Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná

O sistema de justiça e a polícia ocupam posições centrais na organização e na regulação da vida social contemporânea. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar e analisar a estrutura das Representações Sociais da população brasileira acerca da polícia e do sistema de justiça examinando seus elementos centrais e periféricos, bem como as possíveis articulações simbólicas entre essas instituições no contexto da violência e da organização da ordem social. 232 pessoas responderam a um questionário online com questões sociodemográficas e duas questões de evocação livre sobre o Sistema de Justiça e a Polícia. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e por análise prototípica com auxílio do programa IRaMuTeQ e interpretados com base na abordagem estrutural da Teoria das Representações Sociais. Os resultados evidenciam que as representações sociais da Polícia e do Sistema de Justiça se organizam de maneira distinta, embora compartilhem elementos estruturais de crítica, especialmente relacionados ao racismo e à corrupção. A Polícia é representada de forma ambivalente, sendo reconhecida como indispensável à segurança e, simultaneamente, associada a práticas violentas e seletivas. O Sistema de Justiça apresenta uma configuração mais consensualmente negativa, estruturada por percepções de morosidade, desigualdade e ineficiência.

Objective To synthesize the self-reported prevalence of scientific misconduct in health-related research through a systematic review and meta-analysis, including a broader range of unethical practices than previous investigations. Methods A systematic search was conducted across six electronic databases and three sources of gray literature. Observational studies reporting the prevalence of scientific misconduct among researchers, students, or health professionals were included. The methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist, and a random-effects meta-analysis was performed using the Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation. Results Twenty-nine studies were included, totaling 17,919 analyzed responses. The most prevalent form of misconduct was honorary authorship (32%; 95% CI: 21%–44%), followed by plagiarism (28%; 95% CI: 12%–47%), data falsification (12%; 95% CI: 6%–19%), data fabrication (11%; 95% CI: 6%–19%), and methodological manipulation (4%; 95% CI: 2%–7%). High heterogeneity was observed for most outcomes (I 2 ≥ 95%), except for methodological manipulation (I 2 = 62%). No evidence of publication bias was found (p > 0.05). Conclusion Scientific misconduct remains a widespread issue in health research. The findings underscore the need for institutional policies that promote research integrity, transparent authorship criteria, and ethical training. Despite the potential for underreporting due to self-reported data, the results provide an important overview of the extent and types of misconduct present in the current scientific practice.

Introduction This study evaluated the effects of a structured intervention protocol, grounded in systematic and multisensory phonics instruction, on reading development in children identified as showing risk signs for dyslexia through a multifactorial protocol. Methods Seventy-six preschool and early elementary students were classified into three risk levels (mild, moderate, significant) based on phonological awareness, rapid automatized naming (RAN), and short-term/working memory. The intervention consisted of four progressive cycles (28 sessions in total). Cycles I and II involved small-group preventive sessions targeting phonological awareness, oral language, and early literacy concepts, supported by phonics-based materials and multisensory activities. From Cycle III onward, students were divided into two support groups: Risk Level 1 (small-group prevention) and Risk Level 2 (individual intensive support). Literacy development was monitored at five timepoints (T1–T5). Analyses included chi-square tests ( χ 2 ), adjusted standardized residuals, Cramér’s V, and multinomial logistic regression. Results The intervention significantly increased the number of children achieving initial and consolidated literacy stages, with a reduction in those remaining at the pre-literacy stage. By T5, no significant differences remained between risk groups and the comparison group, indicating effectiveness of the intervention in promoting similar developmental trajectories. A small subset of students showed persistent difficulties, underscoring the need for ongoing individualized support. Differentiated response patterns across risk levels confirmed the predictive validity of the early identification protocol, demonstrating its utility for selecting children most in need of preventive and intensive intervention. Conclusion A structured multisensory and systematic phonics-based intervention applied to children identified through early risk identification effectively supported those at risk for dyslexia. Findings highlight the potential of preventive and intensive interventions to reduce literacy gaps and the importance of sustained individualized support for students with persistent challenges, offering practical implications for inclusive education policies in public schools.

