Universidade de Pernambuco

The objective of this scoping review is to map the evidence on using smartwatches to objectively measure physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep in children, adolescents, adults, and older adults. This review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines for scoping reviews, following a previously published protocol. The searches were conducted in January 2022 on Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, Scielo, LILACS, Health Technology Assessment Database, Cochrane clinical trials, and clinical trials. The screening was performed independently by two authors. A narrative synthesis was used. After the electronic search, 5,925 records were identified and 2,008 duplicates removed. Screening of 3,917 titles and abstracts resulted in 491 full-text articles assessed for eligibility. A total of 427 studies were excluded for not meeting inclusion criteria, with one study added after author contact. Thus, 64 of these studies were included. Sample sizes ranged widely from 4 to 6,454 participants, with most studies (80.9%) including 100 or fewer participants. Most studies were conducted in the United States (46.9%), followed by China (9.4%). A total of 18 different smartwatch brands were identified, with Apple® being the most investigated (46.9%), followed by Samsung® (15.6), Fitbit® (14.1%), Motorola® (10.9%), Polar® (10.9%), Garmin® (9.4%), Asus® (3.1%), and others (1.6% each. Smartwatches were primarily used to validate measurements of PA, SB, and/or sleep parameters, followed by their use in assessing these variables as exposures or outcomes, testing feasibility, supporting self-monitoring, and other purposes. The most frequently measured variables were steps, total sleep time, and SB. This review can help studies, interventions, and health professionals that aim to use this technology as a measurement instrument, as well as help end users who use it on a daily basis.

Asthma is one of the most prevalent noncommunicable chronic diseases worldwide. Adolescents' emotional state has been associated with asthma symptoms and disease severity. Given the epidemiological relevance of anxiety and asthma during adolescence, it is important to investigate the association between these conditions. The objective of this study is to analyze the association between social anxiety and asthma in adolescents. This was a cross-sectional school-based study conducted among adolescents aged 14 to 19 years. Data were collected using the adapted Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS), the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire, and the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A). Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between asthma and the following variables: social anxiety, age, sex, physical activity level, maternal education, parental asthma, parental smoking, and municipality. A total of 4514 adolescents were assessed, 54.6% of whom were female. Active asthma was present in 26.5% of participants, while severe asthma was reported by 10%. Mild anxiety affected 46.7%, and moderate to intense anxiety was reported by 27.2% of participants. Adolescents with moderate to intense anxiety had a higher likelihood of active asthma (OR=1.6; 95%CI: 1.3-2.0) and more than twice the risk of severe asthma (OR=2.1; 95%CI: 1.5-3.0). An association was found between asthma and social anxiety symptoms, with increased anxiety levels correlating with greater asthma severity. These findings highlight the potential relevance of considering mental health in asthma management strategies.

A liderança é um tema essencial para alcançar o máximo desempenho das organizações. Para permanecerem competitivas, as empresas buscam aumentar sua produtividade, obter informações rápidas e de qualidade, assegurar flexibilidade, inovação e eficiência na execução das tarefas. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar quais são as principais competências de liderança na perspectiva dos integrantes de uma equipe do setor de projetos em uma empresa de engenharia. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo de caso com a equipe de engenharia do setor de projetos, no qual foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com cinco pessoas. A análise dos dados obtidos foi feita por meio da metodologia de análise de conteúdo em que foram apontadas pela pesquisa bibliográfica oito características. Dessas, sete foram mencionadas pelos entrevistados, com destaque para a comunicação, mencionada quatro vezes. Além disso, surgiu uma competência: a humildade, possível achado da pesquisa, visto que não foi contemplada toda a literatura sobre o tema, mas que aponta possibilidades para futuras pesquisas. Este estudo visa contribuir tanto para o desenvolvimento das competências dos líderes de projetos da organização, quanto para o avanço do debate sobre as competências de gestão no setor de projetos de engenharia.

