Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya

This study aims to explore the inclusion of local history content and its relationship with history teaching practices. These two variables are analyzed in relation to students’ perceptions of local history education. Furthermore, the study examines how these perceptions influence students’ understanding of local history and culture. Data were collected through an online survey distributed via Google Forms, involving 212 high school students from Eastern Indonesia. Four hypotheses were tested using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS), covering three aspects: measurement model (outer model), structural model testing (inner model), and robustness testing. The study reveals a positive and significant effect of local history narratives on teachers’ local history teaching practices. However, the direct influence of local history narratives on students’ perceptions is weak, requiring mediation through teaching practices to increase effectiveness. On the other hand, students’ perceptions of history show a strong and significant positive relationship with their understanding of local history. The availability of local history textbooks makes it easier for teachers to integrate local content into their teaching, which in turn encourages students to develop stronger perceptions and understanding of local history. This study underscores the importance of developing textbooks that integrate local history and culture. Such resources can serve as essential tools for teachers and students, supported by collaboration among local governments, academics, and communities.

Background: The development of literacy education in Indonesia highlights the need to understand how readers from diverse age groups engage with literary texts, particularly in culturally rich regions such as East Nusa Tenggara. Objective: This study analyzes readers' reception of modern Indonesian literature among three age groups in East Nusa Tenggara: elementary school students, senior high school students, and general youth. Methods: A descriptive qualitative approach was employed using Likert-scale questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and participatory observation. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively, while qualitative data underwent thematic coding with triangulation validation. Results: Reception develops according to age and social context. Elementary school students emphasize moral values such as honesty and learning motivation. Senior high school students engage more critically with narrative conflict and character development. General youth readers offer reflective interpretations centered on cultural values and local identity. The honesty aspect obtained the highest Likert mean (M = 4.30), followed by learning motivation (M = 4.21) and empathy (M = 4.18). Implications: Modern Indonesian literature serves as an adaptive medium for fostering literacy, character development, and cultural identity across age groups. Literary integration in educational contexts should consider readers' developmental characteristics to maximize its educational and cultural impact.

This study examines the implementation of Project-Based Learning (PjBL) in aqidah akhlaq instruction at Azanaya Homeschooling and its contribution to the development of students’ critical thinking skills in Islamic education. The study explores how PjBL is implemented, how Islamic theological concepts—particularly rububiyyatullah and mulkiyyatullah are integrated into project activities, and how facilitators and parents support the development of students’ critical thinking. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed. Data were collected through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews with facilitators and students, and analysis of instructional documents. Data analysis followed the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, supported by triangulation and member checking. The findings indicate that project-based learning encourages students to engage in authentic inquiry and reflective learning processes that stimulate key components of critical thinking, including problem analysis, interpretation of Islamic theological principles, ethical evaluation, and reflective inference. Through projects related to environmental responsibility and social ethics, students critically connect the concepts of rububiyyatullah and mulkiyyatullah with their roles as khalifah in everyday life. The collaborative partnership between facilitators and parents further strengthens reflective dialogue and supports the development of critical thinking beyond formal learning settings. This study contributes to the literature on Islamic pedagogy by demonstrating that integrating theological concepts within PjBL can function as an effective framework for cultivating critical thinking in aqidah akhlaq education, particularly within alternative learning environments such as homeschooling.

