Universidad de Málaga

Closure operators and systems play a significant role in a variety of areas of fuzzy logic. While the condition of monotony for ordinary closure operators has a straightforward form, two basic conditions of monotony naturally arise from the existing examples in a fuzzy setting. To unify these two conditions, two approaches can be found in the literature, one based on the notion of a filter of truth degrees and the other on the notion of a linguistic hedge. We present results connecting these approaches, explore their variants, and provide a notion of monotony that subsumes both the filter-based and hedge-based approaches. We study properties of this general concept of monotony and discuss open problems along with topics for future research.

Purpose : To examine the effect of an activity wristband-based intermittent teaching unit (TU) combined with other behavior modification strategies in the physical education setting on high school students’ weekly steps. Method : Seventy-one high school students (49.3% girls) aged 12–16 years performed an 8-week intermittent TU (last 15 min of each session) twice a week. The TU consisted of the following strategies: activity wristband (24 hr), educational counseling, and progressive step goals, among others. Results : The students improved their weekly steps from Week 1 to Weeks 4–8 ( p ≤ .001; d = 0.45–0.58). There was a higher percentage of students who did at least an average of 10,000 steps per day at Week 8 compared with Week 1 ( p = .031; Cramer’s V = 0.246). Conclusion : The studied intermittent TU increased students’ weekly steps and the proportion of students who did at least an average of 10,000 steps per day.

La agricultura europea opera bajo un marco normativo ambiental, social y fitosanitario altamente exigente. Sin embargo, la apertura comercial de la Unión Europea permite la entrada de productos agrícolas procedentes de terceros países cuyos estándares no son equivalentes, generando una competencia desleal estructural. Este artículo examina, desde una perspectiva doctrinal, las asimetrías regulatorias existentes, el impacto del Derecho de la Unión Europea, el Derecho internacional del comercio (OMC), la jurisprudencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea y la Política Agraria Común. Asimismo, se proponen reformas orientadas a garantizar condiciones equitativas mediante cláusulas espejo, ajustes en frontera y refuerzo de los controles oficiales. Palabras clave: Competencia desleal. Cláusulas espejo. Importaciones agrícolas. Derecho ambiental. Comercio internacional. PAC.

No procede

This report, developed by the Chair of Social Inclusion at the University of Málaga in collaboration with the Málaga City Council, aims to conduct a diagnosis of the psychosocial health of professionals working in the Community Social Services Centers (CSSC) of the city. The study is justified by the growing complexity of social demands, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the inherently emotional nature of work in these centers, which places workers in a position of special vulnerability to psychosocial risks. This quantitative research was carried out by administering a questionnaire to 196 professionals from 12 centers, representing a response rate of 79.35%. The sample was mostly composed of women (78.06%) and social workers (44.5%). Two scientifically validated instruments were used for the assessment: the short version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (ISTAS21-COPSOQ), which measures exposure to psychosocial risk factors, and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), to evaluate associated symptoms. The COPSOQ results reveal a clear situation of psychosocial risk. The most unfavorable factors for health, requiring priority intervention, are work pace (81.97% of professionals in an unfavorable situation), quantitative psychological demands (73.69%), lack of predictability and information (67.9%), and role conflict (54.6%). These data indicate that a large majority of the staff perceive an imbalance between workload and available time, coupled with poor organizational communication and contradictory demands. On the other hand, the best-rated aspects that act as health protectors are meaning of work (64.97% in a favorable situation), security regarding working conditions (61.45%), and the perception of support for work-family balance (60.45%). Regarding mental health, the DASS-21 data show significant levels of symptomatology. Approximately 30% of respondents present symptoms of depression, while nearly 40% report symptoms of anxiety and stress. Although these figures are lower than those recorded in the First National Study of Social Services, they reveal a relevant level of psychological distress affecting at least one in three professionals. The report concludes with a discussion section and a series of action proposals structured along two axes. To address psychosocial risks, it recommends periodic risk assessment, the implementation of training plans in team management and communication, and an analysis of human resources to adjust staffing levels to demands. To address emotional symptomatology, it proposes facilitating access to psychological care services and developing training programs in professional self-care and proactive resilience. In short, this study provides an "initial snapshot" of the situation, offering a fundamental empirical basis for designing and implementing preventive measures to improve the quality of working life for these professionals and, consequently, the quality of the public services they provide to citizens.

En una economía de mercado, el respaldo público al sector agropecuario se explica por la necesidad de sostener actividades que generan bienes y servicios poco valorados por el mercado, pero esenciales para la conservación de los espacios rurales. En este contexto, la Política Agrícola Común (PAC) de la Unión Europea (UE) ha desempeñado un papel clave en la viabilidad de numerosas explotaciones agrarias. Sin embargo, la asignación territorial de estas ayudas se ha caracterizado históricamente por fuertes desequilibrios, que las sucesivas reformas no han logrado corregir de forma sustancial. Este trabajo se centra en analizar cómo se distribuyen las ayudas directas de la PAC en la provincia de Málaga en el año 2022, justo antes de la entrada en vigor de la reforma 2023-2027. Los resultados evidencian, por un lado, la persistencia de notables disparidades territoriales en el reparto de las ayudas y, por otro, la elevada dependencia económica de muchas explotaciones respecto a estos fondos para asegurar su continuidad. El análisis se apoya en la base de datos del Fondo Español de Garantía Agraria (FEGA) y en una metodología cuantitativa no experimental, de carácter descriptivo y analítico.