Pesticides are among the most effective tools for pest control; however, their use involves significant exposure to toxic agents, and their use implies significant risks to human health and the environment. The present scientometric analysis and systematic review highlight the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of pesticides with Organophosphates and Neonicotinoids being among the most relevant classes studied, which are linked mainly to mechanisms such as oxidative stress and DNA damage in human, animal and plant cells. Through biomarkers and standardized techniques such as comet and micronucleus assays, the correlation of these compounds in the generation of mutations and genetic alterations has been confirmed, with critical implications for public and environmental health. Additional research has evolved toward more precise approaches conducted by international collaboration and a special interest in emerging countries. This study highlights the need for stricter regulation, the development of less toxic pesticides considering other alternatives such as biopesticides, strategies to mitigate associated risks, and the establishment of a solid foundation for future research and sustainable policies.

This chapter analyzes happiness at work from multiple perspectives. It includes a brief history of happiness, along with different conceptualizations from positive psychology, to help understand what people mean by workplace happiness, and the use of a happiness spectrum to measure workplace happiness through simple activities. The happiness spectrum was used during a four-day strategic planning session in a private Business School in Puebla, Mexico. Participant information was collected daily at the beginning of each session to assess the overall state of mind and happiness. The objective was to demonstrate simple strategies for harnessing happiness within organizations and socializing personal perceptions of happiness in ways that encourage participation.

Introduction: Bezoars are rare accumulations of indigestible material in the gastrointestinal tract. Phytobezoars, formed from plant fibers, can cause small bowel obstruction, even without classic risk factors such as prior gastric surgery. This report presents a case of high intestinal obstruction due to phytobezoar in an otherwise healthy patient. Case Presentation: A 55-year-old man presented with severe colicky abdominal pain (VAS 8/10), nausea, vomiting, and abdominal distension. Contrast-enhanced CT revealed distal ileal obstruction with a heterogeneous intraluminal mass. Conservative management with nasogastric decompression failed due to high output and feculent vomiting. Laparoscopy showed a 10 × 7 × 6 cm phytobezoar (vegetable fibers and seeds) 50 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve. Enterotomy, extraction, primary closure, and lavage were performed without resection. The patient recovered uneventfully and was discharged on postoperative day 7. Discussion: Phytobezoars commonly obstruct at the terminal ileum and are linked to delayed gastric emptying or high-fiber intake, though primary small bowel cases occur without predisposing factors. CT is the gold standard for diagnosis (high sensitivity/specificity). Surgical enterotomy is effective when conservative measures fail. Conclusion: Phytobezoar should be considered in acute intestinal obstruction, even without risk factors. Prompt CT imaging and individualized surgical extraction provide efficient resolution.