Writing skills are essential basic competencies that must be mastered by elementary school students as a means of expressing ideas, but in reality the quality of students' writing is still very low due to the many errors in the application of language rules. The focus of the problem in this study is directed at the analysis of language errors that include aspects of spelling, syntax, morphology, and word choice in grade IV students of SD Inpres Sikam, East Nusa Tenggara. The important steps or stages of this study use the Classroom Action Research approach which is implemented through two systematic cycles, including the planning stage, implementation of actions with structured exercises, process observation, and critical reflection. Based on the findings of the research, quantitative data shows a significant downward trend in the number of language errors by 31%, from a total of 198 errors in cycle I to 157 errors in cycle II. In detail, a significant decrease is seen in the morphology aspect by 57%, word choice by 46%, neatness of writing by 37%, syntax by 34%, and spelling by 18%. These findings prove that identifying dominant error patterns makes it easier for teachers to provide targeted corrective feedback to students. The main conclusion confirms that the application of classroom action research through error analysis is very effective in improving the understanding of language rules and increasing the quality of students' writing skills in a sustainable manner through dynamic instructional improvements. ABSTRAK Keterampilan menulis merupakan kompetensi dasar esensial yang harus dikuasai siswa sekolah dasar sebagai sarana ekspresi gagasan, namun pada kenyataannya kualitas tulisan siswa masih sangat rendah akibat banyaknya kesalahan penerapan kaidah bahasa. Fokus masalah dalam penelitian ini diarahkan pada analisis kesalahan berbahasa yang mencakup aspek ejaan, sintaksis, morfologi, hingga pilihan kata pada siswa kelas IV SD Inpres Sikam, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Langkah atau tahapan penting penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas yang dilaksanakan melalui dua siklus sistematis, meliputi tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan dengan pemberian latihan terstruktur, observasi proses, serta refleksi kritis. Berdasarkan temuan hasil penelitian, data kuantitatif menunjukkan adanya tren penurunan jumlah kesalahan berbahasa secara signifikan sebesar 31 %, dari total 198 kesalahan pada siklus I menjadi 157 kesalahan pada siklus II. Secara terperinci, penurunan signifikan terlihat pada aspek morfologi sebesar 57 %, pilihan kata 46 %, kerapian tulisan 37 %, sintaksis 34 %, serta aspek ejaan 18 %. Temuan ini membuktikan bahwa identifikasi pola kesalahan yang dominan memudahkan guru dalam memberikan umpan balik korektif yang tepat sasaran bagi siswa. Simpulan utama menegaskan bahwa penerapan penelitian tindakan kelas melalui analisis kesalahan sangat efektif dalam memperbaiki pemahaman kaidah bahasa serta meningkatkan kualitas keterampilan menulis siswa secara berkelanjutan melalui perbaikan instruksional yang dinamis.

Regional differences in the gut microbiota and CRC incidence and mortality rates are well-documented. However, studies on the microbiota associated with CRC in Indonesia remain scarce. This study aimed to chracterize the gut microbiota profile of CRC in Indonesia. We collected stool samples from 14 patients with CRC (CRC), 19 patients with non-CRC bowel diseases (non-CRC), and 16 healthy controls (HC). The gut microbiota profiles across the three groups were analyzed using 16 S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Data analysis was performed using several software packages: QIIME2, ANCOM-BC2, and PICRUSt2. In comparison to the non-CRC and HC groups, patients with CRC demonstrated significant differences in both alpha and beta diversity. The CRC group had lower evenness and richness than the HC group. Firmicutes and Bacteroidota were identified as the predominant phyla across all groups. The differential abundance analysis identified four beneficial genera that were substantially reduced in Indonesian CRC patients: Roseburia, Dialister, Agathobacter, and Muribaculaceae. No genera were found to be significantly enriched in CRC. Functional prediction analysis revealed multiple pathways such as mTOR, mRNA surveillance, basal transcription factors, phagosome, and proteasome, were reduced in CRC. Conversely, CRC demonstrated a significant upregulation of pathways related to lipid metabolism and the biosynthesis of flavonoids, stilbenoids, diarylheptanoids, and gingerols. Our study revealed distinct gut microbiota profiles in Indonesian CRC patients, highlighting the significance of decreased abundance of certain beneficial taxa.

<p><em>The high demand for housing among the public has led to a significant increase in the need for home financing, making the role of Islamic financial institutions crucial in providing financing solutions that align with Islamic principles. Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI), through its Griya Hasanah product, offers home ownership financing that is free from interest (riba) and based on Sharia contracts. However, the growing demand also heightens the potential risk of problematic financing, necessitating a strict and accurate classification of customer eligibility. This study aims to analyze the application of the 5C+1S principles in assessing the eligibility of customers for Griya Hasanah financing at BSI KCP Sidoarjo Krian. The method used is qualitative with a case study approach, employing in-depth interviews with the marketing team and Business Operational Staff (BOSM), along with data triangulation through financing documents and field observations. The findings reveal that the implementation of the 5C+1S principles (Character, Capacity, Capital, Collateral, Condition of Economy, and Sharia Compliance) contributes significantly to reducing the risk of problematic financing. The principles of Character and Capacity carry the highest assessment weight, as they are directly related to the customer's integrity and repayment ability. Meanwhile, the Sharia aspect serves as the main differentiator from conventional financial institutions, ensuring that all financing processes adhere to Islamic values.</em></p>

