University Geomedi

Georgia is recognized as one of the world’s earliest known centers of grape cultivation and wine production, as well as the home of 525 indigenous grape varieties. Phenolic compounds are a diverse group of secondary metabolites which are present in both grapes and wine, with the phenolic derivatives determining the organoleptic properties and the antioxidant activity of the resulting wines. Remarkably, the content and composition of phenolic compounds in wine are mainly influenced by the grape variety and the winemaking method. In this context, herein we review the present knowledge on the phenolic composition of the most common Georgian grape varieties and discuss available molecular insights on the resulting wines. The comparison of traditional European and traditional Georgian “qvevri” winemaking methods revealed that this method provides high antioxidant activity of Georgian wines, as well as a unique phenolic composition of red and white Georgian wines.

Healthcare professionals' and students' willingness to provide abortion influences access to care and workforce readiness. We conducted a literature synthesis to identify patterns in willingness across various clinical scenarios. Systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched five databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, and CINAHL) and gray literature for studies (January 2014 to February 2025) without language restrictions. Eligible studies reported cross-sectional data on providers' willingness, while we excluded conditionally framed scenarios. Willingness was defined as the intent, readiness, or affirmative response to provide abortion. Summary-level data on theme-specific willingness were extracted and re-coded into binary or proportional format (yes/no or n/N). Estimates were pooled using random-effects models. Meta-regression and publication bias assessments were performed. Study quality was assessed using a novel in-house tool tailored for survey-based research. We included 36 studies (n = 18,779), reporting 137 estimates across 24 themes. Willingness to provide was highest for lethal fetal anomalies (88.7%, 95% CI: 76.1%-95.1%) and maternal physical health risks (88.6%, 95% CI: 55.7%-98.0%) but substantially lower for on-request scenarios (33.1%, 95% CI: 14.9%-58.4%), surgical abortion (32.1%, 95% CI: 11.6%-63.0%), and social reasons (range 20.1%-32.0%). Multilevel modeling captured both converging and diverging response patterns across categories. Meta-regression indicated that students had consistently higher willingness than professionals. Dominant religion was also observed to be more strongly associated than legal status and other country-level indices. Evidence of small-study effects was limited apart from in a few themes. Risk of bias was high in 31% of studies, with our tool showing strong structural overlap with Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES) and Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) frameworks. Providers often prioritized abortion in life-threatening contexts but hesitated in non-urgent scenarios. Values-based training and systemic reforms are needed for equitable access to and expansion of abortion care. PROSPERO: CRD42025634868.

Infectious mononucleosis (IM), caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), is primarily a self-limiting illness. However, it often mimics bacterial infections, such as bacterial tonsillitis, which can represent a diagnostic pitfall and, consequently, increase the risk of developing complications. The aim of this case report is to highlight the complications resulting from the incorrect differential diagnosis of EBV-induced IM and its clinical significance. We present the case of a 24-year-old male who was initially misdiagnosed with bacterial tonsillitis. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was initiated for treatment, after which he developed a widespread maculopapular rash. Acute EBV infection was diagnosed via serological tests. His condition improved following the discontinuation of antibiotic therapy and the administration of supportive symptomatic treatment. This case underscores the critical need for careful differential diagnosis between viral and bacterial tonsillitis. It demonstrates that an amoxicillin-clavulanic acid-induced rash can serve as an important clue for underlying EBV infection, thereby preventing unnecessary antibiotic use and enabling the correct direction of investigation and management.

This case report presents a five-month-old infant who developed clinically manifested Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection (CDI) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) meningitis. Initially diagnosed with pseudomembranous enterocolitis and treated with oral vancomycin, the child showed gastrointestinal improvement but continued to experience persistent fever, prompting further evaluation. Neuroimaging revealed ventriculomegaly, leading to a lumbar puncture that confirmed bacterial meningitis. Empiric antibiotics were initiated, and amikacin was added following CSF culture results that identified P. aeruginosa, resulting in significant clinical improvement. This report highlights the diagnostic challenges of P. aeruginosa meningitis in infants, particularly when complicated by secondary infections like CDI. Our objective is to raise awareness about the fact that although P. aeruginosa meningitis is extremely rare in the pediatric population and CDI is infrequently symptomatic in infants, early recognition and aggressive treatment can improve outcomes and reduce complications.

Using the example of the miraculous rise of the Chinese economy, the review study presents the author’s original vision for revealing the mechanisms of the fastest economic growth, which is so necessary for developing countries and even highly developed ones. The research, after multifactorial economic analysis and psychological interpretation of economic reform, the author comes to the conclusion that, given the optimal combination of free market mechanisms and regulation, without the Chinese phenomenon of talented hard work, such results would have been impossible to achieve.

