Universidad de Ingeniería y Tecnología

The significant rise in childhood anemia prevalence in Peru coincided with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. This impact was not homogeneous across the country, with some areas experiencing significant disruption while others demonstrating only a mild effect. In this research, we present a classification approach for the pandemic’s impact in small geographic areas, based on Small Area Estimation approach, employing data from 2016, 2019 and 2022. This approach enables the identification of unaffected areas and the determination of distinct impact patterns for the remaining areas. The proposed disaggregated analysis provides further insight into the significant increase of anemia among children under five during the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru. Notably, it facilitates evaluation and comprehension of the risk factors that contribute to the susceptibility of certain areas and regions to natural hazards, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the notable discrepancies in the pandemic’s impact on childhood anemia at the area level, as revealed by our analysis, the findings presented in this article provide a basis for policymakers to elaborate strategies for targeted interventions and resource allocation, aimed at mitigating the potential consequences of future hazards within Peru.

In precision aquaculture, feeding automation becomes particularly challenging when the dispenser operates on a non-fixed platform, as its dynamic behavior introduces perturbations that hinder accurate balance measurement and complicate dispenser control. To address this problem, this work proposes the integration of a weight estimator with robust control strategies. Two control approaches are evaluated: (i) a fuzzy proportional controller, where the fuzzy sets are generated using the fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm, and (ii) a self-tuning regulator (STR) based on based on an Autoregressive with Exogenous Input (ARX) model of the dispenser. In addition, the weight estimator employs a model of additive components dependent on the kinematics of the oscillating platform, with its hyperparameters experimentally optimized through cost function minimization. The proposal was experimentally validated using a compact prototype of an automatic dispenser mounted on an oscillating platform with pelletized feed, demonstrating robust performance and good dispensing accuracy, especially when employing the fuzzy-based control.

Density, viscosity, and speed of sound were measured for dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) + tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) mixtures at atmospheric pressure (0.10 MPa) over the full composition range and temperatures from 298.15 to 323.15 K. The mixtures exhibit pronounced structure-breaking behavior, with excess molar volumes reaching positive maxima of 1.05–1.07 cm3·mol–1 near a TBP mole fraction of ≈0.45. Viscosity deviations show positive peaks between 0.9 and 1.7 mPa·s, while isentropic compressibility deviations remain positive across all temperatures. Negative speed of sound deviations, reaching −300 m·s–1, further indicate weakened intermolecular networks compared to the pure components. FTIR spectra reveal composition-dependent shifts of 5–12 cm–1 in the S═O and P═O stretching bands, consistent with weak hydrogen bonding and dipole–dipole interactions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations support formation of a stabilized TBP–DMSO adduct, showing short intermolecular contacts, charge redistribution, and reduced HOMO–LUMO gaps, consistent with enhanced polarity upon mixing. Experimental data were correlated using the Jouyban–Acree model, while the PC-SAFT equation of state reproduced liquid densities with an overall average relative deviation (ARD) of 0.08%. In addition, new interaction parameters for the (CH2)3PO–DMSO pair were computed and applied in group-contribution-based predictive models (UNIFAC-VISCO and UNIFAC-THERMO), yielding viscosity prediction ARDs of 2.7% and 2.4%, respectively.

El estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar el efecto de la aplicación de herramientas de gerencia de operaciones en la reducción de tiempos muertos en el proceso de fabricación de maquinaria agrícola en una empresa metalmecánica durante 2024. Se desarrolló una investigación de enfoque cuantitativo con un diseño preexperimental de tipo pretest–postest, considerando una muestra de 72 jornadas laborales seleccionadas aleatoriamente de un total de 144. El diagnóstico inicial permitió identificar como principales causas de los tiempos muertos la desorganización del área de trabajo, la falta de control de los tiempos de producción, las fallas de maquinaria y una deficiente distribución de planta. En respuesta, se implementaron de manera integrada herramientas como el estudio de tiempos, la metodología 5S, el Mantenimiento Productivo Total (TPM) y el rediseño de la distribución de planta. Los resultados evidenciaron una reducción significativa del 32.1% en los tiempos muertos (p < .001) y un nivel de cumplimiento del 84.7% en la aplicación de 5S. Se concluye que la aplicación integrada de herramientas de gerencia de operaciones mejora significativamente la eficiencia productiva en la empresa en estudio.

