Universitas Jember

Tree graph is a connected graph and has no circuits. Tree graphs used in this study include: broom graph, firework graph, banana tree graph, centipede graph, E graph, and double star graph. Graph coloring is the process of giving color to graph elements with the rule that neighboring elements must not have the same color and the number of colors used must be as minimal as possible. b-Coloring of a graph G is a coloring of the vertices of G such that each color class has at least one vertex adjacent to all other color classes. The b-Chromatic number of a graph G is denoted by φ (G), is the largest integer k such that G has a b-coloring with k colors. The limit of b-coloring of graph G with maximum degree ∆(G) is as follows. χ(G)≤φ(G)≤∆(G)+1.χ(G) is the chromatic number of a graph G where χ(G) is the minimum value of the color required for proper coloring of graph G. While ∆(G) is the maximum degree of the vertices in graph G. This study uses an exploratory research type with axiomatic deductive method and pattern detection method. Based on the results of this study, the results of the b-coloring analysis on the tree graph family are known. The results of this study are expected to be used as study material and development of scientific knowledge related to b-coloring of other graphs

The literacy, creativity, and solidarity enhancement program took place at SD Negeri Wonosuko 4 over a three-week period, involving 42 students from grades III to V in activities that included shared reading sessions, simple creative-product tasks, and collaborative educational games. Assessment instruments comprised literacy observation sheets, product-quality rubrics, and attitude scales measuring cooperation, with key success indicators encompassing independent reading frequency, visual product quality, and teamwork scores during group activities. Pre-test and post-test results revealed a 2% increase in literacy skills, a 3% rise in creative participation, and a 2% improvement in cooperation indicators, while qualitative findings—such as heightened reading enthusiasm, enhanced confidence in expressing ideas, and strengthened group communication—reinforce the conclusion that practice-based learning effectively promotes both academic and social development. The program demonstrates that interactive and contextual approaches can strengthen foundational literacy while cultivating collaborative character among primary school students.

Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner) is typically grown in mid-altitude areas, although some varieties are well adapted to higher elevations.This study aimed to identify vegetative and generative morphological traits determining high yield in 21 local coffee accessions from Pagar Alam Regency, South Sumatra, Indonesia.Agronomic traits and yield were analysed using ANOVA and multivariate approaches.The results showed that vegetative architecture, particularly long primary branches and numerous secondary branches, was a key determinant of high yield.One superior accession, characterized by extensive branching, exhibited outstanding generative performance, including high 100-bean weight, optimal seed production, and a high percentage of normal fruits.Strong positive correlations between vegetative and generative traits highlight the importance of agromorphological characteristics for early identification of superior accessions.These findings provide a practical framework for selecting superior Robusta coffee accessions in breeding programs.

Early marriage remains prevalent in several regions of Indonesia, particularly in Jember, which records the highest rate in East Java despite the legal age restrictions. This phenomenon is deeply rooted in family ideology, especially the mother’s role as a central figure shaping children’s perceptions. This study aims to reveal the mindset of mothers and adolescents through a syntactic analysis based on Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), focusing on the ideational, interpersonal, and textual metafunctions. Using a qualitative method, data were obtained from utterances collected through observations and elicitation interviews conducted in Madura language with responses in Indonesian. The data were analyzed using referential comparison and free interpretation methods. Findings indicate that mothers’ speech reproduces cultural, moral, and religious values concerning women’s roles, while adolescents’ language reflects conformity to those norms. Linguistic relations between them sustain early marriage as part of the established social value system, reflecting patriarchal ideology and power embedded in rural Javanese and Madurase culture. By using SFL theory, this research has succeeded in revealing that language structure is not neutral, but rather reflects the collective mindset of society which views early marriage as a moral and social obligation, not as a violation of individual rights.

Objective: We investigated the effect of ownership structure, specifically foreign and institutional ownership, on the transparency of sustainability reporting. We also examined how stakeholder pressure, particularly from environmental and customer perspectives, moderates this association, either strengthening or weakening its effects. Research Design & Methods: We employed a quantitative approach using a purposive sampling method, resulting in 672 firm-year observations from non-financial companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange during the 2020-2023 period. We measured the transparency of sustainability reports using transparency scores from the CSRHub database. We categorised stakeholder pressure into two types: environmental pressure and customer pressure, based on industry classification. We also conducted moderated regression analysis to empirically test the research model. Findings: The results indicate that we may positively associate higher levels of foreign and institutional ownership with greater transparency in sustainability reports. Stakeholder pressure moderates the impact of foreign ownership on transparency, with environmental pressure reinforcing this relationship, whereas customer pressure weakens it. Moreover, environmental and customer pressures do not significantly moderate the institutional ownership-transparency relationship. Implications & Recommendations: The findings have significant implications for regulators and prospective investors. They highlight the need for stronger regulatory enforcement and targeted stakeholder engagement to improve environmental, social, and governance (ESG) transparency, particularly in customer-facing and environmentally sensitive sectors in emerging markets. Contribution & Value Added: This study contributes to the growing body of literature on sustainability reporting transparency by offering empirical evidence from an emerging market context. Using evidence from Indonesia, it offers insights into the interplay between governance structures and stakeholder dynamics, with implications for theory and practice.

