Universidade Católica Dom Bosco

The rising prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among microorganisms is a global health and economic concern with major implications for livestock, as traditional antibiotics lose efficacy and novel agents with distinct mechanisms of action are required. Mastitis, an inflammation of the mammary gland mainly caused by bacterial infections, affects dairy cows and sheep, impairing milk quality, reducing production, and generating economic losses. This study introduces FK18, a synthetic antimicrobial peptide (AMP) designed with bioinformatics tools, which showed potent antibacterial activity against mastitis-associated pathogens. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were 5µM for Staphylococcus aureus (bovine milk isolate) and 10µM for Escherichia coli (ovine milk isolate). The antibacterial activity of FK18 was confirmed through multiple assays. Time-kill and membrane permeabilization studies demonstrated rapid bactericidal action, with near-complete reduction of CFU within 15min for S. aureus and 120min for E. coli (p < 0.05), which is consistent with disruption of the bacterial cell membrane. FK18 exhibited low toxicity toward eukaryotic cells, with an IC₅₀ of 21.46µM in RAW 264.7 macrophages, and caused only 20% mortality in Galleria mellonella larvae at 100µM. The peptide also remained stable under physiological saline conditions. Strong synergistic effects were observed with ciprofloxacin, with fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) values of 0.24 (S. aureus) and 0.01 (E. coli). By targeting bovine and ovine mastitis, this study highlights FK18 as a promising candidate to reduce antibiotic use in dairy animals and to support peptide-based therapeutic strategies in veterinary medicine.

As metodologias ativas têm sido amplamente discutidas no contexto educacional contemporâneo como estratégias capazes de promover maior participação dos estudantes no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. No ensino superior, essas abordagens buscam superar modelos tradicionais centrados na transmissão de conteúdo, estimulando o protagonismo discente, o pensamento crítico e a autonomia na construção do conhecimento. Nesse sentido, a aprendizagem significativa destaca-se como um importante referencial teórico, uma vez que enfatiza a relação entre os conhecimentos prévios dos estudantes e as novas informações adquiridas durante o processo educativo. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar, por meio de uma revisão de literatura, as contribuições das metodologias ativas no ensino superior para o desenvolvimento da aprendizagem significativa. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, realizada a partir da análise de artigos científicos publicados entre 2010 e 2025, encontrados nas bases de dados SciELO, Google Scholar, PubMed, ERIC e Portal de Periódicos da CAPES. Os resultados evidenciam que estratégias como aprendizagem baseada em problemas, aprendizagem baseada em projetos, sala de aula invertida e estudo de caso contribuem para o desenvolvimento da autonomia, do pensamento crítico e da capacidade de resolução de problemas. Além disso, tais metodologias favorecem a integração entre teoria e prática, promovendo experiências de aprendizagem mais significativas e contextualizadas. Conclui-se que as metodologias ativas representam importantes ferramentas pedagógicas para fortalecer o processo de aprendizagem significativa no ensino superior, contribuindo para a formação de profissionais mais críticos, reflexivos e preparados para os desafios da sociedade contemporânea.

O artigo tem por objetivo mostrar que, em muitos momentos, no fazer pedagógico, os/as professores/as desobedecem ao currículo escolar e que, ao fazerem isso, estão considerando a realidade da escola onde atuam e a singularidade dos/as alunos/as; estão construindo um currículo na relação com todos aqueles que lá estão, potencializando várias novas maneiras de ser. A análise é fruto de pesquisa em que se utilizou entrevista semiestruturada com professores/as de uma escola pública estadual. A análise dos enunciados dos/as professores/as aproxima-se da perspectiva pós-estruturalista e apresenta, primeiramente, contribuições de teóricos como Frédéric Gros, Michel Foucault, Suely Rolnik, Gilles Deleuze e Hannah Arendt, entre outros, para a reflexão/compreensão sobre como, na desobediência/insurgência/revolta contra certas condições históricas, criamos a nós mesmos e as nossas vidas e abrimos possibilidades de condições históricas diferentes. Em um segundo momento, por meio da análise das entrevistas dos/as professores/as, mostramos que, ao desobedecerem ao currículo, eles/as estão potencializando a diferença presente na escola e provocando transformações subjetivas e objetivas que acarretarão formas diferentes de estar no mundo e de relacionar-se com ele, com eles/as mesmos/as e com os outros.

This review examines the application of neural network architectures for cattle identification and recognition using snout images as the primary biometric trait, motivated by the anatomical uniqueness and high inter-individual variability of this region. Beyond reporting performance metrics, the analyzed literature consistently highlights that the discriminative power of bovine facial recognition systems is strongly associated with specific visual features, including the spatial configuration of nostrils, texture patterns of the muzzle surface, local curvature of the snout region, and contrast variations under different illumination conditions. A wide range of algorithms and tools, such as SIFT, SURF, KNN, and deep learning architectures including YOLO-based detectors and ResNet-50 backbones, have been employed to extract and model these features effectively. The reviewed studies report high recognition performance, with recent YOLOv8-based approaches achieving accuracies close to or equal to 100% under controlled conditions. Furthermore, the use of transfer learning, convolutional feature hierarchies, and ensemble classifiers, such as random forests, enhances robustness to pose variation, noise, and environmental variability. These findings demonstrate that the success of bovine facial and muzzle recognition is primarily driven by the quality and stability of learned visual features rather than by dataset-specific configurations. As a result, such systems show strong potential for real-time livestock monitoring, health assessment, disease tracking, and scalable precision livestock management, with applicability extending to other animal species.