The purpose of the work is to provide clinicians with a broad overview of information and up-to-date, evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diverticular disease. Colon diverticulosis is a condition in which there is a single diverticulum in the colon. There are 2 types of diverticula – “western” and “eastern”. With the “Western” type of diverticula, the left part of the colon is predominantly affected. In 95% of cases, diverticula are located in the sigmoid or sigmoid and descending colon. The work presents a wide range of different classifications of diverticular disease. An overview of diagnostic imaging techniques and their specificity and sensitivity are also presented. A tool for endoscopic assessment of a diverticular source is presented - the DICA classification, which makes it easier for doctors to interpret the available data, evaluate them and implement an adequate treatment strategy. The work is devoted to the diagnosis, assessment and algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment of diverticular disease, both uncomplicated and complicated forms, which gives the work great practical value. The presented reviews are supplemented with practical recommendations regarding preventive approaches, conservative and surgical tactics, as well as key points in the treatment of complicated diverticular disease. ნაშრომის მიზანია, კლინიცისტებს მაიაწოდოს ფართო მიმოხილვითი ინფორმაცია და, მსოფლიოში დღეს არსებული, მტკიცებულებებზე დაფუძნებული, სანდო რეკომენდაციები დივერტიკულური დაავადების დიაგნოსტიკის, მკურნალობის და პროფილაქტიკის მიმართულებით. მსხვილი ნაწლავის დივერტიკულოზი არის მდგომარეობა, როდესაც მსხვილ ნაწლავში არსებობს, თუნდაც ერთი, დივერტიკული. განარჩევენ დივერტიკულური დაავადების 2 ტიპს – „დასავლეთის“ და„აღმოსავლეთის“. დივერტიკულური დაავადების „დასავლეთის“ ტიპის დროს, პირველ რიგში, ზიანდება მსხვილი ნაწლავის მარცხენა ნაწილი. შემთხვევათა 95%-ში დივერტიკულები განლაგებულია სიგმოიდურ კოლინჯში ან სიგმოიდურ და დაღმავალ კოლინჯში. ნაშრომში მეტად ფართოდ არის წარმოდგენილი დივერტიკულური დაავადების, დღეს გავრცელებული კლასიფიკაციები. ასევე, წარმოდგენილია სადიაგნოსტიკო გამოსახულებითი კვლევების და ენდოსკოპიური კვლევის სპეციფიკურობის და მგრძნობელობის მაჩვენებლები. მოწოდებულია დივერტიკულური დაავადების ენდოსკოპიური შეფასების ინსტრუმენტი – DICA-ს კლასიფიკაცია, რაც კლინიცისტებს მნიშვნელოვნად გაუადვილებს, მათ ხელთ არსებული, მონაცემების ინტერპრეტაციას, შეფასებას და ადეკვატური სამკურნალო ტაქტიკის დანერგვას. ასევ გართულებული ფორმების აღწერას, შეფასებას და სადიაგნოსტიკო-სამკურნალო ალგორითმს, რაც მას, კიდევ უფრო მეტ, პრაქტიკულ ღირებულებას ანიჭებს. წარმოდგენილი მიმოხილვა სრულდება პრაქტიკული რეკომენდაციებით, რომლებიც შეეხება, პროფილაქტიკურ მიდგომებს, კონსერვატულ და ქირურგიულ ტაქტიკებს, ასევე გართულებული დივერტიკულური დაავადების მკურნალობის საკვანძო მომენტებს.

The study of antioxidants is of pivotal importance in biomedicine as these molecules could be involved in biological pathways associated with disease. The identification of new antioxidants together with the acquisition of a deeper knowledge on their biology, could lead to the use of these compounds as drugs for innovative treatments. Plants are an important reservoir of phytodrugs that in many cases can be isolated with good extraction yields directly from the vegetal source and are often endowed with a low toxicity profile. Georgia, a country situated on the Black Sea coast in the Caucasus region at the intersection of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, is renowned for its unique woodland habitats and immense biological diversity due to the great variety of climate zones and landscapes. Many wild plants in the area are used as remedies for a number of illnesses in the local traditional medicine. However, the scientific knowledge of these sources of natural drugs and of their molecular components is still far from exhaustive. Therefore, with the present work we reviewed the scientific literature on some of the main Georgian medicinal plants and found that several species are a valuable source of hydrophilic and hydrophobic antioxidants, endowed in some cases with a high ROS-scavenging ability. The analysis of the literature also demonstrated that most of the medicinal extracts and compounds isolated from these plants are beneficial in suppressing multiple diseases in vitro. This review will provide information for scientists looking to develop secure plant-based pharmaceuticals as well as a rationale for using Georgian medicinal plants for the treatment of a range of diseases.

While morphine is the recommended first-line treatment for pain management in patients with acute coronary syndrome, recent studies have raised concerns about its association with adverse outcomes. Morphine has been found to cause delayed antiplatelet effects, decreased ticagrelor absorption, increased platelet reactivity, and compromised efficacy of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). Alternative analgesics, such as lidocaine, fentanyl, and acetaminophen, have begun to emerge as viable alternatives, each with unique mechanisms and potential benefits. Lidocaine is demonstrated to have superior effects in reducing microvascular obstruction and fewer adverse events compared to fentanyl, despite being less effective in pain reduction. Fentanyl, which shows rapid onset and powerful analgesic properties, may interfere with ticagrelor absorption, potentially affecting platelet inhibition. Acetaminophen, a centrally acting analgesic, emerges as a safer alternative with comparable pain relief efficacy and minimal side effects. The results of multiple clinical trials emphasize the significance of customizing pain management approaches to match individual patient profiles and achieving the optimal balance between pain relief and potential adverse outcomes.

This article demonstrates changes in biochemical homeostasis in patients with moderate SARS-CoV-2 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or hyperglycemia identified for the first time. The results of the study were estimated according to the indicators of a biochemical blood test in the acute phase and the convalescent phase of the SARS-CoV-2. The most significant deviations of homeostasis were observed in patients with T2DM. The development and worsening of hyperglycemia were due to the specific effect of the virus on carbohydrate metabolism mediated via ACE2 receptors located in hepatocytes and pancreatic cells. The development of hyperglycemia in SARS-CoV-2 patients was not associated with the use of drugs with hyperglycemic effects in particular glucocorticoids. The obtained data indicate the blood coagulation system’s activation and the severity of this activation depended on the severity of SARS-CoV-2 and somatic complications.