Anopheles mosquitoes are key malaria vectors, their high diversity influences transmission competence. Accurate species identification is crucial for understanding malaria epidemiology and implementing effective vector control strategies. The COX1 gene is a widely used DNA barcoding marker for Anopheles due to its high mutation rate and species-specific variations. This study evaluates the consistency of morphological and molecular identification using COX1, analyzes phylogenetic relationships, and explores the implications of these findings for malaria vector control strategies. Anopheles mosquitoes were collected from Bangsring, Banyuwangi, and Hargowilis, Kulonprogo, Indonesia, two geographically distinct sites with a history of malaria outbreaks. Mosquitoes were collected using human landing catches. Identification was performed morphologically and confirmed by molecular analysis based on COX1 sequences. Phylogenetic tree and genetic distances were analyzed in MEGA11 using the Neighbor-Joining method with the Kimura-2 Parameter model. Morphological and COX1-based identification were mostly consistent; however, specimens identified as Anopheles (An.) aconitus and An. minimus from Hargowilis were molecularly confirmed as An. flavirostris. Phylogenetic analysis revealed eight monophyletic clades with strong bootstrap support (≥99% for six), confirming species groupings. Genetic distance analysis showed An. minimus from Hargowilis clustering more closely with An. flavirostris than with An. minimus from other Asian regions. The dominance of An. sundaicus (68%) in Bangsring and An. flavirostris (13%) in Hargowilis highlights the need for targeted vector control strategies. Misidentification of cryptic Anopheles species may lead to ineffective vector control in specific epidemiological settings. Integrating molecular tools into malaria surveillance can support more accurate species identification and contribute to informed disease prevention strategies.

Plalangan Village, Kalisat Subdistrict, Jember Regency, East Java, is an agricultural village with significant potential in food crop production and fisheries that can be developed into agrotourism. However, this potential has not been optimally managed, particularly by Kelompok Sadar Wisata Selayang Pandang (Pokdarwis), whose role in tourism development remains limited. This community service programme aimed to increase Pokdarwis' knowledge and awareness of village tourism potential and to enhance skills related to environmentally friendly agricultural practices to support agrotourism development. The activities included a survey of tourism potential, socialisation, and training on environmentally friendly agriculture, conducted using a participatory approach involving all Pokdarwis members. The evaluation results showed an improvement in Pokdarwis's ability to identify village tourism potential and an increased understanding of environmentally friendly agriculture. This programme is expected to support the optimisation of village potential and contribute to the development of Plalangan Village as a sustainable agrotourism destination that improves community welfare.

Ngadisari Village is located in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, Mount Bromo,and has strong natural tourism potential. However, its agricultural practices do not yet followconservation principles or fully support agro-tourism development. This study has been completedto evaluate the implementation of conservation agriculture in the cultivation of main crops (potatoes,onions, and cabbage) according to conservation agriculture principles. The study was conducted inNgadisari Village, Sukapura District, Probolinggo, East Java, Indonesia from 2022 to 2023. Locatedat 1,950 m above sea level, the area has high rainfall (3,577 mm/year), cool temperatures (10–20°C),sloped land, and light-textured soil. Results show that most of the land in Ngadisari is used foragricultural practices that do not fully align with conservation agriculture principles. However,terracing has been implemented, reinforced by annual plants like pine or elephant grass, whichhas helped reduce soil slope. Land preparation is intensively conducted to a depth of over 30 cm.Most farming is rainfed, leaving fields bare during the dry season. Mixed cropping or two-cropintercropping is more common than monoculture, with potatoes, onions, and cabbage as the mostdominant crops.

Green coffee is coffee that does not go through a roasting process and has the main bioactive component as an antioxidant. Green coffee's liquid extract is generally used as a raw material or additional ingredient in food and non-food products. However, extracts in liquid form are easily damaged. Another effort that can be made to protect the antioxidant content of green coffee extract is to process it into green coffee powder using a foam mat drying technique. This research aims to obtain the optimum formula and determine the physical, chemical, and organoleptic characteristics of green coffee powder with variations of maltodextrin and tween 80 using the simplex lattice design method. The research design uses laboratory experimental methods with quantitative data analysis. Optimization parameters include water content tests, total dissolved solids, pH, dissolution rate, yield, and color. Supporting parameters include antioxidant activity tests, organoleptic, and ⁰hue value. The research results showed that the optimum formula for green coffee powder at a maltodextrin concentration of 0.97⁰ and tween 80 0.03% had a percentage resistance value to DPPH between 44.25-75.68% with an IC50 value of 65.15 ppm in the strong category; organoleptic parameters bright color, strong aroma, and neutral taste; The ⁰Hue value obtained is 90, including the color yellow (Y).

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death and is estimated to cause huge global economic losses. Artificial intelligence (AI) has massively assisted in the diagnosis, prognosis, and determination of the most effective therapy for cancer patients. The utilization of AI is estimated to reduce healthcare expenditures. This study aimed to systematically review the implementation of AI and its cost-effectiveness in cancer treatment. The study followed PRISMA guidelines and utilized the PubMed database. The search strategy was conducted up to 2 September 2023 using three main keywords; “Cost-effectiveness analysis”, “Cancer”, and “Artificial intelligence”. From 1746 retrieved articles, a total of 11 articles were included in the analysis. Studies found two types of AI interventions in cancer; screening type intervention(n = 6; 55%) and surgery type (n = 5; 45%). Prostate cancer was the most frequently studied (n = 3; 27%). The cost-effectiveness analysis showed that the implementation of AI was cost-effective (n=5, 46%), particularly in cancer screening intervention. The review highlights two main groups of AI interventions in cancer care: screening and cancer surgery. From a cost-effectiveness point of view, AI intervention in screening was the most cost-effective strategy in cancer. On the other hand, the AI implementation in surgery showed inconsistent findings, with many studies not fully addressing the full economic evaluation.