This study was necessary to address the evident gap in critical care skills and support systems specific to this facility. At Gushegu Municipal Hospital, the effectiveness of critical care management heavily depends on the knowledge and skills of nurses, who play a crucial role in determining patient outcomes. A concurrent triangulation mixed-methods design was employed to integrate findings. Quantitative data were collected from 133 nurses using a validated questionnaire (Cronbach’s α = 0.8), while qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with 5 purposively selected ICU nurses. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 29, and qualitative data underwent thematic analysis using NVivo version 12. The demographic profile of the quantitative sample revealed that 72% of respondents were female, with a mean age of 34 years (SD = 6.2), and an average of 5.1 years (SD = 2.8) of professional nursing experience. Quantitative findings indicated that only 48% of nurses demonstrated adequate knowledge of critical care protocols, with particular challenges in ECG interpretation (only 42% confident) and complex patient assessments (55%). The qualitative analysis identified three core themes: Knowledge Gaps and Training Needs — highlighting deficiencies in critical care skills and a desire for ongoing professional development. The findings underscore the urgent necessity for systemic interventions to bridge knowledge gaps, enhance resource availability, and foster a supportive work environment.

Postoperative pain is a frequent clinical concern following endodontic treatment. This study aimed to develop and validate supervised machine learning models to predict the occurrence of postoperative pain in cases of irreversible pulpitis. A prospective sample of 354 patients aged 18 to 60 years undergoing standardised endodontic treatment was analysed. In the original randomised clinical trials from which the data were derived, each patient had only one eligible tooth included. Clinical variables included postoperative pain at 24 and 72 h, treated tooth group, occlusal reduction, photobiomodulation therapy, use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), sex and age. Eight supervised machine learning algorithms were trained to predict pain occurrence, including Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine, Gradient Boosting, Random Forest, Decision Tree, K-Nearest Neighbours, AdaBoost and Multilayer Perceptron. The dataset was divided into training (70%) and testing (30%) sets using stratified sampling. Class imbalance in the training set, characterised by a lower proportion of cases with moderate or severe pain, was addressed using the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique. Hyperparameters were optimised through grid search combined with stratified five-fold cross validation. Model performance was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score, with 95% confidence intervals estimated by bootstrapping. The predictive models achieved good discrimination of pain outcomes. Logistic Regression showed the best test performance at 24 h (AUC 0.74 [95% CI: 0.61 to 0.85], precision 0.81 [95% CI: 0.73 to 0.88]). At 72 h, the Support Vector Machine achieved the highest performance (AUC 0.81 [95% CI: 0.69 to 0.92], precision 0.88 [95% CI: 0.79 to 0.94]). Age and sex emerged as the most influential predictors across models. Supervised machine learning models demonstrated promising performance for predicting postoperative pain following endodontic treatment. Logistic Regression and Support Vector Machine algorithms presented the most consistent results, supporting their potential clinical application for personalised pain management.

Timomodulina (TMD) é um extrato polipeptídico do timo de vitelo com ação imunomoduladora, porém seu uso clínico é limitado pela necessidade de administração parenteral prolongada. Neste trabalho, desenvolveram-se micropartículas poliméricas mucoadesivas contendo TMD, como alternativa de liberação modificada, visando melhorar a adesão ao tratamento. Formulações com 5%, 10% e 20% de TMD foram preparadas por secagem por aspersão (spray-drying) usando hidroxipropilmetilcelulose (HPMC) e poloxâmero 188. As micropartículas obtidas apresentaram morfologia predominantemente esférica/distorcida, superfície lisa a rugosa, e tamanho médio em torno de 10 µm. O método colorimétrico (Lowry) empregado para quantificação de TMD foi seletivo e linear, revelando eficiências de encapsulamento elevadas (84,4–98,6%). A difração de raios X indicou que o TMD se encontra majoritariamente disperso amorfamente na matriz polimérica. Espectros de FTIR confirmaram a ausência de interações químicas entre fármaco e polímeros. Análises térmicas (TG e DSC) evidenciaram que a incorporação em matriz polimérica conferiu proteção térmica ao TMD, reduzindo eventos de degradação. Em tampão fosfato pH 6,8, as formulações com 10% e 20% de TMD apresentaram liberação in vitro lenta e sustentada, liberando cerca de 23% do fármaco em 3 horas (eficiências de dissolução ~7,7%). Os resultados demonstram que as micropartículas de TMD obtidas por spray-drying constituem uma estratégia promissora para novas formas farmacêuticas de liberação prolongada do imunomodulador.

