University Of Fallujah

Despite its quiet influence, how farm advisors are managed shapes who talks to whom - steering duties in ways that quietly align with farming progress. Behind each assignment lies a system nudging effectiveness, smoothing cooperation between offices while staying alert to what growers face daily. Instead of numbers, voices tell the story here - interviews uncovering patterns within Iraq's extension frameworks through careful observation and open-ended reflection. One way they reached their goals? Through a questionnaire. Mostly, folks involved were farm advisors - about seven out of ten - from Baghdad’s Extension and Cooperation team during fall 2025; ninety one took part. To check how well jobs matched office setups, researchers built a measuring tool. Two main parts made up that system. One section looked at how well the office setup works for staff, broken into 79 points across nine areas. With scores on relevance running from zero up to two hundred thirty-seven. Then came the segment about giving workers real influence in their roles - checking consistency meant polling others beyond the main group. Researchers applied the Feckernbach method, landing on figures of eighty-six percent and eighty-nine out of a hundred. Results suggested the farm training department’s management layout fits poorly with what most field officers need. The system struggles to grow stronger over time. People feel held back from using their full skills. Messages flow only downward. Tech tools hardly appear in daily tasks. A closer look showed almost no strong ties to similar farming organizations. Not much gets done without better support - motivation runs low, power stays centralized, and workplace conditions fail many. What stands out is how the system fails its people - rules get in the way more than they help. Too often, daily tasks hit roadblocks because leadership doesn’t match what fieldworkers actually need. Fixes came up after seeing these issues: changes aimed at smoothing operations and lifting barriers. When management works right, teamwork across units improves. Clarity grows around who does what. Choices become smarter when structure backs them instead of blocking progress.

BACKGROUND: In sclerotherapy of C1 disease, the volume of sclerosant might reflect the volume of the diseased veins in skin and subcutaneous levels. A cross sectional study was carried out.METHODS: From July 2023 to September 2024, sclerotherapy efficacy for treatment of C1 disease was studied according to percent decrease of sclerosant volume needed to perform two timely scheduled sessions. Inclusion criteria were every non-pregnant and non-lactating female with C1 disease, normal duplex scan and no vein intervention within the last year. Treatment of total limb was performed by injecting all visible veins and their feeders after taking pre-pictures in different views in standing position with standardized camera and light conditions. Volume of sclerosant was recorded as number of ampoules needed to run the first session. The second session was scheduled 4 months, post pictures, patient satisfaction score out of 100% was taken, the second sclerotherapy session was performed, and the percent decrease in ampoule number was assessed in comparison to the first session. Coded files of pre and post pictures were sent to an independent expert for efficacy assessment out of 100%. Ethical approval was granted.RESULTS: Ninety limbs from 50 patients were studied. Mean time between first and second sessions was 140.77±60.01 days. Mean patient satisfaction score was 71.92±21.66%. Mean expert opinion improvement score was 89.70±5.08%. Percent decrease of sclerosant volume was only 31.79%.CONCLUSIONS: For C1 disease, relying on visual tools to assess efficacy of sclerotherapy sessions might be misleading with a high volume of subcutaneous non-visible residuals and feeders.

This study investigated the cultural, molecular, and epidemiological aspects of Pasteurella multocida in sheep affected with respiratory infections. Data were collected from 130 sheep that exhibited severe respiratory illness from various locations across Salah Alden province, Iraq. Nasal swabs were obtained from the sheep, cultured, identified by biochemical tests, confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing. Seasonal patterns were analyzed, a relationship between clinical signs and infection status were established, and geographical distribution of infection sheep was assessed. The results indicated non- hemolytic colonies on blood agar that were Gram-negative and non-motile coccobacilli measuring 1-3 mm in diameter. The biochemical assays revealed positive oxidase, catalase, and indole tests, while the Simmons citrate and methyl red tests were negative, confirming the presence of P. multocida. The infection rate of P. multocida among the clinically affected sheep was 33.1% (43/130) and no significant sex difference was observed in the detection rate. Significant age-related differences were observed in the detection rate, with higher rate (62.1%) in sheep aged less than 1 year, followed by the age range of 1 to 2 years (37.8%), and the lowest (17.2%) in sheep greater than 2 years of age. The PMOut gene primers successfully amplified the 219 bp fragment from all culture positive samples, confirming the presence of P. multocida. The detection rate was higher in autumn (45.2%) and winter (38.7%) compared to spring (28.1%) and summer (21.4%) seasons. The main clinical signs correlating with P. multocida infection were fever, nasal discharge, and cough. The distribution of P. multocida positive cases in the Salah Alden province varied greatly among districts Tikrit revealing highest detection rate compared to Shirqat, and Tuz Khurmatu. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that all isolates were highly sensitive to gentamycin (100%) and completely resistant to penicillin, rifampin, and cloxacillin (100%). in conclusion, this study establishes that P. multocida is a major contributor to respiratory infection in sheep within the studied province with significant influence of age, season, and geography. The use of the PMOut gene for rapid and accurate identification along with epidemiological and antimicrobial testing data, provides valuable information for the development of effective disease control measures.

