Universitätsklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenkrankheiten

Einleitung Szenenklassifizierungssysteme, die Richtmikrofone und Algorithmen zur Signalverbesserung kombinieren, bekommen einen wachsenden Stellenwert bei der täglichen Anwendung von Hörsystemen. Die neusten Entwicklungen nutzen neuronale Netze, um CI-Trägern auf Wunsch die Entscheidung abzunehmen das optimale Programm zu wählen, wenn sie sich in eine neue Hörsituation begeben. Die Fokussierung auf eine bestimmte Richtung, die Hervorhebung von Sprache, die z.B. von der Seite oder von hinten kommt, sowie die automatische Anpassung an Sprach- oder Störsignale können die Hörfähigkeit im Alltag von CI- Patienten verbessern.

Einleitung Die auditorische Synaptopathie/Neuropathie (AS/AN) ist definiert als sensorineuraler Hörverlust aufgrund einer gestörten Synchronisation der Erregung von Spiralganglienneuronen. Ursächlich kann eine Fehlfunktion in den inneren Haarzellen, den Bändersynapsen, den postsynaptischen Dendriten, den Spiralganglienzellen, den postsynaptischen Axonen und/oder den Nuclei cochleares sein.

Einleitung Therapieoptionen für Patienten mit größenprogredientem Akustikusneurinom (AKN) umfassen abhängig von Tumorgröße und -lokalisation eine Resektion oder Radiotherapie und gehen mit einer Einschränkung der peripher vestibulären Funktion einher. Zur sich anschließenden zentralen Kompensation ist bisher wenig bekannt und Inhalt der Untersuchung.

Introduction Chemotherapy is a known treatment option for head and neck carcinomas. Cisplatin is used as monotherapy or in combination with cetuximab in aggressive cases while sunitinib has shown effective alone or in combination with cetuximab. Although these agents exert their effect through membrane drug transporters, the molecular mechanism behind cetuximab’s effect on cisplatin and sunitinib cytotoxicity in treating head and neck cancer is unclear. In vitro models of head and neck carcinoma and normal oral epithelium are used to explore these pharmacological ambiguities.

Previous studies have shown that the vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF plays a major role in angiogenesis and is upregulated in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). The use of Bevacizumab as an anti-angiogenic treatment agent seems promising. The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the efficacy and potential toxicity of Bevacizumab on cell proliferation and VEGF expression in endothelial cells of HHT patients.

Introdução: No fim de 2019, vários casos da doença por Coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19) foram diagnosticados em Wuhan, na China, e depois também diagnosticados em outras regiões do mundo, criando uma pandemia global. O acidente vascular encefálico (AVE) é uma síndrome heterogênea que compreende vários mecanismos fisiopatológicos, muitos dos quais parecem ser influenciados pela infecção por SARS‐CoV‐2. Este artigo de revisão foi desenvolvido para resumir as informações sobre a relação entre o AVE e a infecção por SARS-CoV-2. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. a coleta de dados ocorreu nos meses de dezembro de 2021 e janeiro de 2022 nas seguintes bases de dados: PubMed, Scielo e LILACS. Para a busca dos artigos utilizaram-se os descritores “COVID-19”; “acidente vascular encefálico” e “isquemia cerebral”, combinados entre si por operadores booleanos. Resultados e discussão: Pacientes com COVID-19 que apresentaram AVE tiveram quadros mais graves, internações mais longas, mortalidade mais alta, porém possuíam comorbidades semelhantes aos pacientes que apresentaram AVE sem a presença de infecção viral por SARS-COV-2. Considerações finais: Com esse estudo, é possível concluir que são necessários mais artigos que busquem com fidelidade a relação entre COVID-19 e AVE. Até o momento, os estudos demonstram maior número de AVE relacionado a casos graves de COVID-19, com maior mortalidade e internações mais longas. Fatores de confusão precisam ser considerados, como idade e comorbidades mais prevalentes nas populações estudadas.

Introduction Bilateral vocal fold paralysis (BVFP) is a rare disease with an iatrogenic cause in most of the cases. The main treatment available for this condition is surgical glottal enlargement (48 %), which effectively restore the air patency in the majority of the patients, although at the expenses of their voice quality. Being a rare disease, BVFP diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up are not standardized and hugely vary from hospital to hospital and from country to country. In an attempt to improve the standardization of this procedure, we are conducting an international registry in Germany, Austria, Ukraine, Spain, and UK to compare procedures and outcomes.

Patients with advanced head and neck cancer (HNC) are confronted with major sequelae and toxicities related to multimodal treatment. Coordination of the comprehensive management through a multiprofessional team and the involvement of the patient in the treatment and care decision (holistic care) is a promising approach. We implemented a preoperative multiprofessional information day (MUPID) in 2015 in our tertiary university hospital. The multiprofessional team (physician, nurse practitioner, speech therapist, social worker, psychooncologist) informs patients and their families about the surgery and postoperative care. Further, the team assess risk factors for complications (e.g. malnutrition, alcohol abuse) and take preventive, preoperative actions. This study aims to evaluate the effect of our MUPID on peri- and postoperative outcome in this high-risk population.

The human sense of smell constitutes the main part of flavor perception. Patients with loss of olfactory function complain in most cases of diminished perception during eating and drinking. However, some patients with smell loss still report normal flavor perception. The aim of the present study was to investigate orthonasal and retronasal olfactory function in patients with smell loss and subjectively normal flavour perception.