Considerando a importância histórica de compreender os fatores que contribuem para a redução de comportamentos disruptivos à convivência social, esta revisão integrativa da literatura teve como objetivo analisar a relação entre as respostas emocionais de culpa e vergonha e os repertórios comportamentais pró-sociais e antissociais, com base em estudos publicados entre 2018 e 2023. A revisão foi conduzida segundo as diretrizes do PRISMA, garantindo rigor e transparência na identificação, seleção e análise dos dados. A busca foi realizada nas bases PsycInfo, SCOPUS, Web of Science, PubMed e Cochrane, utilizando a string: ("Antisocial behavior" OR "Comportamento antissocial" OR "Prosocial behavior" OR "Comportamento pró-social") AND ("Shame" OR "Vergonha" OR "Guilt" OR "Culpa"). Os critérios de inclusão consideraram artigos revisados por pares, publicados em português ou inglês, no período de 2018 a 2023. A seleção foi realizada em cinco etapas, incluindo triagem por título, leitura na íntegra e extração de dados referentes ao ano, país, amostra, método, delineamento e relações entre as variáveis investigadas. Os resultados indicam que a culpa está positivamente associada a comportamentos pró-sociais e negativamente associada a comportamentos antissociais. A vergonha, por sua vez, apresentou relações variáveis, influenciadas por aspectos contextuais, como a presença de terceiros. Os achados oferecem contribuições relevantes para o desenvolvimento de intervenções voltadas à redução de comportamentos antissociais, além de identificarem lacunas que podem orientar pesquisas futuras. Palavras-chave: culpa; vergonha; comportamento social; psicologia forense.

O artigo analisa a enunciação de mulheres indígenas em discursos que evidenciam o enfrentamento de crises e de catástrofes. Buscam-se ações políticas conduzidas por essas mulheres, destacando a articulação entre semiótica, política e estética, nas formas de vida e nas práticas enunciativas. O suporte teórico-metodológico envolve a base greimasiana sobre a enunciação, as dinâmicas da temporalidade na semiótica em Bertrand (2021) e Fontanille (2021a), além da noção de política em Rancière (2009). Para isso, o estudo utiliza como objeto empírico as postagens da Rede Katahirine, autodenominada Rede de Cineastas Indígenas, rastreando seus discursos audiovisuais desde a criação do grupo. A abordagem de eixos temáticos, dos modos de enunciar e dos recursos de construção de subjetividade evidenciam um tipo de ativismo digital distinto daqueles costumeiramente identificados em ativismos de gênero. Não se ancora na oposição homem-mulher, ou na denúncia/cobrança de um modo de vida outro para além da lógica machista e biológica da estrutura social hegemônica. Ao contrário, a qualificação do nós coloca em plano de igualdade todos os seres, objetais ou subjetais, e se esmera poeticamente em mostrar formas de convivência, criações e expressões voltadas a dar imagens de si de potência política. Palavras-chave: Enunciação. Dissenso. Formas de vida. Temporalidade. Rede Katahirine.

Noise pollution from modified vehicles represents a growing environmental and social sustainability concern in urban areas. Understanding the psychological factors underlying such behaviors is essential for promoting sustainable mobility and public well-being. The present study investigates whether schadenfreude (i.e., the enjoyment of others’ misfortune) predicts attitudes toward loud car modifications, an environmentally unsustainable behavior linked to social disturbance. University undergraduate students (N = 606; 61% men) completed an online self-report survey assessing sex, age, schadenfreude across three scenarios, and attitudes toward loud cars. Multiple regression analyses revealed that men with lower scores on two schadenfreude scenarios and higher scores on the third were more likely to report favorable attitudes toward loud car modifications. These findings extend previous research on personality and antisocial driving tendencies, highlighting the relevance of emotional traits in understanding behaviors that undermine sustainable urban environments. Future interventions addressing social and psychological drivers of noise pollution may contribute to environmental and social sustainability efforts.

Pain following endodontic treatment is a common complication potentially linked with genetic polymorphisms that modulate pain biomarkers. Hence, this study aimed to explore the association between pain experienced after endodontic treatment and genetic polymorphisms in the genes encoding inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2), and suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS1). The study involved 108 participants with single-rooted teeth, single canals, and necrotic pulp related to asymptomatic apical periodontitis. All endodontic treatments were executed in a single session. Pain and tenderness levels were measured using a visual analog scale (VAS) on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 14th, and 30th day post-treatment. Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from saliva cells and the genetic polymorphisms rs2779249, rs2297518, rs243327 and rs33977706 were genotyped using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Genotype distribution was assessed using univariate and multivariate Poisson regressions through generalized estimating equations (GEE) and categorized based on the presence or absence of pain and tenderness, and the significance threshold was set at p < 0.05. The genetic polymorphism rs2297518 in the NOS2 gene was associated with pain in the recessive model (p = 0.019) and to tenderness in both the codominant (p = 0.008) and recessive (p < 0.001) models. The genetic polymorphisms rs2779249 in NOS2 and rs243327 and rs33977706 in SOCS1 showed no association with pain or tenderness (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the genetic polymorphism rs2297518 in the NOS2 gene was associated with pain after root canal treatment. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the genetic factors influencing postoperative pain in endodontics, which may help in developing personalized pain management strategies and improving patient care.