Abstract Purpose: Wildlife is a major source of infectious diseases affecting humans and domestic animals; however, the impacts of parasitism on naturally parasitized fauna remain largely unknown. In this study, we evaluated the outcomes of Leishmania infantum infection in blood parameters of South American coatis ( Nasua nasua ) in an area endemicfor leishmaniasis in the Brazilian Midwest region. Methods: In total, 128 blood samples were obtained from 77 adult South American coatis. Health status was inferred from hematological and biochemical parameters categorized into the following indicators: red blood cell count, coagulation, immune response, infection response, kidney damage, liver damage (LDI), cardiac damage, skeletal muscle damage (SMDI), nutritional profile, and protein profile (PPI). We compared the hematological and biochemical parameters of infected and uninfected animals using the Student’s t-test and Mann–Whitney U-test, and assessed the direct effects of L. infantum on health indicators and body condition (BC) through path analysis. R esults: Our findings showed that L. infantum infection affected LDI through a positive correlation with alanine and aspartate aminotransferases but had no impact on BC. However, BC was influenced by SMDI and PPI through correlations with creatine kinase and albumin levels, respectively, regardless of parasitism. Conclusions: Our results indicate that L. infantum may cause long-lasting subclinical infections in coatis living in urban areas of the Brazilian Midwest. We highlight the importance of monitoring the impact of L . infantum infections on wild mammals in leishmaniasis-endemic areas.

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the presence of microplastics in the gastrointestinal tract and lungs of white-eared opossums ( Didelphis albiventris ), as well as their effects on these organs and body condition of sampled animals. We captured 22 opossums from April to December 2023 in six forest fragments of Campo Grande, capital of Mato Grosso do Sul state. The estimate of body condition was performed using measurements of weight and head-body length for males and females. Stomach, ileum, and lung fragments were collected during necropsies for histopathological study and detection of microplastics by alkaline digestion with KOH. Digested samples were vacuum filtered using filter paper and dried in an oven. The dried filters were examined under an optical microscope. A total of 270 microplastics were detected in the 22 animals examined. The ileum presented the highest number of microplastics (n = 141), fibers were the most common type (n = 185), and blue was the predominant color (n = 140). Regarding chemical composition, the most frequently detected microplastics were polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. Although all D. albiventris presented microplastics in their evaluable tissues, no effects on body condition or tissue damage were observed. Since D. albiventris are common animals in Campo Grande and are contaminated by microplastics, these animals can act as sentinels of environmental condition.

Although the term “Global South” has been increasingly invoked by heads of State as a call for enhanced multilateralism and institutional reform, its academic conceptualization remains underdeveloped. Therefore, we investigate how and where scientific knowledge about the Global South is produced, using a meta-analysis of around 17,000 articles [1994–2024] indexed in Scopus database. The paper shows that authors and funding are predominantly from Global North institutions, particularly the United States. However, rising powers are increasingly active contributors, notably South Africa, India, China and Brazil. The most frequent research topics include globalization, COVID-19, climate change, gender issues, neoliberalism, decolonization and sustainability. The results also reveal the centrality of Africa in the debate, and the underrepresentation of Global South institutions in leading journals. The conclusion calls for more scientific collaboration to improve visibility of knowledge produced in the Global South institutions and suggests that ESG may be a key player.

Antibiotics have been shown to have unintended effects on the host by disrupting the beneficial microbiota. In this study, we explored and longitudinally monitored microbiota during and after antibiotic treatment for infection. We induced a systemic Escherichia coli infection in 45 BALB/c mice, with 25 as uninfected controls. The disease was treated with meropenem. The animals were evaluated longitudinally three times, including 3 hours, five days of treatment, and 30 days post-treatment. Intestinal, lung, blood, and peritoneal lavage samples were collected for analysis. Our findings show that meropenem effectively treated the lethal systemic infection caused by E. coli. Hematological parameters, crypt depth, and goblet cell numbers remained unchanged for 30 days post-antibiotic treatment. However, antibiotic treatment impaired the recovery of the gut microbiota, even 30 days post-treatment. This long-term meropenem impact on microbiota was observed in both infected and non-infected (saline-treated) groups. Alpha and beta diversity analyses did not indicate a microbiota recovery. Notably, Lactobacillus and Bacteroides decreased, while Clostridioides, Enterococcus, and Escherichia-Shigella increased. This study provides novel evidence that, even 30 days after meropenem treatment in a simulated E. coli infection, the intestinal microbiota does not recover, highlighting prolonged antibiotic-induced dysbiosis.

Na atualidade, os deslocamentos migratórios estão diretamente ligados à crise metabólica do capitalismo. As mulheres migrantes e refugiadas, principalmente negras e indígenas, e da comunidade LGBTQIAP+ são as mais afetadas, nesses movimentos, pois enfrentam violência institucional e criminalização, o que as torna mais vulneráveis ​​à exploração e discriminação. Este estudo busca compreender como os afetos e as afecções se inter-relacionam na constituição social das mulheres atendidas no Centro de Apoio aos Migrantes (CEDAMI), em Campo Grande – MS. A metodologia compreende uma pesquisa qualitativa e participante, com a realização de rodas de conversa. O referencial teórico é pautado na abordagem sócio-histórica e no feminismo marxista. Os primeiros resultados do estudo demostram que a exclusão, a discriminação e as condições precárias de vida afetam todas as fases do processo migratório, impactando as relações sociais e estruturas familiares, além de resultar em desemprego e exploração. A luta dessas mulheres vai além da sobrevivência física, inclui a preservação da memória e identidade delas, que são constantemente ameaçadas pelo apagamento do sistema capitalista. Os afetos/emoções expressos nos desenhos revelam as experiências de opressão e resistência, e evidenciam que os afetos desempenham um papel central na formação de identidades e na busca por emancipação.