As cross-border e-commerce expands in emerging economies, consumer participation increasingly depends on perceived transaction risk linked to digital payments, settlement, dispute resolution, and institutional enforceability. This study reconceptualizes online purchase intention (OPI) as a decision embedded in retail international finance. Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), it integrates Internet Trustworthiness Behavior (ITB) and Country of Origin (COO) as risk-relevant signals shaping consumer judgment under cross-border uncertainty. Survey data from 390 digitally active consumers in the Dominican Republic were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that ITB strengthens perceived behavioral control, attitudes toward online purchasing, and subjective norms, while also exerting a direct positive effect on OPI. COO emerges as a strong direct predictor of OPI, functioning as a heuristic indicator of country credibility when formal safeguards appear weak. Contrary to standard TPB expectations, perceived behavioral control negatively predicts OPI, suggesting that greater digital competence may heighten awareness of expected losses and limited recourse in high-risk environments. The findings advance international business and finance research by showing how micro-level trust practices and macro-level country signals jointly shape consumer risk management in cross-border digital markets, with implications for inclusive participation and consumer protection.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is a crop of economic importance; its rhizomes are used medicinally and in Mexican cuisine. Puebla is the main producing state in Mexico, with Xicotepec as the top producing municipality (SIAP 2025). In September 2024, a random field sampling of 1000 plants over 300 000 m2 was conducted in San Pedro, Xicotepec (20°16'11.1"N, 97°55'52.4"W), Puebla, Mexico, where 150-day-old ginger plants exhibited basal stem, root, and rhizome rot, with 45% incidence and 50% severity in infected rhizomes. Symptoms included yellowing and general wilting of foliage, soft rot and constriction at the base of the stem, and root rot. Rhizomes showed necrosis, soft rot, and abundant brown mycelium. Tissues from 45 symptomatic rhizomes were cut into 5 mm pieces, sterilized with 3% sodium hypochlorite for one minute, rinsed with sterile distilled water, and plated on Petri dishes containing potato dextrose agar. The cultures were incubated in the dark for 7 days at 28 °C. Colonies resembling Rhizoctonia were consistently obtained, with one isolate per diseased rhizome obtained using the hyphal tip method. After 7 days, colonies formed abundant aerial mycelium, initially white, turning brown with age. Septate hyphae (n=50) measuring 4.6 to 7.8 µm in width were observed with right-angled branching and constrictions at the branch origin. Microscopic examination by Safranin-O staining showed two nuclei per cell in the 45 isolates. The morphological characteristics of the isolates resembled those of Ceratobasidium (Sneh et al. 1991). Two isolates were identified molecularly by genomic DNA extracted using the CTAB protocol (Dar et al. 2025) and amplification and sequencing of the internal transcriber spacer (ITS) region by primers ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990; Zhou et al. 2017). Sequences of isolates CZo3 and CZo5 were deposited in GenBank (PV194990, PV197090). BLAST analysis of the partial ITS sequences (CZo3: 600 bp and CZo5: 600 bp) showed both isolates had 99.83% identity with Ceratobasidium sp. AG-R isolate (GenBank: KY880973) (Zhou et al. 2017). Phylogenetic analysis grouped isolates CZo3 and CZo5 within the AG-R clade of Ceratobasidium sp. Pathogenicity was confirmed by inoculating 20 detached healthy rhizomes from 150-day-old ginger plants cultivated in 8-inch pots with sterilized soil. A portion of mycelium from a 7-day-old isolate CZo3 was inserted into each rhizome at a depth of 5 mm using a colonized wooden toothpick. For controls, a sterile wooden toothpick was inserted into 10 healthy rhizomes (Terrones et al. 2023). The rhizomes were placed in a humidity chamber with 3 cm of water at the bottom and covered with a plastic sheet to maintain a 90% relative humidity to 28°C and darkness. After 11 days, the inoculated rhizomes showed necrosis and soft rot with abundant brown mycelium, while no symptoms were observed in the controls. The fungus was re-isolated from the inoculated rhizomes and characterized morphologically and molecularly, yielding identical results as previously described, and was identified as Ceratobasidium sp. AG-R, fulfilling Koch’s postulates. Pathogenicity tests were repeated three times. Ceratobasidium sp. has been reported to cause root rot and stem canker in Phaseolus vulgaris in Sinaloa, Mexico (Rabago et al. 2023). This is the first known report of Ceratobasidium sp. AG-R causing root, and rhizome rot in ginger in Mexico. This research is crucial for developing integrated management strategies for this disease.

Resumen: En esta contribución presentamos una traducción de la lógica natural de Moss a la lógica de términos de Sommers usando un método de árboles. El resultado de esta traducción muestra que la lógica de términos de Sommers se encuentra más allá de la frontera de los sistemas tipo Peano-Frege, Church-Turing y Aristóteles pero mantiene el poder expresivo de los sistemas que habitan dentro de tales límites. Esto sugiere que la lógica de términos puede ser útil para un proyecto de lógica natural. Abstract: In this contribution we present a translation from Moss’ natural logic to Sommers’ term logic by using a tableaux method. The result shows Sommers’ term logic lies beyond the Peano-Frege, Church-Turing, and Aristotle frontiers while maintaining the inferential and expressive powers of the systems that inhabit such limits. This suggests that term logic might be instrumental for a natural logic project.