<ns3:p>Before and after being exposed to fire, concrete-filled double-skin steel tubular (CFDST) beams were tested. Six square beams with outer tube thicknesses of 1.3, 1.7, and 2.6 mm were made and then put through pure torsion until they broke. Half of the samples were tested in normal conditions, and the other half were tested after being exposed to the ISO 834 standard fire for 90 minutes. The results showed that all the beams had stable and ductile torque–rotation behavior up to about 55° of twist, and there was no sign of brittle failure. After the heating and cooling cycles, the beams still had most of their torsional rigidity. The stiffness values were about two-thirds to nine-tenths of what they were before the fire. It was noted that making the outer steel wall thicker helped the beams keep more of their stiffness after being exposed to fire. The thicker walls clearly made the section less likely to lose torsional strength, which shows that wall thickness has a big effect on how things behave after a fire. The results showed that CFDST beams could still safely handle torsional loads after being in a fire. Because of this, they are good for use in bridge beams, transfer beams, and building cores, where both fire resistance and torsional strength are needed.</ns3:p>

Abstract This study addresses a critical gap in the literature by examining the tripartite relationship between Business Intelligence (BI), Digital Culture, and Smart Organization development within Jordanian pharmaceutical firms. While prior research has often explored these constructs in isolation or pairwise, this study introduces theoretical novelty by uniquely conceptualizing Digital Culture as a catalytic moderator that amplifies the impact of BI capabilities on organizational smartness. Through a survey of 102 senior and middle managers and employing hierarchical regression analysis with interaction terms, we find that BI dimensions collectively explain 59.9% of the variance in Smart Organization development. Crucially, the interaction between BI and Digital Culture is significant, contributing an additional 44.1% explanatory power and underscoring its role as a strategic multiplier. This study offers a validated, integrative framework for knowledge-intensive industries, demonstrating that the synergistic alignment of technological infrastructure and cultural readiness is essential for achieving sustainable competitive advantage in dynamic, regulated markets.

Understanding how abiotic influences affect organisms and their interactions within ecological communities has long been of interest to ecologists. The significance of this comprehension has increased given rapid human-induced climate change. Wind speed variation is one of the less researched effects of climate change, as wind speeds worldwide are generally falling. Although wind is a fairly universal component of the environment, relatively little work has been conducted to integrate our knowledge of how wind affects interactions between different species. In this study, the influence of wind on bottom-up trophic interactions in the plant–ungulate–wolf food chain has been investigated through mathematical modeling. Positivity and boundedness of the model have been proven, and the existence of equilibrium points and their stability have been established. Saddle-node, transcritical, and Hopf bifurcations are discussed. Finally, all theoretical results are confirmed by numerical simulations.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1641978.].