O presente artigo apresenta reflexões sobre as relações entre o semiárido brasileiro, o Domínio da Caatinga e os processos de desertificação, a partir de uma abordagem que integra dimensões ambientais, educacionais, históricas, políticas e socioculturais. Inicialmente, problematiza-se a caracterização do semiárido, evidenciando a singularidade do domínio das Caatingas como um domínio morfoclimático exclusivamente brasileiro, marcado por elevada diversidade biológica e por modos de vida historicamente constituídos em estreita relação com o território. Em seguida, discute-se a desertificação como um fenômeno socioambiental complexo, resultante não apenas de condicionantes climáticos, mas também de práticas históricas de uso da terra associadas a uma racionalidade moderna-colonial que institui a separação entre natureza e cultura. O recorte empírico concentra-se no Núcleo de Desertificação de Cabrobó, no Sertão do São Francisco (PE), território que abriga comunidades indígenas cujos sistemas de vida, conhecimento e espiritualidade estão intrinsecamente articulados aos ecossistemas da Caatinga. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa adota uma abordagem qualitativa, baseada na análise de narrativas e entrevistas com lideranças dos povos Pankararu e Truká, em diálogo com referenciais decoloniais e estudos sobre território e saberes tradicionais. Os resultados evidenciam que a desertificação incide também sobre dimensões culturais e cosmológicas, configurando processos de “desertificação cultural”. Destacam-se, contudo, práticas de resistência e experiências educacionais territorializadas que reafirmam os saberes indígenas como fundamentais para a construção de uma Educação Ambiental contextualizada.

Introduction: Brazil’s National Immunization Program has celebrated more than half a century of consolidated success in preventing and controlling vaccine-preventable diseases. Nevertheless, there are still children who are not brought in for vaccination. Considering the individual and social benefits of vaccination adherence in child health, aswell as the different perspectives of care, understanding the reasons behind non-adherence can inform effective strategies. Objective: To understand the factors associated with difficulties in vaccinating children in early childhood in the interior of Pernambuco, Brazil. Method: A qualitative, descriptive study was conducted with 23 parents or guardians of children up to 5 years old, users of Primary Health Care Units located in the urban area of Santa Maria da Boa Vista, Pernambuco, Brazil. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews with both open- and closed-ended questions. Data were processed using IRAMUTEQ software and analyzed through Descending Hierarchical Classification (DHC). Results: The analysis generated 137 text segments, with a retention rate of 68.61%. The DHC revealed two main clusters: political, socioeconomic, and cultural factors; and communicational and educational factors. These clusters unfolded into five classes: doses and schedules; actions and care; diseases and health; knowledge and vaccines; and fake news and anti-vaccination. Conclusions: The main factors impacting the updating of the childhood vaccination schedule include vaccine stock shortages, child illness, incompatibility with work schedules, lack of transportation, the spread of fake news, and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings highlight structural and social challenges faced by families, underscoring the need for integrated actions to expand vaccination coverage.

Objetivo do estudo: identificar o efeito das variáveis orientação empreendedora, orientação para o mercado e relações de rede sobre o desempenho das empresas de internacionalização acelerada (EIA), bem como identificar se há efeito de mediação da variável experiência internacional na relação entre as variáveis supracitadas e o desempenho das EIA. Metodologia/abordagem: estudo de abordagem quantitativa, cujos dados foram analisados a partir de análise fatorial combinatória, seguida do teste do modelo de regressão e de uma análise de mediação. Originalidade/Relevância: estudos sobre negócios internacionais apresentam um vasto conhecimento sobre desempenho organizacional. No entanto, no contexto das empresas de internacionalização acelerada encontra-se uma relativa escassez de pesquisas, onde diversos fatores são testados, mas não de forma integrada. Principais resultados: os resultados indicam que os principais fatores que afetam o desempenho das EIA são a Orientação Empreendedora e a Orientação para o Mercado, e que a Experiência Internacional faz a mediação entre as Relações de Rede e o Desempenho dessas empresas. Contribuições teórico/metodológicas: esta pesquisa integrou elementos interdisciplinares, preenchendo a lacuna encontrada na literatura (ver, Jiang, Kotabe, Zhang, Hao, Paul & Wang, 2020; Knight & Liesch, 2016). Contribuições gerenciais: os resultados podem contribuir para gestores de empresas de rápida internacionalização ou empreendedores com perspectivas de atuação internacional, no sentido de dar um direcionamento sobre quais fatores deverão ser mais úteis para competir no mercado externo.