En la historia del mundo, el ser humano ha utilizado diferentes artificios expresivos visuales para aproximarse al fenómeno de la temporalidad; el uso de diagramas facilita el acercamiento al tiempo inmanente, es decir, a cómo es vivido por la conciencia, entrelazando la temporalidad con la subjetividad. Como fenómeno semiótico, la significación del tiempo como experiencia subjetiva en el siglo XXI se ha convertido en un factor determinante en las decisiones de las audiencias ante la posibilidad de realizar transacciones comerciales. El conocimiento de los rituales de consumo asociados a la significación del tiempo implica un valor experiencial y un recurso argumentativo persuasivo, que influye en los procesos de compra. El objetivo es analizar el poder significativo del tiempo como recurso persuasivo en procesos de compra en línea cuyos discursos publicitarios se basan en la significación de oportunidad, urgencia y pérdida para facilitar la comprensión de la multidimensionalidad de los rituales de consumo mediante expresiones diagramáticas desde un enfoque semio-pragmático y fenomenológico.

The application of a digital augmented reality model for the development of time and motion study laboratory practices is presented. Based on an existing block-based practice model, computational models were generated for the study of an augmented reality model. These models replace the typical two-dimensional model of images and information with a three-dimensional application that allows a better understanding of the movements for assembling the practice in its different stages, in addition to facilitating the understanding of the task to be performed. Based on the developed model, a survey was conducted among the participants to assess different properties of the augmented reality model, resulting in an adequate score for the evaluation of the model and the understanding of the tasks to be performed in the practice, although with some points of improvement in matters of technological adaptability.

Multimorbidity has become a defining challenge for internal medicine, characterized by the coexistence of multiple chronic diseases and shaped by functional decline, treatment burden, and socioeconomic vulnerability. This review synthesizes contemporary evidence on the epidemiology, clinical consequences, and health-system implications of multimorbidity, with a particular focus on Mexico, Colombia, and Ecuador. Findings demonstrate steep age-related increases in prevalence, strong associations with mortality, hospitalization, disability, and elevated costs, and significant variability driven by methodological differences and inequities in access to care. Functional impairment consistently emerges as a central predictor of adverse outcomes, underscoring the need for geriatric-informed, person-centered approaches. Despite extensive observational research, interventional and policy-oriented studies remain limited, especially in middle-income settings. The review highlights the urgent need for integrated care models, improved coordination between internal medicine and primary care, and equity-oriented policies capable of responding to the complex trajectories of multimorbidity. By integrating theoretical, epidemiological, and health-system perspectives, this study provides a foundation for advancing research, guiding clinical decision-making, and informing system reforms in Latin American internal medicine.

Acute leukemias remain a major health challenge worldwide, particularly in children, adolescents, and older adults, with marked disparities in outcomes between high- and low-income regions. For more than four decades, The Clínica Ruiz in Puebla, Mexico, has contributed to leukemia research and treatment through pioneering strategies adapted to resource-constrained environments. The early adoption of immunophenotyping improved diagnostic accuracy in Mexico, while studies on nutritional status at diagnosis underscored its prognostic impact in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The institution also demonstrated the feasibility and efficacy of pediatric-inspired regimens in adolescents and young adults with ALL, challenging the use of more toxic adult protocols. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), contributions have included the description of regional prevalence patterns, molecular characterization, and the development of innovative outpatient therapeutic approaches. Clínica Ruiz further established one of the most active hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) programs in Latin America, introducing cost-effective outpatient transplantation models—known as the “Mexican method”—for both autologous and allogeneic modalities, including haploidentical transplants. Collectively, these advances illustrate how strategies designed in Mexico for limited-resource settings have not only improved leukemia care locally but have also informed practices globally.