Background Hemoglobin A1c is widely recognized as an indicator of long-term glucose control in patients with diabetes. Its measurement, however, can be influenced by several hemoglobin disorders, including the β-thalassemia trait, which is relatively common in the Middle East. Methods This work compared manual HbA1c testing procedures with an automated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique in diabetic patients carrying the β-thalassemia trait. Sixty diagnosed diabetic cases with confirmed β-thalassemia were included from Fallujah Teaching Hospital. HbA1c was analyzed by three procedures: Variant II HPLC, ion-exchange resin, and Turbidimetric immunoassay. Data were processed using ANOVA, t-test, and Pearson correlation in SPSS, considering p &lt; 0.05 significant. Results Differences among the tested methods were clearly evident. Measurements obtained by the automated HPLC system were generally higher mean (9.2%) than those recorded with the Turbidimetric immunoassay (7.58%) and the ion-exchange resin technique (7.96%). The observed gap between automated and manual estimations, reaching 1.5% and 1.15% respectively, was found to be statistically significant. HbA1c values demonstrated a strong positive correlation with HbA values in all three analytical methods (r &gt; 0.82, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions These results suggest that manual assays would be expected to erroneously underestimate HbA1c levels in β-thalassemia carriers, which could significantly affect its clinical interpretation. The NGSP-standardized HPLC method was the most reliable for the accurate measurement of HbA1c and reflects more precisely glycemic control in patients with variant haemoglobins.

يعد منصب رَئيس مجلس الوزراء في دستور جُمهورِية العراق لسنة 2005 ، من اهم المناصب التنفيذية في الدولة ، اذ انيطت به اختصاصات واسعة على رأس السُلطةُ التنفيذية غير ان هذه الاختصاصات لم تترك مطلقاً ، بل احيطت بجملة من القيود التي تهدف الى تحقيق التوازن بينَ السُلطات وضمان عدم الانفراد بالقرار . وقد جاءت هذه القيود متسقة مع روح النظام البرلماني الذي اعتمده المُشرع، حيث يتطلب وجود اليات رقابة متبادلة تكفل خضوع السُلطةُ التنفيذية - وفي مقدمتها رَئيس مجلس الوزراء – للمساءلة امام السلطتين ألتشريعية والقضائية . وتتنوع هذه القيود بينَما هو دستوري منصوص عليه صراحة ، كاشتراط موافقة مجلس النواب على بعض قراراته ، وما هو سياسي نابع من طبيعة التوافقات الحزبية والبرلمانية التي تعد السمة البارزة للنظام السياسي العراقي بعد عام 2003 ، كما تشتمل هذه القيود الرقابة القضائية على اعماله وقراراته ، فضلا عن القيود العملية المرتبطة بتركيبة الحكومة العراقية المتعددة قومياً ومذهبياً وما يفرضه ذلك من محاصصة سياسية تؤثر في مدى استقلالية قراراته . إن دراسة هذه القيود تكشف عن سعي المُشرع الدستوري الى الحد من النزعة الفردية في إدارة شؤون الدولة ، والانتقال نحو نموذج يقوم على المشاركة والتوازن المؤسسي ، بالرغم مما افرزه التطبيق العملي من تحديات على مستوى الاستقرار السياسي وفعالية الحكومة ، ومن هنا تتجلى أهمية البحث في اظهار طبيعة تلك القيود ، وبيان اثرها في رسم ملامح النظام السياسي العراقي ، ومدى نجاحها في تحقيق التوازن المنشود بينَ السُلطات وضمان خضوع السُلطةُ التنفيذية للرقابة البرلمانية .

An investigation about lightweight self-compacting concrete (LWSCC) at elevated temperatures has been conducted in this paper. This lightweight concrete is produced by partially or fully replacing of normal coarse aggregate with Porcelanite aggregate. Three replacement percentages (0, 50 and 100%) were investigated. Rheological and mechanical tests were carried out in this study. V-Funnel, Slump flow, T50 flow time and L-box all these tests were conducted to evaluate the fresh properties of LWSCC. Four levels of temperatures (25, 450, 600 and 700oC) were applied to the specimens to assess the degradation of LWSCC at elevated temperatures, by calculating the residual compressive strength, loss of density and absorption. Specimens were kept in the furnace for one hour after reaching the desired temperature to ensure that the interior and the surface of samples reached to the same level of temperature, then specimens left for air cooling gradually. The result from this study revealed that LWSCC can increase the ability of concrete to resist high temperatures better than normal concrete, especially at 700oC. This conclusion was clear as the residual of compressive strength was higher for concrete made by Porcelanite aggregate at 700oC temperature. Also, the loss of density became higher for this type of concrete when temperatures increase. Likewise, the absorption of LWSCC was highly affected by increase Porcelanite aggregate at elevated temperatures.