Maltreatment and dysfunctional parenting styles have significant negative effects on the health of children and adolescents. To analyse the prevalence of possible bruxism and its relationship with parenting style in children and adolescents who have been victimized and placed in institutional foster care. This was a cross-sectional study with 88 participants aged between 8 and 17 who were sheltered in institutions in a city in the Northeast of Brazil. Data was collected by conducting an oral examination and asking questions from the RDC/TMD to check for possible bruxism; the Demandingness and Responsiveness Scales to determine parenting style; as well as sociodemographic data contained in the participants' medical records. Pearson's Chi-square and Fisher's Exact Tests were used to verify associations between categorical variables. Normality was checked using the Shapiro-Wilk Test and, in the absence of normality, the Mann-Whitney Test. High prevalence of possible bruxism was found (48.9%). The most common parenting style was neglectful (37.5%). There was a significant association between possible bruxism and variables such as family visit (p=0.047), demandingness (p=0.034), responsiveness (p=0.011), and parenting style (p=0.043). A high prevalence of possible bruxism was observed in the sample studied. The parenting style most often reported by those examined was neglectful. There was an association between possible bruxism and the variables family visit, demandingness, responsiveness, and parenting style.

Background: We aimed to (i) identify the factors associated with performance in non-elite runners, (ii) present the terms and definitions/attributes used to characterize runners, and (iii) identify how performance has been operationalized. Methods: Our search was conducted using the databases PubMed, Web of Science, Medline Ovid, Cochrane, PsycInfo, Scielo, Scopus, and SportDiscus in October 2023 and updated in February 2026. Original articles that assessed factors associated with performance in non-elite runners competing in distances ranging from 5 km to ultramarathons were included. The findings were summarized by race distance. The Joanna Briggs Institute Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies critical appraisal tool was used for quality assessment. Results: A total of 4151 studies were identified, and 66 studies were included in the final selection. “Recreational” and “athletes” were the most used terms, and finish time was the most common indicator of performance. Performance decline was influenced by arm circumference and mid-axillary skinfold thickness, smoking, body mass index, alcohol consumption, and weather characteristics. Training variables, physiological determinants, and social variables were positively related to performance. Conclusions: The field struggles with a lack of clarity regarding the nomenclature and criteria used to categorize runners. The relevance of a predictor differs according to race distance, with physiological aspects becoming less important at higher distances (i.e., marathon and ultramarathon).

Agricultural production systems increasingly face ecological instability driven by biodiversity loss, landscape simplification, and climate variability. While a growing body of research has examined the role of ecosystem services in supporting agricultural productivity, most studies have focused on average yield performance rather than the temporal stability of production across heterogeneous landscapes. This gap limits the understanding of how spatial landscape structure influences the resilience of agroecosystems and their capacity to sustain food production under environmental uncertainty. The main objective of this study was to synthesize global evidence on how landscape configuration influences the stability of ecosystem services and the resilience of agroecological yields. Methodologically, this study employed an integrative literature review conducted between November 2025 and February 2026 across major scientific databases. An initial set of 216 records was identified and subjected to systematic screening procedures based on explicit inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in a final analytical corpus of 25 studies addressing interactions between landscape structure, biodiversity, and agricultural productivity. The results indicate that landscape heterogeneity, habitat connectivity, and the presence of semi-natural habitats significantly enhance ecosystem service provision, particularly pollination and biological pest control. These ecological processes contribute not only to increased crop productivity but also to greater yield stability across environmental fluctuations. The findings suggest that agricultural resilience is strongly influenced by the ecological structure of landscapes rather than by input-intensive production strategies alone. In conclusion, designing biodiversity-rich agricultural landscapes emerges as a key strategy for stabilizing ecosystem services and strengthening the resilience of food production systems in the context of global environmental change.