COVID-19 can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for chest X-ray (CXR) analysis have been developed to assess pulmonary damage in COVID-19 patients. We evaluated the combination of AI-CXR and hematological parameters to predict mortality and intubation events for COVID-19 patients. This study is a retrospective cohort study of COVID-19 patients for which we have collected data during the 2020–2022 period at Airlangga University Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. The total number of patients involved in this study was 312. The results of the scoring evaluation using a combination of AI-CXR, hematology parameters, respiratory rate (RR), and SaO2 showed ROC 0.854; p = 0.000; sensitivity: 74.2%; specificity: 89% in predicting 30-day mortality events, and ROC 0.846; p = 0.000; sensitivity: 80.3%; specificity: 80.9% in predicting 30-day intubation events. Meanwhile, without using AI-CXR, it shows ROC 0.822; p = 0.000; sensitivity: 80.3%; specificity: 81.7% in predicting 30-day mortality events, and ROC 0.815; p = 0.000; sensitivity: 77.3%; specificity: 81.7% in predicting 30-day intubation events. The combination of hematology parameters with or without AI-CXR has excellent sensitivity and specificity in predicting the incidence of mortality and intubation in COVID-19 patients. Not applicable.

Jama’ah Tani Muhammadiyah (JATAM) functions as a companion and protector of farmers with the primary aim of strengthening their independence and bargaining position within the agricultural system. This study analyses the business practices of JATAM through the lens of Islamic economic law. The research focuses on identifying the business model developed by JATAM and assessing the extent to which its operational practices align with Islamic economic principles. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed, using in‑depth interviews, field observations, and analysis of organisational documents and financial records. The findings show that JATAM implements a community‑based agricultural business model that collectively integrates production, capital, and marketing. JATAM acts as a facilitator by providing production inputs, offering farming assistance, and managing the distribution of agricultural products for its member farmers. This model reflects key Islamic economic principles, including the avoidance of usury, the application of profit‑sharing mechanisms, and the strengthening of mutual assistance (ta’awun). Its implementation contributes to improving farmers’ welfare, as evidenced by increased production capacity, fairer access to Sharia‑compliant capital, more equitable marketing systems, and stronger bargaining power for farmers. Despite these positive outcomes, several challenges remain, particularly in ensuring consistent adherence to Sharia principles. These challenges include weaknesses in financial documentation, limited clarity in the formulation of Sharia contracts, and the need for more professional and sustainable institutional development. The study highlights that applying Islamic economic principles within modern agricultural enterprises through community‑based institutional models such as JATAM offers a strategic pathway for strengthening the economic resilience of the ummah and empowering farmers.

Basic mathematical operations are fundamental for numeracy learning in elementary education, yet many fourth-grade students still struggle with addition, subtraction, and multiplication, especially in complex tasks. Previous methods often focus on final results and rarely apply systematic formative assessment at the beginning of instruction to support both numeracy skills and learning effort. This study examined Mini Quizzes as an early formative assessment strategy for Grade IV students at SD Muhammadiyah 4 Pucang Surabaya. Using a quantitative one-group pretest–posttest design with 62 students, results showed a 36.34% improvement in basic operation skills, with the largest gain in multiplication (+73.85%). Learning effort, measured through summative score growth, increased by 17.47%, and effect sizes ranged from moderate to high. The study demonstrates the novelty of integrating Mini Quizzes routinely at the start of lessons to reinforce conceptual understanding and sustain learning effort. Mini Quizzes are therefore recommended as a practical tool to strengthen numeracy achievement and continuous mathematics learning outcomes in elementary schools. Highlights: Students demonstrated substantial growth in arithmetic skills after systematic early-session assessments. The strongest improvement occurred in higher-complexity multiplication tasks. Summative score progression reflected consistent increases in student learning effort. Keywords: Mini Quiz, Basic Mathematical Operations, Formative Assessment, Numeracy Elementary School