Watersheds provide fundamental hydrological ecosystem services for human well-being and the environment, such as water provisioning, hydrological cycle regulation, and erosion control; however, these services face increasing anthropogenic and climatic pressures. This study assessed individual and combined impacts on the hydrological functionality of the Piuray–Ccorimarca watershed (Cusco, Peru) using a calibrated Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, analyzing water yield, soil water storage, and sediment transport across 20 scenarios. An ensemble of 10 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models with bias correction was implemented, integrated with land transformation projections contemplating urban expansion associated with airport development and forest recovery through Payment for Ecosystem Services mechanisms. The results reveal climate change as the dominant driver, generating water yield increases and soil water content improvements primarily due to evapotranspiration decoupling that increases the runoff coefficient. In contrast, land use change produces substantially smaller hydrological effects but critically intensifies sediment yield. Spatial vulnerability analysis identified eight persistently critical sub-basins (20.5% of area) where soil water content emerged as the dominant limiting factor. These findings establish a clear management hierarchy prioritizing climate adaptation over land use interventions, with differentiated strategies required for critical zones demanding structural interventions versus non-critical areas amenable to flexible conservation approaches.

Abstract A multimode switch (MMS) enables efficient multimode optical communication for high-speed data transmission. In this paper, we design and numerically demonstrate a compact 1×2 MMS on a silicon photonic platform with a 640-nm-thick silicon core, which departs from the conventional 220-nm SOI standard to support higher-order guided modes. The device architecture consists of an adiabatic Y-junction coupler with a central straight waveguide section, whose two output branches are connected to a 2×2 multimode interference (MMI) coupler. Thermo-optic phase shifters are integrated to provide dynamic control of the optical path, enabling simultaneous switching of optical states among the E 11 , E 12 , and E 21 modes. Simulation results show that the proposed MMS achieves low insertion loss (< 1.9 dB) and crosstalk below − 16 dB across a 40-nm bandwidth in the C-band (1525–1565 nm). Beyond compactness and low loss, the conceptual design offers reconfigurability and scalability for multifunctional on-chip mode-division multiplexing interconnects, providing promising potential for large-scale photonic integrated circuits in broadband communication applications.

En los últimos años, se ha evidenciado un aumento de víctimas de negligencias médicas que ven vulnerados sus derechos a la salud y a la vida, enfrentando dificultades para obtener una reparación justa. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar la relación entre la responsabilidad civil médica y la inseguridad de los pacientes que acuden al Hospital Central de la Policía Nacional del Perú “Luis N. Sáenz”. Se desarrolló bajo un enfoque cualitativo, de tipo descriptivo y explicativo, utilizando la entrevista y el análisis documental como técnicas principales. Los resultados evidencian que la falta de protocolos claros de responsabilidad civil y la escasa información al paciente generan desconfianza e inseguridad. Se concluye que fortalecer la regulación de la responsabilidad civil médica y promover una atención empática permitirán mejorar la seguridad y confianza de los pacientes.

Malaria remains a major global health concern, especially in tropical regions such as the Peruvian Amazon. Installing ceiling-mounted mosquito nets in houses has been proposed as a strategy to reduce mosquito–human contact and, in turn, lower malaria transmission. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of ceiling-mounted mosquito nets in reducing Anopheles mosquito density in a high-transmission Amazonian setting. We conducted a stepped-wedge cluster-randomized trial from March to December 2024 in the Llanchama community of the San Juan Bautista district, Loreto, Peru. A total of 69 households were randomized into three clusters, receiving the intervention at staggered three-month intervals. We measured entomological indices using human landing catches (HLC) and other standardized methods, focusing on Anopheles mosquito counts, bites per person per night (BPN), and bites per person per hour (BPH), both indoors and peridomestic, derived from the same HLC sessions, using cumulative mosquito captures over 12-hour periods to compute biting indices. Houses were retrofitted with mosquito nets across ceilings and other open structural areas, creating a barrier to prevent mosquito entry and lower exposure. Analysis followed a stepped-wedge mixed-effects negative binomial model adjusting for clustering and time trends. Our per-protocol analysis shows that, compared to non-renovated households, the renovated households experienced a 55% reduction in indoor Anopheles counts (95% CI: 33%–74%; p = 0.004), a 60% decrease in indoor BPN (95% CI: 27%–78%; p = 0.003), and a 61% reduction in indoor BPH (95% CI: 15%–83%; p = 0.018). Peridomestic mosquito counts, BPN, and BPH did not differ significantly between renovated and non-renovated households. Our study provides evidence that installing mosquito nets across household ceilings markedly reduces indoor Anopheles presence and biting rates, suggesting that this structural modification could be a promising strategy for lowering malaria risk in riverine communities.